彩色棉抗氧化系统生理特征及纤维素累积对纤维品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究黄河流域棉区不同纤维颜色棉花品种品质差异及棉铃在发育进程中生理活性变化，探索其品质形成的主要时期和相关影响因素，为彩色棉的品质改良提供理论依据。【方法】在大田试验条件下，以彩色棉品种中棉所51号（浅棕，CCRI 51，杂交棉）、中棉所81号（深棕，CCRI 81）、中棉所82号（深绿，CCRI 82）和普通棉（简称白棉，CK）国欣棉3号（GX 3）为试验材料，对各小区棉株中部第5—6果枝的一、二果节当日花进行挂牌，于收获期测定其纤维品质，并在花后10、15、20、30、40 d（days post anthesis，DPA）取挂牌棉铃，分别测定铃壳、棉籽、棉纤维的可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及棉纤维的纤维素含量，研究不同颜色棉花品种纤维品质差异及棉铃发育特点，并对二者进行相关性分析。【结果】纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数以及断裂比强度三个指标均以杂交彩色棉（浅棕棉）最高，常规陆地棉三个指标的高低顺序为：白棉＞深棕棉＞深绿棉。白棉铃壳各时期可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于彩色棉品种，各品种各时期差异均达到显著水平；白棉棉纤维可溶性蛋白质含量最大下降幅度时期为前期（10—20 DPA，降幅66.67%），而彩色棉品种为后期（20—40 DPA，降幅为23.08%—61.19%）。各品种铃壳POD活性在花后10—20 DPA均有所上升，其中以深绿棉品种上升幅度最高，白棉和浅棕棉铃壳POD活性在10 DPA时显著高于深棕棉和深绿棉。白棉在10 DPA时铃壳和棉籽SOD活性均为最高，两棕色棉铃壳SOD活性在棉铃发育过程中均呈逐渐增加趋势；浅棕棉棉籽SOD活性在30—40 DPA时提高了53.18%，显著高于其他品种；深绿棉棉纤维SOD活性降低时期出现得较其他品种早10 d。白棉棉籽MDA含量在花后20—30 DPA时下降，而彩色棉均升高。浅棕棉纤维素快速累积开始期最早，持续期最长，白棉较深棕棉和深绿棉的纤维素快速累积起始期早3 d，持续期长1—5 d。10 DPA时棉籽MDA含量与棉纤维长度和断裂比强度显著负相关，铃壳POD活性与纤维长度呈显著正相关，纤维素快速累积持续期与纤维长度及强度显著正相关；20 DPA时棉纤维可溶性蛋白质含量、30 DPA时棉籽MDA含量以及纤维素快速累积起始期与整齐度呈显著负相关；20 DPA时棉籽MDA含量、30 DPA时铃壳可溶性蛋白质含量、40 DPA时棉纤维MDA含量与马克隆值呈显著正相关；40 DPA时棉籽可溶性蛋白质含量、20 DPA时棉纤维POD活性与伸长率显著正相关。【结论】彩色棉棉铃相比于白棉，较低的抗氧化酶系统活性在纤维发育前期（0—20 DPA）阻碍了纤维初生壁的形成及生长，在纤维发育后期（20—40 DPA）促进了色素类物质在次生壁沉积，这就降低了纤维素在次生壁的积累。彩色棉较短的纤维素累积持续期以及较晚的纤维素快速累积起始期是造成彩色棉品质低的直接原因。

