不同施肥方式对紫色土农田土壤动物主要类群的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】长期施肥可改变植物残体、根系分泌物等有机物输入土壤的种类和数量，间接使土壤动物群落组成发生改变。本研究旨在分析紫色土区不同施肥方式对土壤动物主要类群的影响及土壤动物主要类群与土壤因子之间的相互关系，探讨土壤动物主要类群对农田土壤肥力特征响应的敏感程度。【方法】以中国科学院盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站长期施肥试验田为研究取样点，采用改良干漏斗法（Modified Tullgren）、湿漏斗法（Baermann）和手拣法对紫色土农田6种施肥方式，即对照处理（CK）、常规施肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（OM，猪粪）、有机肥-化肥配施（OMNPK）、秸秆还田（RSD）和秸秆-化肥配施（RSDNPK）的线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨进行调查，并对土壤性质进行分析。运用相关分析、多元回归分析和典型相关分析研究土壤动物主要类群个体数量与土壤因子之间的关系。【结果】有机-无机肥配施（OMNPK、RSDNPK）中土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的个体数量显著高于常规施肥NPK（P＜0.05）。土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的总个体数在秸秆还田施肥方式（RSD、RSDNPK）中最高，其中RSDNPK施肥方式中总个体数显著高于其他施肥方式（P＜0.05）。统计分析显示，土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨个体数量与土壤有机质（SOM）、土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、土壤微生物量氮（MBN）和速效钾（AK）相关性显著（P＜0.05）。土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨个体数量分别解释了土壤肥力差异的78.03%、80.82%和50.86%，较好的解释了土壤肥力主要因子的变化，在一定程度上可以指示土壤肥力特征。【结论】有机肥的添加有助于线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的生存和发展，有机-无机肥合理配施对3类土壤动物的个体数量有促进作用，尤其是秸秆与化肥的合理配施能显著提高土壤动物总个体数。3类主要土壤动物可以指示一定的土壤肥力特征（有机质含量），但不能量化土壤肥力综合特征。

关键词: 土壤线虫, 蚯蚓, 甲螨, 施肥方式, 紫色土

Abstract: 【Objective】Management of cropland, especially long-term fertilization, can change the species and quantity of plant residue and root exudates, which will affect the soil fauna community composition. To investigate the effect of different fertilization regimes on the main groups of soil fauna, the response of main groups of soil fauna to changes of soil fertility and the relationships between main groups of soil fauna and soil properties were studied in the cropland of purple soil.【Method】Taking the Yanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Purple Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences as a research area, modified Tuggren, Baermann and hand-sorting methods were used to investigate the main groups of soil fauna (nematode, earthworm and oribatida) in different long-time fertilization croplands. Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to clarify the relationships between the main groups of soil fauna and soil fertility variables. The long-term fertilization experiment was conducted with a no fertilizer control (CK) and five fertilization regimes: NPK (synthetic fertilizer: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), OM (pig manure), OMNPK (pig manure plus nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), RSD (crop residues returned) and RSDNPK (crop residues returned with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium).【Result】The number of individuals of nematode, earthworm and oribatida in the OMNPK and RSDNPK treatments were significantly higher than in the NPK treatment (P＜0.05). The highest number of total individuals of the three main soil fauna was found in the RSDNPK, and was significantly higher than in the other fertilization regimes (P＜0.05). Statistical analysis showed that soil organic matter (SOM), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and available potassium (AK) were significantly correlated to the individuals of soil nematode, earthworm and oribatida (P＜0.05). The soil fertility properties were well explained by the individuals of soil nematode, earthworm and oribatida, with the explained percent of 78.03%，80.82% and 50.86%, respectively. Thus, the individuals of soil nematode, earthworm and oribatida can be applied to indicate certain characteristics of soil fertility.【Conclusion】The application of organic fertilizers promoted the number of individuals of nematode, earthworm and oribatida due to the abundant organic matter the fertilizers supplied for the survival and development of soil fauna. Organic-inorganic compound fertilizers were beneficial to the total individuals of the three main soil fauna, especially in the RSDNPK regime. The individuals of soil nematode, earthworm and oribatida can be used for indicating certain characteristics of soil fertility such as soil organic matter content. However, they cannot be used to quantify the integrated characteristics of soil fertility.

Key words: nematode, earthworm, oribatida, fertilization regimes, purple soil

朱新玉，朱波. 不同施肥方式对紫色土农田土壤动物主要类群的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(5): 911-920.

ZHU Xin-yu, ZHU Bo. Effect of Different Fertilization Regimes on the Main Groups of Soil Fauna in Cropland of Purple Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(5): 911-920.

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