不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶仔猪血清代谢产物和肝肾组织病理学影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的】玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone, ZEA）是由谷物及其产品滋生禾谷镰刀菌产生的一种具有雌激素活性的真菌毒素。试验研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮对断奶仔猪血清代谢产物、肝肾组织病理学和肝脏超微结构的影响。【方法】将20头健康三元（斯格×长×大）杂交断奶母猪（10.36±1.21）kg按照体重随机分为4个处理，仔猪采用试验笼单独饲养。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验1、2和3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加ZEA 1.1、2.0和3.2 mg·kg^-1。预饲期7 d，正式期18 d。试验结束后，对仔猪禁食12 h后进行前腔静脉空腹采血，分离血清,待测血清代谢产物含量。采血后，仔猪电击致死放血屠宰，切取肝脏和肾脏组织块迅速固定于10%的福尔马林溶液，待做组织切片检测。切取0.5 mm³大小的肝脏组织块，迅速用2.5%戊二醛磷酸盐缓冲液固定，待做电镜切片进行超微结构观察。【结果】与对照组相比，3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA处理组仔猪血清胆红素显著高于对照仔猪（P＜0.05），而血清球蛋白和甘油三酯则显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。随日粮ZEA水平的增加，血清球蛋白和甘油三酯呈一次线性降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，1.1、2.0和3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA处理组肝细胞肿胀，颗粒变性。与对照组相比，2.0 和3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA处理组肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性，管腔变窄，有些管腔内充满大量透明底状物或蛋白尿。2.0和3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA处理组肝细胞膜上可见自噬体和嗜中性白细胞。【结论】2.0 mg·kg^-1的ZEA足以诱导仔猪的肝肾毒性，此结果对人类健康和指导动物生产具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 仔猪, 玉米赤霉烯酮, 血清代谢产物, 肝肾组织病理学, 超微结构

Abstract: 【Objective】Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of estrogenic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium fungigrowing on grains and their derived products. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of ZEA on serum metabolite, histopathology of liver and kidney and liver ultrastructure in weaned piglets.【Method】A total of twenty healthy weaned gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of (10.36 ± 1.21) kg (mean ± SD) were used in the study. Gilts were randomly allocated into 4 treatments according to body weight and fed individually in a metabolic cage for 18 days after 7-d adaptation. Piglets were fed a basal diet only (control) or basal diet supplemented with ZEA at a dietary concentration of 1.1, 2.0 or 3.2 mg·kg^-1. Piglets were fasted for 12 h at the end of the experimental period. After the collection of blood samples, piglets were immediately killed by electrocution and livers and kidneys were isolated. Samples of livers and kidneys from each pig were quickly collected, one portion was fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathology evaluation, the second cutted into 0.5 mm³ was fixed in 2.5% polyoxymethylene-glutaraldehyde for ultrastructure analysis. 【Result】Results showed that piglets fed diets containing 3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA had increased serum bilirubin and decreased serum levels of globulin and triglyceride compared with the control (P＜0.05). Increasing dietary ZEA linearly decreased serum levels of globulin and triglyceride (P＜0.05). Liver sections from piglets treated with 1.1, 2.0 and 3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA showed hepatocyte swelling and granular degeneration compared with control. Histological examination of kidney in piglets fed 2.0 and 3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA revealed the degeneration and swelling in renal tubular epithelial cells and smaller lumina, and some renal tubules were filled with a large number of transparent bottom or proteinuria. Cytophagosome and leucocyte neutrophil were observed in the 2.0 and 3.2 mg·kg^-1 ZEA treatments. 【Conclusion】The above findings indicated that ZEA at level of 2.0 mg·kg^-1 was sufficient to induce hepatorenal toxicity of piglets, which may have implications for human health and animals production consuming ZEA-contaminated food or feed.

Key words: piglets, zearalenone, serum metabolite, hepatorenal histopathology, ultrastructure

姜淑贞，孙华，黄丽波，杨在宾，王淑静，刘法孝，F. Chi. 不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶仔猪血清代谢产物和肝肾组织病理学影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(18): 3708-3715.

JIANG Shu-zhen, SUN Hua, HUANG Li-bo, YANG Zai-bin, WANG Shu-jing, LIU Fa-xiao, F. Chi. Effects of Zearalenone Contaminated Diets on Serum Metabolite and Histopathology of Liver and Kidney in Weaned Piglets[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(18): 3708-3715.

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