关键词: 彩色棉, 抗氧化系统, 纤维素累积, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】To research the differences of colored cotton fiber quality and variation in physiological activities of boll development, an experiment was conducted to explore the main period and related influencing factors of fiber quality formation in the Yellow River Valley cotton-farming region of China. This study will provide a theoretical basis for quality improvement of colored cotton. 【Method】In field conditions, three colored cotton varieties, Zhongmian 51 (light brown, CCRI51, hybrid cotton), Zhongmian 81 (dark brown, CCRI81), Zhongmian 82 (dark green, CCRI82), and one ordinary white cotton variety Guoxin 3 (GX3) were used as experimental materials. The cotton flowers grown at 1-2 nodes of 5-6 fruit branches were marked in each district on the same day. Then, fiber quality of the marked bolls was tested at harvest time. In addition, the marked bolls were divided into boll shell, cotton seed and fiber in the 10 DPA (days post anthesis), 20 DPA, 30 DPA, 40 DPA, separately. For each organ of the marked bolls, indexes such as soluble protein content, POD activity, SOD activity, MDA content, and cellulose content of cotton fiber were measured. And fiber qualities, bolls’ development characteristics of different varieties, and the correlation between both were studied.【Result】CCRI 51, as a hybrid cotton variety, had the highest upper fiber length, uniformity, and strength. And the order of that of the other conventional cotton was GX 3＞CCRI 81 ＞CCRI 82. Micronaire value of GX 3 was significantly higher than that of the other cotton varieties. Soluble protein content in boll shell of GX 3 was higher than that in the other varieties in the boll development. Meanwhile, a significant difference was observed among varieties in each period. The largest decreased ratio of fiber soluble protein content of GX 3 appeared in the early time after flowering (10-20 DPA, 66.67%). However, for the other varieties, it appeared at the later stage after flowering (20-40 DPA, 23.08%-61.19%). POD activity of boll shell of all varieties rose in the 10-20 DPA. And that of the variety CCRI 82 was the highest. POD activity in boll shell of GX 3 and CCRI 51 was significantly higher than that of CCRI 81 and CCRI 82. In the 10 DPA, SOD activities in boll shell and cotton seed of GX 3 both were the highest in the 4 varieties. SOD activity in boll shell of CCRI 51 and CCRI 81 showed a gradual increasing trend during its development. SOD activity in cotton seed of CCRI 51 in the 40 DPA increased by 53.18% compared with that in the 30 DPA; also, the value was significantly higher than the other varieties. However, for CCRI 82 fiber, SOD activity declined time occurred 10 days earlier than that of the other varieties. MDA content of GX 3 cotton seed showed a decreasing trend in the 20-30 DPA. However, that of the other varieties showed an increasing trend in this period. The cellulose speedy accumulation time of CCRI 51 occurred earlier and longer than the other varieties. For GX 3, cellulose speedy accumulation time was 3 days earlier than that of CCRI 81 and CCRI 82, and its speedy accumulation duration was 1-5 days longer than that of CCRI 81 and CCRI 82. MDA content in cotton seed in the 10 DPA showed a significantly negative correlation with fiber length and fiber strength, and the coefficients were -0.964 and -0.968, respectively. POD activity in the boll shell in 10 DPA was significantly and positively correlated with fiber length. And cellulose speedy accumulation duration was significantly and positively correlated with fiber length and strength. Protein content in fiber in 20 DPA, MDA content in cotton seed in 30 DPA and cellulose speedy accumulation time were significantly and negatively correlated with fiber uniformity. MDA content in cotton seed in 20 DPA, protein content of boll shell in 30 DPA and MDA content in 40 DPA were all significantly and positively correlated with micronaire value. Both protein content in cotton seed in 40 DPA and POD activity in fiber in 20 DPA were significantly and positively correlated with tensile stretch. 【Conclusion】 Compared to white cotton, colored cotton bolls had a poor antioxidant enzyme system activity, which affected the formation and growth of the primary cell wall of fiber in 0-20 DPA, and promoted coloring substances deposited in the secondary cell wall of fiber, which affected the cellulose accumulation in secondary cell wall of fiber. Shorter cellulose accumulation duration and a late cellulose speedy accumulation time of colored cotton were both the direct cause of low fiber quality.

Key words: colored-cotton, antioxidant system, cellulose accumulation, fiber quality

宋世佳，孙红春，张永江，刘连涛，白志英，李存东. 彩色棉抗氧化系统生理特征及纤维素累积对纤维品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(19): 3811-3820.

SONG Shi-jia, SUN Hong-chun, ZHANG Yong-jiang, LIU Lian-tao, BAI Zhi-ying, LI Cun-dong. The Physiological Characteristics of the Antioxidant System of Colored Cotton and the Effects of Cellulose Accumulation on Cotton Fiber Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(19): 3811-3820.

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