不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】氨气是鸡舍中产生的有害气体之一，探讨不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响。【方法】试验在动物营养学国家重点实验室昌平基地的呼吸舱中进行。选择21日龄健康、体重相近(743.6±8.2) g的AA肉公鸡320只，随机分于4个呼吸舱中饲养，一个舱为一个处理，每个处理设4个组内重复，每个重复20只鸡。对照组氨气浓度控制在（3±3）µL·L^-1，3个试验组氨气浓度分别控制在（25±3）、（50±3）、（75±3）µL·L^-1。网上平养，自由采食和饮水。42日龄时试验结束，试验期间记录肉鸡的日采食量和健康状况，分别于肉鸡32日龄和42日龄时按重复称重，计算肉鸡的日增重及饲料转化率，并从每个重复中随机选取3只肉鸡屠宰取样，测定其屠宰性能和肉质性状。【结果】1)在22—32日龄期间，肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量随着氨气浓度的升高呈线性降低(P＜0.05)；当氨气浓度达到50、75µL·L^-1时，肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)；氨气浓度对耗料增重比的影响未达显著水平(P＞0.05)；在此期间，各处理肉鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率等没有表现出显著差异(P＞0.05)。2)在33—42日龄期间，肉鸡的平均日采食量也随着氨气的浓度升高呈线性降低(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比，3个试验组肉鸡的平均日采食量都显著降低(P＜0.05)；氨气浓度对肉鸡平均日增重和耗料增重比的影响未达显著水平(P＞0.05)。3)在整个试验期内（22—42日龄），肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量随着氨气的浓度升高呈线性降低(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比，3个试验组肉鸡的平均日采食量和平均日增重都显著降低(P＜0.05)，而耗料增重比显著提高(P＜0.05)；随着氨气浓度升高，肉鸡腹脂率有升高的趋势，其中75µL·L^-1氨气处理的肉鸡腹脂率显著高于对照组肉鸡的腹脂率(P＜0.05)。在整个试验期内，氨气浓度对肉鸡胸肌pH(24 h后)、肉色的影响都未达显著水平(P＞0.05)，但对胸肌的滴水损失产生了明显的影响，与对照组相比，3个试验组肉鸡胸肌的滴水损失都显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】鸡舍内氨气浓度达到25µL·L^-1时即会影响肉鸡的生长性能及肉质性状，且随着氨气浓度的增加，这种影响加剧，暴露在高浓度氨气中的肉鸡，其腹脂率、胸肌滴水损失率增加。建议鸡舍内氨气浓度应控制在25µL·L^-1以内。

关键词: 氨气浓度, 肉鸡, 生产性能, 屠宰性能, 肉质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the influence of ammonia concentration on growth performance and meat quality of broilers.【Method】The experiment was conducted in four chambers of the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition. Three hundred and twenty 21-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar initial body weight were divided randomly into 4 groups for different treatments, with 4 replicates in each group and 20 broilers for each replicate. Each treatment of broilers was placed in a separated, environmentally controlled chamber, and ammonia concentrations in the four chambers were metered continuously to maintain at (3±3), (25±3), (50±3) and (75±3) µL·L^-1, respectively. The broilers were net-rearing and provided ad libitum access to water and diets. The experiment lasted for three weeks. Broilers’ feed intake and health status were recorded, broilers were weighed according to replicate to get the growth performance at the age of 32 and 42 days, at the same time, three broilers were selected and slaughtered from each replicate to measure slaughter performance and meat quality.【Result】 During the age from 22 to 32 days, when ammonia concentration was at 50, 75µL·L^-1, ADG and ADFI of broilers were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P＜0.05); ammonia concentration did not significantly affect F/G of broilers(P＞0.05). During this period, ammonia concentration did not significantly affect the dressing percentage, eviscerated carcass percentage and half-eviscerated carcass percentage of broilers (P＞0.05). During the age from 33 to 42 days, compared with the control group, ADFI of broilers was significantly decreased when ammonia concentration was 25-75 µL·L^-1 (P＜0.05); ammonia concentration did not significantly affect ADG and F/G of broilers (P＞0.05). During the whole experiment period, compared with the control groups, ADG and ADFI of broilers in all three experiment group had a significantly decrease(P＜0.05), F/G of broilers was significant increased(P＜0.05); abdominal fat percentage of broilers had a trend of rising with the increase of ammonia concentration. Compared with the control group, when ammonia concentration was at 75µL·L^-1, abdominal fat percentage of broilers was significantly improved(P＜0.05); ammonia concentration did not significantly affect the breast meat pH(after 24 h),color L* value, color a* value and color b* value (P＞0.05). Compared with the control groups, drip loss rate of breast meat in all three experiment group had a significant increase (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】These results indicate that ammonia concentration at 25µL·L^-1 in chamber can inhibit the growth performance and meat quality of broilers, and with the increase of ammonia concentration, the influence become worse, abdominal fat percentage and drip loss rate of breast meat of broilers can be significantly improved when they are under the high ammonia concentration conditions, so, by integrating the foregoing study outcomes, the author suggested that ammonia concentration in chamber should be controlled within 25µL·L^-1.

Key words: ammonia concentration, broiler, growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality

李聪，卢庆萍，唐湘方，张继泽，丁泽民，张宏福. 不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4516-4523.

LI Cong, LU Qing-ping, TANG Xiang-fang, ZHANG Ji-ze, DING Ze-min, ZHANG Hong-fu. Influence of Ammonia Concentration on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4516-4523.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.017

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2014/V47/I22/4516

参考文献

[1] Whyte R T. Aerial pollutants and the health of poultry farmers. World's Poultry Science Journal, 1993, 49(02): 139-156.

