关键词: 长江流域, 冬小麦, 产量反应, 肥料利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming to the low nutrient use efficiency caused by unreasonable fertilization of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley, this study summarized the yield distribution characteristics of each province in the Yangtze Valley and the stimulation effect of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the application fertilizer of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley and improving nutrient management strategies. 【Method】The data of field experiments in this paper were derived from field experiments conducted by the International Institute of Plant Nutrition (IPNI) in China’s Yangtze Valley from 2000 to 2018, as well as published papers on wheat field trials from 2000 to 2018 obtained by searching key words (winter wheat, winter wheat + yield, winter wheat yield + fertilizer utilization, etc.) in CNKI database, totally 1 732 field trials. The experimental treatment included optimized fertilization treatment, farmers practices, and none nitrogen, none phosphorus and none potassium treatments based on these two treatments, which was used to explore the characteristics of attainable yield, yield response, relative yield, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of winter wheat under optimized fertilization in the Yangtze Valley (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai).【Result】For all the data, the average yield of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley under optimal fertilization treatment was 6.6 t·hm^-2, of these, Anhui province had the highest average yield with 7.3 t·hm^-2, and the lowest average yield with 3.6 t·hm^-2 in Chongqing. The average yield response of N, P and K fertilizer application were 2.3, 0.9 and 0.6 t·hm^-2, respectively, but there were significant differences among provinces. The average relative yield of N, P and K were 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. The average agronomic efficiency of N, P and K were 12.6, 11.6 and 7.7 kg·kg^-1, respectively, and the average partial productivity were 34.0, 78.9 and 73.4 kg·kg^-1, respectively. As compared to farmers’ practices, the optimized fertilization treatment increased wheat yield by 0.5 t·hm^-2with an increase by 8.8%, increased agronomic efficiency of N, P and K fertilizer application by 41.1%, 121.1% and 84.6%, and partial factor productivity by 42.4%, 23.5% and 25.4%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Optimized fertilization had positive effect on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley, but there were certain differences among provinces and great variation within provinces. There was the lower yield response in some provinces, such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Jiangsu, indicated that had the higher soil nutrient supply in these regions. Therefore, optimal nutrient management should be formulated according to local conditions. By analyzing the parameters of wheat yield response and nutrient use efficiency under optimal nutrient management measured in the Yangtze Valley, nitrogen could be identified as the first limiting factor of wheat yield.

Key words: Yangtze Valley, winter wheat, yield response, nutrient use efficiency