外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (20): 3962-3972.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.004

外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫

赵莹, 杨克军, 赵长江, 李佐同, 王玉凤, 付健, 郭亮, 李文胜

黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省教育厅寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室，黑龙江大庆 163319

收稿日期:2013-11-25 修回日期:2014-02-17 出版日期:2014-10-16 发布日期:2014-10-16
通讯作者: 杨克军，Tel：0459-6819170；E-mail：byndykj@163.com。李佐同，Tel：0459-6819001；E-mail：lxg6401999@163.com
作者简介:赵莹，Tel：0459-6819181；E-mail：tianshi198937@126.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划（2013BAD07B01）、“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划（2011BAD16B1103）、黑龙江省科技厅重点科技攻关项目（GZ11B107）、黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划（GZ13B018）、教育部博士学科点博导类专项科研基金（20122305110001）、黑龙江省自然科学基金（C201324）、黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新项目（YJSCX2013-03BYND）

Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Regulating Photosynthetic System and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings

Zhao Ying, Yang Ke-jun, Zhao Chang-jiang, Li Zuo-tong, Wang Yu-feng, Fu Jian, Guo Liang, Li Wen-shen

College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Education Department, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang

Received:2013-11-25 Revised:2014-02-17 Online:2014-10-16 Published:2014-10-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示外源单糖葡萄糖（Glc）和双糖蔗糖（Suc）对中性氯化钠盐胁迫玉米幼苗生长发育及其生理生化机制，以及两种类型糖在缓解玉米盐胁迫的作用效果。【方法】以自主选育的玉米品种垦玉6号为材料，在植物生长室采用1/2 Hoagland营养液培养玉米幼苗。玉米培养至两叶一心时分别采用0.5 mmol·L^-1 Glc和Suc预处理3 d，以1/2 Hoagland营养液为空白对照，以等浓度甘露醇为渗透对照；然后，采用150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl（1/2 Hoagland营养液配制）对玉米幼苗进行盐胁迫处理4—6 d，以相应糖预处理和空白处理玉米的非盐胁迫为对照。于处理第4天取第2片全展叶进行玉米光合相关和抗氧化等各项生理生化指标测定；于处理第6天进行株高、根长和干重测定；同时于处理第2、4、6天采用Li-6400XTR光合仪测定光合参数的动态变化。【结果】与空白未处理对照相比，Glc和Suc预处理导致玉米幼苗根长、干重和叶片含水量增加，但是显著提高玉米幼苗株高，分别增高了6.39%和4.86%，并维持叶片较高的净光合速率（P_n），其它供试生理生化指标变化不显著；同时，盐胁迫可明显抑制玉米幼苗生长，盐处理6 d株高和根长降低了16.37%和12.17%，地上部及地下部干重分别降低了20.69%和25.00%。盐处理导致玉米叶片中硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量显著增多，抗氧化酶的活性显著降低，叶片P_n、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、Hill反应活性, 原初光能转换效率（F_v/F_m）、光合色素含量显著下降, 其中胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）随着胁迫时间的延长呈先下降后上升的趋势；重要的是, 外源Glc和Suc预处理可显著促进盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和干物质积累, 其中Glc预处理的玉米株高、根长、地上和地下干重较S处理分别增加6.12%、4.49%、15.65%、18.52%, Suc预处理分别增加7.34%、4.87%、17.39%、22.22%。外源Glc和Suc预处理能有效改善玉米幼苗的光合作用, 显著减缓盐胁迫下玉米叶片P_n、T_r、G_s、F_v/F_m的下降速度, 缓解C_i的升降速度，提高叶片Hill反应活性，增加叶片持水量和光合色素的含量。同时，Glc和Suc预处理还显著减少盐胁迫下玉米叶片中硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量，提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）的活性，其中，Suc预处理在清除H₂O₂及提高叶片Hill反应活性两方面均显著高于Glc。此外，与空白盐胁迫处理相比，除引起玉米叶片Hill反应和叶绿素a（Chl a）的显著变化外，采用等渗的甘露醇预处理玉米幼苗其供试生理生化指标未发生显著改善，亦未能引起供试生物学指标的显著改善。【结论】正常生长条件下，Glc和Suc处理可通过维持叶片较高的P_n，促进玉米幼苗地上部分生长；盐胁迫条件下，外源Glc和Suc不仅维持玉米幼苗较高P_n，而且通过增强光合膜系统稳定性、增加光合色素含量、提高PSII反应活性、改善玉米叶片气孔开放及碳同化能力等生理生化机制提高玉米幼苗的耐盐性。