[2] Miller W W, Maslin W R, Olanrewaju H A,Thaxton J P， Dozier III W A，Purswell J，Branton S L. Interactive effects of ammonia and light intensity on ocular, fear and leg health in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(10): 762-769.

[3] Kristensen H H, Wathes C M. Ammonia and poultry welfare: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 2000, 56(03): 235-245.

[4] Anderson D P, Beard C W, Hanson R P. The adverse effects of ammonia on chickens including resistance to infection with Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases, 1964, 8:369-379.

[5] 焦洪超, 张洪芳, 林海. 铝盐对鸡粪中氨气释放的影响及其机理研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2009, 40(4): 522- 527.

Jiao H C, Zhang H F, Lin H. Effect of aluminum salt on ammonia release from poultry litter. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2009, 40(4): 522-527. (in Chinese)

[6] Miles D M, Branton S L, Lott B D. Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers. Poultry Science, 2004, 83: 1650- 1654.

[7] Charles D R, Payne C G. The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens:II. Effects on the performance of laying hens. Poultry Science, 1966, 7(3): 189-198.

[8] Beker A, Vanhouser S L, Swartzlander J H. Atmospheric ammonia concentration effects on broiler growth and performance. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2004,13:5-9.

[9] Yahav S. Domestic fowl–strategies to con-front environmental conditions. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews, 2000, (11):81-95.

[10] 阮剑均, 宦海琳, 闫俊书, 赵颖, 杜银峰, 田光洪, 贾代汉, 薛永峰, 周维仁. 米糠毛油对肉鸡肌肉品质、脂肪酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(9): 1976-1988.

Ruan J J, Huan H L, Yan J S, Zhao Y, Du Y F, Tian H G, Jia D H, Xue Y F, Zhou W R. Crude RiBran oil:effects on meat quality, fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of broilers.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutririon, 2013, 25(9):1976-1988. (in Chinese)

[11] kling H F, Quarles C L. Effects of atmospheric ammonia and the stress of infectious bronchitis vaccination on Leghorn males. Poultry Science, 1974, 53: 1161-1165.

[12] Reece F N, Lott B D, Deaton J W. Low concentrations of ammonia during brooding decrease broiler weight. Poultry Science, 1981, 60:937-940.

[13] 胡骁飞, 呙于明. 生理应激对肉仔鸡胴体品质及肌肉品质影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2010, 15(2):71-76.

Hu X F, Guo Y M. Effect of physiological stress on carcass quality and meat quality of broiler chi ckens. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2010, 15(2):71-76. (in Chinese)

[14] Quarles C L, Kling H F. Evaluation of ammonia and infectious bronchitis vaccination stress on broiler performance and carcass quality. Poultry Science, 1974, 53: 1592-1596.

[15] 魏凤仙. 湿度和氨暴露诱导的慢性应激对肉仔鸡生产性能、肉品质、生理机能的影响及其调控机制[D]. 杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2012.

Wei F X. Effects of exposure to humidity and ammonia-induced chronic stress on growth performance, meat quality, physiological function in broilers and its regulating mechanism[D]. Yangling： Northwest A&F University, 2012. (in Chinese)

[16] Ritz C W, Fairchild B D, Lacy M P. Implications of ammonia production and emissions from commercial poultry facilities: A review. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2004, 13(4): 684-692.

[17] 卢庆萍, 文杰, 张宏福. 环境高温对两品种肉鸡生长、胴体性状及脂肪沉积的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2008, 39(6):827-831.

Lu Q P, Wen J, Zhang H F. Effects of high ambient temperature on performance, carcass traits and fat deposition in two breeds of broiler. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2008, 39(6): 827-831. (in Chinese)

[18] 李东卫, 卢庆萍, 白水莉, 张宏福. 模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(2): 322-326.

Li D W, Lu Q P, Bai S L, Zhang H F. Effects of ammonia concentration in poultry house on growth performance and conventional behavior of broilers under simulated conditions. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutririon, 2012, 24(2): 322-326. (in Chinese)

[19] Olanrewaju H A, Thaxton J P, Dozier W A. Interactive effects of ammonia and light intensity on hematochemical variables in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 2008, 87:1407-1414.

[20] Mashaly M M, Hendricks G L, Kalama M A. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poultry Science, 2004, 83(6):890-894.

[21] Bobermin L D, Quincozes-Santos A, Guerra M C, Leite M C, Souza D O, Gonçalves C A, Gottfried C. Resveratrol prevents ammonia toxicity in astroglial cells. PloS One, 2012, 7(12): e52164.

[22] Geraert P A, Padilha J C F, Guillaumin S. Metabolic and endocrine changes induced by chronic heat exposure in broiler chickens: growth performance,body composition and energy retention. British Journal of Nutrition, 1996, 75(2):195-204.

[23] Peric L, Milosevic N, Zikic D. Effect of selenium sources on performance and meat characteristics of broiler chickens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2009, 18(3): 403-409.

[24] Sackettb A M, Fronting G W, Deshazer J A. Effect of gaseous preslaughter environment on chicken broiler meat quality. Poultry Science, 1986, 65(3):511-519.

[25] Sandercock D A, Hunter R R, Nute G R. Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status an skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages Implications for meat quality. Poultry Science, 2001, 80:418-425.

[26] 张玉伟, 罗海玲, 贾慧娜, 常彦飞，矫丽娟，陈勇. 肌肉系水力的影响因素及其可能机制. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(8): 1389-1396.

Zhang Y W, Luo H L, Jia H N, Chang Y F, Jiao L J, Chen Y. Effect factors of water holding capacity of meats and its potential mechanism. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutririon, 2012, 24(8):1389-1396. (in Chinese)