中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (19): 3821-3833.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

中美大豆Ⅲ熟期组代表品种根系形态和活力的比较研究

郭小红1,王兴才1,2,孟田1,张惠君1,敖雪1,王海英1,谢甫绨1   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学大豆研究所,沈阳 110866
    2四川农业大学农学院,成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-29 出版日期:2015-10-01 发布日期:2015-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 谢甫绨,E-mail:snsoybean@sohu.com;敖雪,E-mail:cymkaheihei@163.com
  • 作者简介:郭小红,E-mail:kabakebang@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31171570)、国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD35B06)、辽宁省科技厅项目(201401677-3)

Comparison of Root Morphological and Activity of Representative Soybean Cultivars (MG III) Developed in the USA and China

GUO Xiao-hong1, WANG Xing-cai1,2, MENG Tian1, ZHANG Hui-jun1, AO Xue1, WANG Hai-ying1, XIE Fu-ti1   

  1. 1 Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
    2 College of Agronomy, Sichuan     Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2015-01-29 Online:2015-10-01 Published:2015-10-01

摘要: 【目的】研究中美大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)Ⅲ熟期组不同年代育成代表性品种根系的形态和活力,及其对施肥水平的响应,试图揭示大豆品种根系性状随产量改良的演变趋势。【方法】以祖先亲本相同(均来自Williams和Amsoy),分别在中国辽宁省和美国俄亥俄州(相同纬度)育种程序下育成的代表性品种为试材,于2012和2013年盆栽条件下,采用随机区组试验设计,在大豆幼苗期(V2)将磷酸二铵水溶后均匀施入盆中,施肥量设3个水平,分别为0、150 mg·kg-1干土、300 mg·kg-1干土。在大豆苗期(V4)、开花期(R2)、鼓粒中期(R6)和鼓粒末期(R7)取样,于植株子叶节处剪断,套上内置脱脂棉的离心管,利用吸液差重法测定根系伤流量;用Epson Expression 10000XL仪扫描洗净的根系,使用WinRhizo2012软件分析扫描图像,测定根系总长度、根系总表面积和根毛数量;采用氯化三苯基四氮唑法(TTC法)测定根系活力;将扫描完毕的根系在105℃下杀青30 min,80℃下烘干至恒重,测定根系干重;在成熟期测定单株籽粒产量。【结果】随着大豆品种产量的遗传改良,俄亥俄品种和辽宁品种的根系总长度、根系总表面积、根毛数量、根干重、根系伤流量和根系活力的改良趋势一致,均随产量的改良呈递增趋势,特别是在鼓粒中期和鼓粒末期,根系形态和活力等指标随育成年代增加而增幅较大。相同年代品种相比,俄亥俄品种根系总长度、根系总表面积、根毛数量、根系伤流量和根系活力的改良程度大于辽宁品种。随着施肥水平增加,俄亥俄当代品种和辽宁当代品种在中肥(150 mg·kg-1干土)和高肥(300 mg·kg-1干土)水平下根系性状值均表现较高,而俄亥俄中期品种和辽宁中期品种在中肥水平下表现最佳。在相同施肥水平下,当代品种根系形态和活力等指标大于共同亲本和中期品种。相关和通径分析表明,苗期、开花期、鼓粒中期、鼓粒末期根系总长度、根系总表面积、根毛数量、根干重、根系伤流量、根系活力均与单株籽粒产量呈极显著正相关,其中根系活力与单株籽粒产量相关性最为密切。【结论】在大豆品种产量改良过程中,俄亥俄品种和辽宁品种根系形态和活力等指标的改良趋势相同,其根系总长度、根系总表面积、根毛数量、根系伤流量和根系活力均随产量改良呈递增趋势,但俄亥俄品种的改良程度大于辽宁品种。俄亥俄品种和辽宁品种根系的耐肥性均得到增强,两地区当代品种的根系性状值在中肥和高肥条件下均表现较高,而中期品种在中肥水平下表现最好。

关键词: 大豆, 育成品种, 根系形态, 根系伤流量, 根系活力, 中国, 美国

Abstract: 【Objective】The research was compared on the root morphological and activity of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] developed in different years from the different breeding programs of Ohio, USA, and Liaoning, China, which were at the same latitude. The purpose of this study was to reveal the evolutionary trend of root traits, and the response to the fertilizer rate with the improvement of seed yield. 【Method】 The pot experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013, and used a completely randomized design with three replications, and all used cultivars had the same ancestors (Williams and Amsoy). The diammonium phosphate was applied at the seedling stage (V2) with a solution condition, and had three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg·kg-1dry soil). The plants were cut at the cotyledonary node at the stages of V4, R2, R6, and R7, and the root bleeding sap weight was measured by a weight difference method with absorbent cotton suction. The plant root was scanned by an Epson Expression 10000XL, and then WinRhizo2012 software analyzed the scanning images to determine root length, root surface area, and number of root hairs, and the root activity was measured by a triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method (TTC). The root samples were dried in the oven at 105?C for 30 minutes and at 80℃ at least for 72 hours to achieve a constant weight, and the seed yield per plant was measured at the mature stage. 【Result】 The root length, root surface area, number of root hairs, root dry weight, root bleeding sap weight, and root activity of Ohio and Liaoning cultivars had the same improvement trend, and all of those were increased with the yield improvement, especially at the stage of R6 and R7, and the value of root morphological and activity was increased greatly by years. Compared with the cultivars of different regions, the root length, the improvement progress of root surface area, the number of root hairs, the root bleeding sap weight, and the root activity of Ohio cultivars was better than the Liaoning cultivars. With the increasing of fertilization rates, the root traits value of the current cultivars of Ohio and Liaoning showed very well at both the medium (150 mg·kg-1dry soil) and high (300 mg·kg-1dry soil) fertilization levels, and those of the middle cultivars of two regions were best at the medium fertilization rate. Under the same fertilizer rate, the root traits value of current cultivars was greater than the ancestor and middle cultivars. The results of correlation and path-coefficient showed that root length, root surface area, root dry weight, root bleeding sap weight, and root activity had significant positive correction with the seed yield per plant at the stages of V4, R2, R6, and R7, and that the correction between root activity and seed yield per plant was the best. 【Conclusion】During the improvement of the soybean yield of the Ohio and Liaoning cultivars, the root morphological and activity had the same improvement trend, and the root length, root surface area, root bleeding sap weight, and root activity were increased with the yield improvement, but the improvement progress of Ohio cultivars was greater than that of Liaoning cultivars. Fertilizer tolerance was enhanced in both Ohio and Liaoning cultivars, the root traits values of current cultivars of two regions showed very well at both the medium (150 mg·kg-1dry soil) and high (300 mg·kg-1dry soil) fertilization levels, and that of the middle cultivars were best at the medium fertilization rate.

Key words: soybean, released cultivar, root morphological, root bleeding sap, root activity, China, USA