AMF与隔根对紫色土上玉米||大豆种间氮竞争的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在探究紫色土上接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus，AMF）和不同间作模式对玉米（Zea mays L.）和大豆（Glycine max L.）作物种间相对竞争能力及氮（N）营养竞争比率的影响，为AMF调控菌根作物间的养分资源利用和竞争作用提供科学依据。【方法】论文通过温室内盆栽试验，设置3种不同间作模式（不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料布分隔）和不同AMF处理（不接种(NM)、接种Glomus etunicatum (G.e)），分析比较了玉米和大豆植株生长和氮营养状况，量化AMF和间作模式对玉米和大豆的种间竞争能力和氮营养竞争比率的影响。【结果】相同间作条件下，玉米始终具有较强的竞争优势，大豆处于竞争劣势，其中G.e不分隔处理下，玉米相对大豆的种间竞争能力和氮营养竞争比率最大。无论接种与否，玉米植物氮含量、氮吸收量和根系生物量在3种间作模式下均表现为不分隔模式＞尼龙网分隔模式＞塑料布分隔模式，大豆恰恰表现出相反的趋势。与NM处理相比，接种AMF显著提高玉米相对大豆的种间竞争能力和氮营养竞争比率，其中，不分隔模式下，玉米地上部和根系生物量分别增加20.48%和23.50%，玉米地上部和根系氮吸收量分别提高64.20%和37.60%。对于根际土壤碱解氮而言，G.e-不分隔处理显著提高了玉米和大豆植物对土壤有效氮的吸收，而显著降低了其根际土壤碱解氮含量，减少了土壤碱解氮残留。【结论】不同间作模式下的玉米和大豆竞争能力有所不同，但玉米对氮的竞争能力始终大于大豆，且外源AMF也显著提高了玉米相对大豆的种间竞争能力和氮营养竞争比率。表明AMF在调控间作植物间的资源利用和维持农田作物多样性方面具有重要的生态学意义。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 间作模式, 紫色土, 种间竞争, 玉米, 大豆

Abstract: 【Objective】 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) is one of the most important soil beneficial microbe in natural ecosystem. It can effectively promote the nutrition absorption of plants and also regulate the interspecific relative competition ability and nutrition competition ratio between plants by redistributing water and nutritive elements between host plants at the intercropping level. To study the effect of AMF inoculation and different intercropping patterns on the interspecific relative competition ability and nitrogen (N) competition ratio between intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) growing on the purple soil, and provide a scientific basis for the regulation of nutrient resource utilization and competitive effect between crops. 【Method】 A pot experiment with three different intercropping patterns (no separation, nylon net separation, plastic-film separation) and different AMF treatments [no AMF (NM), Glomus etunicatum inoculation (G.e)] was conducted to analyze intercropping plant growth and N nutrition status, which in order to quantify the effects of AMF treatments and intercropping patterns on the interspecific competition ability and N competition ratio between maize and soybean. 【Result】 The results showed that under the same intercropping conditions, maize always had a stronger competitive advantage, soybean showed a competition disadvantage. The interspecific competition ability and N competition ratio between maize and soybean under G.e-no separation treatment both were the highest. Whether AMF inoculation or not, N concentration, N uptake and the root biomass of maize plants were all in the order of no separation pattern nylon net separation pattern plastic-film separation pattern, while soybeans showed an opposite trend. In comparison with NM, AMF inoculation significantly promoted the interspecific competition ability and N competition ratio between maize and soybean, so that shoot and root biomass of maize was increased by 20.48% and 23.33%, respectively, under no separation patterns, and shoots and roots N uptake were also improved by 64.20% and 34.61%, respectively. For soil available N content, G.e-no separation treatment significantly improved N uptake of maize and soybean in intercropping of maize and soybean, and decreased soil available N content, which reduced soil N residue. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, different competitive ability of maize with soybean was different in all intercropping patterns, but maize was always in a stronger competitive advantage than soybean. AMF inoculation also improved the interspecific competition ability and N competition ratio of maize to soybean significantly. These revealed that AMF played an important ecological significance in regulating resource utilization between different plants and maintaining the diversity of the crop plants in farmland.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, intercropping patterns, purple soil, interspecific competition, maize, soybean

赵乾旭，史静，夏运生，张乃明，宁东卫，岳献荣，杨海宏. AMF与隔根对紫色土上玉米||大豆种间氮竞争的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(14): 2696-2705.

ZHAO QianXu, SHI Jing, XIA YunSheng, ZHANG NaiMing, NING DongWei, YUE XianRong, YANG HaiHong. Effect of AMF Inoculation on N Uptake of Interspecific Competition Between Maize and Soybean Growing on the Purple Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14): 2696-2705.

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