关键词: 葡萄, 冬芽, 自然休眠诱导, 需冷量, 呼吸速率, 呼吸途径

Abstract: 【Objective】The changes of respiratory rate and respiratory pathway during the dormancy induction period, and the relationship between respiration and dormancy induction of grape bud were studied for the purpose of laying a theoretical foundation for the control technology of dormancy such as no-dormancy culture and promote early autumn cultivation, and solve the problem of the annual supply of fresh grapes. 【Method】 The experiment was undertaken in type Ⅱ low carbon high energy saving greenhouse in trial demonstration garden area. Three-year-old high chilling requirement grape V. vinifera-V. labrusca cv. ‘Summer Black’ and low chilling requirement grape V. vinifera cv. ‘Jingmi’ were used as test material and ‘Beta’ as rootstock. Respiration inhibitors and oxygen electrode were used for determination of the respiratory rate and respiratory pathway changes in grape buds, combined with single bud cuttings sand culture method to define the natural dormancy induction process, and to investigate the changes of respiratory metabolism during dormancy in grape buds. 【Result】 The starting and ending time of dormancy induction of low chilling requirement grape cultivar was later and depth of dormancy was shallower than high chilling requirement grape V. vinifera-V. labrusca cv. ‘Summer Black’. Change tendency oftotalrespiratory rate of different chilling requirement grape cultivars had the similar single peak curves, the maximum total respiratory rate appeared at the end of dormancy induction. The total respiratory rate and the increase amplitude of low chilling requirement grape bud was significantly lower than high chilling requirement grape bud at the end of the dormancy induction. During the dormancy induction period, the activity of different respiratory pathways at the oxidation substrate level and the electron transport level changed obviously, and the change trend was basically identical which closely related with its natural dormancy process. The operation activity and capacity of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), fat protein- tricarboxylic acid cycle (fat protein-TCA) at the oxidation substrate level and operation activity and capacity of alternative pathway at the electron transport level of grape buds increased rapidly with the advance of the natural dormancy process. For the low chilling requirement grape cultivar, PPP, fat protein-TCA at the oxidation substrate level, alternative pathway at the electron transport level of grape buds and other operation activity and capacity of respiratory pathway which is closely related to dormancy induction were lower than high chilling requirement grape buds. 【Conclusion】 During dormancy induction period, total respiratory rate peak was a sign of the end of grape dormancy induction. The rapid increase in the operation activity and capacity of PPP, alternative pathway, fat protein-TCA were the key for buds into dormancy induction and the symbolic physiological change in dormancy induction period.

Key words: grape, bud, dormancy induction, chilling requirement, respiratory rate, respiratory pathway