中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 2049-2062.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.11.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

苦荞产区种质资源遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

屈 洋1,2,周 瑜1,王 钊2,王鹏科1,高金锋1,高小丽1,冯佰利1   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点试验室,陕西杨凌 712100
    2宝鸡市农业科学研究所,陕西岐山 722400
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-06 出版日期:2016-06-01 发布日期:2016-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 冯佰利,E-mail:7012766@163.com
  • 作者简介:屈洋,E-mail:man2019@163.com。周瑜,E-mail:254885036@qq.com。屈洋和周瑜为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31071472)、国家自然科学基金青年基金(31501365)、陕西省科技攻关项目(2012K01-09)、陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Tartary Buckwheat Resources from Production Regions

QU Yang1,2, ZHOU Yu1, WANG Zhao2, WANG Peng-ke1, GAO Jin-feng1, GAO Xiao-li1, FENG Bai-li1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University /State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2 Baoji Institute of Agricultural Science, Qishan 722400, Shaanxi
  • Received:2016-01-06 Online:2016-06-01 Published:2016-06-01

摘要: 【目的】了解苦荞产区种质资源遗传多样性和遗传结构,为苦荞资源的有效利用提供参考。【方法】采用相关性分析、主成分分析方法对苦荞8个植株性状进行分析;温室内培养苦荞资源,于3叶期,每个资源选取10株新鲜叶片,采用CTAB方法提取苦荞基因组DNA,结合SSR分子标记方法进行PCR扩增,然后对扩增产物进行电泳检测并照相保存,根据SSR检测位点构建[0,1] 矩阵,最后利用PowerMarker3.25和Structure2.3.4软件对83份苦荞种质资源进行遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析。【结果】8个植株性状分布较分散,大部分植株性状间呈现显著相关,植株性状的前4个主成分累计贡献率达到85.22%,基本可以显示苦荞种质资源植株性状的相关性关系;不同植株性状间株高和主茎粗变异系数最大,遗传变异最丰富。不同省份的资源表现出不同的遗传多样性,西藏资源的表型遗传多样指数H′ 均值最高,为1.82,其次为四川,遗传多样性指数H均值为1.78;不同省份资源植株性状的遗传多样性存在差异,四川生育期、株高、主茎分枝的遗传多样性指数H最高,陕西叶宽的遗传多样性指数H′ 最高,云南千粒重的遗传多样性指数H′ 最高;植株性状的主成分分析表明相似产区的植株性状具有一定的相关性。13条核心引物共检测出208条清晰的条带,其中200条(96.15%)具有多态性,平均每条引物扩增出的条带数和多态性条带数分别为16个和15.4个;不同引物等位基因变化范围为4—58个,重要的基因频率变化范围为0.02—0.86,多样性指数变化范围为0.38—0.98,多态信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.35—0.98;不同地理来源苦荞种质资源的遗传多样性表明,北方产区亲缘关系较近,西南产区亲缘关系较近,说明不同地理来源的群体类别与产区存在一定的关系;来自陕西群体的等位基因数量最多、基因多样性指数和多态性信息量最高,分别为12.0769、0.8365和0.8265;基于模型的遗传结构分析将苦荞资源划分为3个类群,基于遗传距离的聚类显示苦荞种质资源穿插分布,资源的地理来源地分化不明显,但是同一产区的资源遗传距离较近,资源之间具有一定的产区分化。【结论】苦荞产区种质资源PIC较高,遗传多样性丰富,2大产区具有一定的资源交流和遗传物质交换。

关键词: 苦荞, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, 主成分分析法, 相关性分析, 聚类分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of tartary buckwheat resources from different production regions and to provide theoretical foundation of functional gene and resources use. 【Method】 Eight phenotypic traits were evaluated by correlation and principal component analyses. Plants were cultivated in the greenhouse, and 10 fresh leaves were selected in the three leaf stage. DNA of tartary buckwheat was extracted using the CTAB method, and then they were amplified based on the SSR marker, detected by the electrophoresis, and took photos and saved. 0, 1 matrix was structured based on the detection of SSR, and eighty-three materials were used to analyze genetic diversity and genetic structure by PowerMarker3.25 and Structure2.3.4 software. 【Result】 Distribution of the eight phenotypic traits were scattered with most apparently interrelated. The cumulative contribution rate of four principal components formerly reached up to 85.2%, which may show the relative relationships of the plant traits. The variation coefficient and genetic diversity of plant height and main stem diameter contributed the most to this metrics between all plant traits. Among the distinct geographical regions, the mean H′ (1.82) of Tibet population was the richest, and in Sichuan population was the second with a mean H′ of 1.78, just slightly lower. Genetic diversity of plant traits from the distinct regions showed that the H′ of growth stage, plant height, and main stem branch number in Sichuan population were the highest, while the H′ of leaf width was the richest trait in the Shaanxi population, andof 1000-seeds weight H′ in Yunnan population was the richest trait for plants of that region. Principal component analysis of 7 different geographical populations showed plant traits of similar production regions may have a close relation. Genetic diversity of 83 individuals of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources was detected by 13 pairs of SSR primes. A total of 208 loci were detected, among which 200 (96.2%) were polymorphous. The number of amplified fragments and polymorphous fragments per primer combination were 16 and 15.4; the number of alleles varied from 4 to 58, and the frequencies of major alleles varied from 0.02 to 0.86; gene diversity was between 0.38 and 0.98, and polymorphic information index was 0.35-0.98. Genetic diversity of different production regions showed that genetic structure of the northerly populations showed close relationship, and genetic structure of southwesterly population was also so, which showed the relationship between population cluster and production regions. The number of alleles (12.1), genetic diversity index (0.84), and polymorphic information content (0.83) in Shaanxi were the highest among the regions. All resources were divided into three clusters based on modules by genetic structure analysis, and cluster analysis based on genetic distance showed dispersive resources and no regionalization. Genetic distances were close from plant materials of the same production regions among different resources. 【Conclusion】 Polymorphic information contents of tartary buckwheat from main production regions were high, and the genetic diversity among them was rich. Resource interflow and genetic material exchange were observed in northerly and southwesterly production regions.

Key words: tartary buckwheat, genetic diversity, genetic structure, principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, clustering analysis