中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (17): 3477-3492.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.014
白由路
收稿日期:
2015-06-01
出版日期:
2015-09-01
发布日期:
2015-09-01
通讯作者:
白由路,Tel:010-82108673;E-mail:baiyoulu@caas.cn
作者简介:
白由路,Tel:010-82108673;E-mail:baiyoulu@caas.cn
基金资助:
BAI You-lu
Received:
2015-06-01
Online:
2015-09-01
Published:
2015-09-01
摘要: 文中回顾了1840年以来植物营养与肥料科学的重大成就和有影响的事件,并针对目前有歧义的问题进行了详细论述。在植物营养生理与生物学方面对植物营养必需元素、营养元素的吸收与转运、营养元素的转移与再利用、菌根在植物营养中的作用、植物营养与植物抗病性,化学诊断中的植物有效养分提取、养分测定和目前进行的光谱诊断等进行了回顾。论述了施肥模型、精准施肥技术和灌溉施肥技术的发展。分析了施肥模型中养分分级模型、肥料效应函数模型、养分平衡模型和DRIS方法。综述了施肥对温室气体排放、肥料对环境污染等。介绍了目前主流的肥料品种和国际肥料资源概况。论文还对未来植物营养与肥料科学发展进行了展望,指出提高肥料利用率是解决肥料问题的关键;解决蔬菜施肥过量需要理论与技术的支撑;养分高效基因的开发与利用需要在正常养分条件下进行;施肥新技术是提高肥效的重要措施;同时还需要立足当前可用肥料资源发展肥料产业。植物营养与肥料学科的发展与人们所面临的人口、资源和环境息息相关,肥料的施用既是保证食物安全的需要,同时也给环境造成了巨大的压力。使用最少肥料,获得最多的食物是今后植物营养与肥料学科努力的方向。
白由路. 植物营养与肥料研究的回顾与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17): 3477-3492.
BAI You-lu. Review on Research in Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3477-3492.
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