中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 314-323.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.11

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响

王鹏勃,李建明,丁娟娟,刘国英,潘铜华,杜清洁,常毅博   

  1. 西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-31 出版日期:2015-01-16 发布日期:2015-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 李建明
  • 作者简介:王鹏勃,E-mail:635043924@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B01)、国家“863”计划(2011AA100504)

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Quality, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato Cultivated by Organic Substrate in Bag

WANG Peng-bo, LI Jian-ming, DING Juan-juan, LIU Guo-ying, PAN Tong-hua, DU Qing-jie, CHANG Yi-bo   

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2014-03-31 Online:2015-01-16 Published:2015-01-16

摘要: 【目的】探讨水分和肥料与温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率关系,为温室袋培番茄的高效生产提供科学依据。【方法】在温室条件下,以番茄品种‘金棚1号’为试材,研究水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量和水分利用效率的影响,同时基于主成分分析方法对番茄品质做多目标综合评价,最后分析不同处理番茄生产的成本和经济收益。【结果】单株施肥量、灌水量以及水肥交互作用对番茄各品质指标影响不同。在相同水分条件下,番茄果实中硝酸盐和可溶性蛋白含量随着肥料浓度的升高而增加,而Vc、番茄红素以及可溶性糖含量却呈现先增加后减少的趋势;在相同肥料浓度下,随着基质含水量的增加番茄果实中硝酸盐、Vc、可溶性蛋白、以及可溶性糖等含量逐渐降低,表现为“稀释效应”,番茄红素的含量则在中水处理下较高;在单株施肥量一定的条件下,其产量随着灌水量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而在单株灌水量一定的条件下,产量随着施肥量的增加同样呈现抛物线趋势,施肥量、灌水量以及水肥交互作用对番茄产量的影响都达到了极显著水平,其影响大小顺序为水分作用>肥料作用>水肥交互作用;在同一施肥水平下,袋式栽培番茄灌溉水分利用效率随着单株灌水量的升高而降低,在同一灌水量水平下,灌溉水分利用效率随着施肥量的增加呈抛物线趋势,施肥量和灌水量作为单一因子对灌溉水分利用效率的影响极显著,且水分作用>肥料作用,而水肥交互作用对水分利用效率的影响不显著;高肥高水处理的净收益最高,为4.98 元/株,与中肥中水处理(4.86 元/株)、高肥中水(4.84 元/株)以及中肥高水(4.80 元/株)之间无显著性差异;而低肥低水处理的净收益为3.33 元/株,显著低于其他处理。【结论】综合考虑品质、产量、水分利用效率、资源节约以及可持续生产等因素,在不显著降低番茄品质和净收益的情况下,选择中肥(5 1470 mg)中水(120 L)处理作为最优水肥组合。

关键词: 番茄, 水肥耦合, 水分利用率, 品质, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aims at discovering the relations of water and fertilizer with the quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the high-efficient production of tomato in greenhouse. 【Method】 Tomato ‘Jinpeng 1’ was used to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag, meanwhile, synthetically evaluated the quality of tomato by principal component analysis and analyzed the cost and profit of different treatments . 【Result】 The results indicated that the content of NO-3-N and soluble protein in tomato fruits increased with the increasing of fertilize under the same irrigation levels, but the content of Vc, lycopene and soluble sugar showed a trend of first increase and then decline. Under the same fertility condition, the content of NO3--N, Vc, soluble protein and soluble sugar gradually reduced with the improvement of substrate moisture, and that lycopene content of AW level was the highest. The yield of tomato cultivated by organic substrate increased as the amounts of water and fertilizer increased, the effects of fertilizer, water and their interactions on yield of tomato were very significant, and the orders of the factors were water, fertilizer, their interactions in turn. The irrigation water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag showed a trend of first increase and then decline with the increasing of irrigation and fertilizer, the effects of fertilizer and water on irrigation water use efficiency were highly significant, while their interactions had no significant influence on irrigation water use efficiency of tomato. The net income of HFHW was the highest and had no significant differences with AFAW, HFAW and AFHW, while the net income of LFLW was substantially below others. 【Conclusion】 Considering the quality, yield, water use efficiency, conserving resources and sustainable production, the AFAW is the optimal choice without degrading much of quality and net income of tomato.

Key words: tomato, water and fertilizer coupling, water use efficiency, quality, yield