关键词: 玉米, 葡萄糖, 蔗糖, 盐胁迫, 光合作用

Abstract: 【Objective】This study aims at exploring and comparing the effects of exogenous monosaccharide glucose (Glc) and disaccharides sucrose (Suc) on growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms in maize seedlings under neutral sodium salt stress.【Method】The university bred maize (Zea Mays L.) variety Kenyu No.6 was used in this study and was cultivated in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution in plant growth chamber. Seedlings at two-leaf stage were pretreated by 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0.5 mmol·L^-1 Glc, Suc and mannitol for 3 days, seedlings left in normal nutrient solution and isotonic maninitol were used as control and permeability control, respectively. Then the plants were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland solution with NaCl concentration at 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 4 days or 6 days. After 4 days of salt treatment, the full expanded 2rd leaves were used to exam physiological and biochemical indicators related to photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism. After 6 days of salt stress treatment, maize samples were used for measuring plant height, root length and dry weight. The Li-6400XTR photosynthetic apparatus was applied for the determination of dynamic photosynthetic parameters on day 2, 4, and 6 of salt stress.【Result】Compared with the control, Glc and Suc pretreatment increased root length, dry matter and leaf relative water content, significantly increased plant height by 6.39% and 4.86%, respectively, and maintained higher net photosynthetic rate (P_n). There were no significant differences in other physiological and biochemical indicators between sugar pretreatment and control. Meanwhile, salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of maize seedlings. The height and root length of seedlings under salt treatment for 6 days decreased by 16.37% and 12.17%, and the aboveground and underground dry weight decreased by 20.69% and 25.00%. The antioxidative enzyme activities were decreased and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was increased under salt treatment. In addition, salt stress also significantly induced the decreases in P_n, stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), Hill reaction activity, intrinsic photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), photosynthetic pigment contents, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was firstly increased and then decreased with the extension of treatment time. However, exogenous Glc and Suc showed a significant reversal of salt stress on growth and accumulation of dry matter in maize seedlings. Plant height, root length, aboveground and underground dry weight of seedlings under Glc pretreatment were 6.12%, 4.49%, 15.65% and 4.49% higher than those under salt treatment, and those with Suc pretreatment increased by 7.34%, 4.87%, 17.39% and 7.34%, respectively. Glc and Suc pretreatments also alleviated the decreases of P_n, G_s, T_r and F_v/F_m, increased the Hill reactivity, relative water content and photosynthetic pigment contents due to salt stress. Moreover, the SOD, APX, and GPX activities in leaves of maize seedlings were increased markedly with sugar pretreatment, thus decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H₂O₂contents. The effects of Suc pretreatment on removing H₂O₂ and improving Hill reactivity were better than Glc pretreatment. In addition, compared with salt treatment, mannitol pretreatment failed to induce any changes of the physiological and biochemical indicators, except to Hill reaction and chlorophyll a. In other words, mannitol pretreatment did not result in improvement of biological indicators of maize seedlings.【Conclusion】These results indicated that Glc and Sucpretreatments could promote the growth of aerial parts of maize seedlings by maintaining high P_n of leaves under normal environment. The sugar-induced salt stress resistance was associated with improved P_n in leaves, enhanced photosynthetic membrane system stability and photosynthetic pigment contents, activated the activity of PSII reaction, and improved the degree of stomatal opening, and carbon assimilation ability.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), glucose, sucrose, salt stress, photosynthesis

赵莹, 杨克军, 赵长江, 李佐同, 王玉凤, 付健, 郭亮, 李文胜. 外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(20): 3962-3972.

ZHAO Ying, YANG Ke-jun, ZHAO Chang-jiang, LI Zuo-tong, WANG Yu-feng, FU Jian, GUO Liang, LI Wen-sheng. Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Regulating Photosynthetic System and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 3962-3972.

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外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫

Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Regulating Photosynthetic System and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings

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