中链脂肪酸抗菌和诱导防御肽表达的功能及其在仔猪饲料中的应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年,越来越多的研究表明,中链脂肪酸（MCFAs）抵抗病原菌是哺乳动物先天防御系统的重要组成部分,而且MCFAs也能够诱导人、猪和鸡内源性防御肽的表达,MCFAs的这些新功能尚未引起重视。MCFAs还和饲用有机酸或饲用植物精油具有协同抗菌增效作用,可以减少这些活性物质的使用量。相比于长链脂肪酸,日粮中添加MCFAs能显著地提高动物机体内氧气消耗量和线粒体呼吸速率,但产生活性氧自由基少,特别适合幼龄动物肠代谢和肝代谢所需的快速能量供应特点。日粮添加低浓度MCFAs（0.1%—0.5%,质量比）能显著提高新生或断奶仔猪存活率、粗蛋白粗脂肪消化率、饲料转化率,调节肠道菌群和改善肠上皮结构,进而促进生长。基于MCFAs的上述功能,将MCFAs与饲用有机酸或植物精油复配制备成微囊颗粒,可能是其用于仔猪抗生素替代品的尚佳方式。

关键词: 中链脂肪酸, 先天防御系统, 协同抗菌, 防御肽, 仔猪

Abstract:

In recent years, more and more studies have shown that medium-chain fatty acid (MCFAs) resistance to pathogenic bacteria is an important component of innate defense system of mammals, and MCFAs can also induce expressions of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) in human, pig and chicken. However, these new functions of MCFAs have not attracted much attention. MCFAs also have a synergistic antibacterial synergistic effect with feeding organic acids or feeding plant essential oils, which can reduce the use of these active substances. In addition, compared with long-chain fatty acids, the addition of MCFAs in the diet can significantly increase the oxygen consumption and mitochondrial respiration rate in the body of animals, but it produces less reactive oxygen species, which is in line with the characteristics of rapid energy supply required by intestinal metabolism and liver metabolism in young animals. Adding low concentration of MCFAs (0.1%-0.5%, mass ratio) to the diet can significantly increase the survival rate of newborn or weaned piglets, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat as well as the feed conversion rate, regulate the intestinal flora, and improve the intestinal epithelial structure, thus promoting the growth of animals. Based on the above advantages of MCFAs, mixing MCFAs with forage organic acid or plant essential oil to prepare coated particles may be a good way to use it as a substitute for antibiotics in piglets.

Key words: medium chain fatty acid, innate defense system, host defense peptide, synergistic antibiotics, piglets

喻正旺,周忠新. 中链脂肪酸抗菌和诱导防御肽表达的功能及其在仔猪饲料中的应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(13): 2895-2905.

YU ZhengWang,ZHOU ZhongXin. Functions of Antibacterial and Inducing Defense Peptide Expression of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid and Its Application in Piglet Feeds[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2895-2905.

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图/表 1

表1

基础仔猪日粮中添加一定浓度的中链脂肪酸对仔猪生产性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道微生物及结构和仔猪死亡率的影响"

添加浓度和形式 Concentration and form	生长性能 Growth performance	营养物质表观消化率 The apparent digestibility of nutrients	肠道菌群及结构 Intestinal flora and structure	仔猪死亡率 Piglet mortality	参考文献 References
8％中链脂肪酸（60％辛酸 + 40％葵酸） 8% MCFA (60% Caprylic acid + 40% Decanoic acid)	饲料转化效率升高 Feed conversion efficiency decreased	能量和氨基酸消化率提高（P>0.05） The digestibility of energy and amino was improved. (P >0.05)	——	——	[84]
0.2％中链脂肪酸（辛酸或葵酸或辛酸 +葵酸） 0.2% MCFA (Caprylic acid or Decanoic acid or Caprylic acid + Decanoic acid)	平均日增重显著增加（P<0.01）;饲料转化效率提高（P>0.05） The ADG was increased significantly (P<0.01) and the FCR was improved (P>0.05)	粗蛋白（P<0.0.1）和粗纤维（P<0.05）消化率显著提高 The digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber increased significantly. Crude protein (P<0.0.1); Crude fiber (P<0.05)	产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著降低(P<0.01);绒毛高度和隐窝深度增加,葵酸组达到显著（P<0.01） The number of clostridium perfringens was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The height of villi and the depth of crypt was increased, the Decanoic acid group reached a significant level	死亡率下降8.2%-11.3% Mortality was reduced by 9.1% to 18.7%	[80]
0.1％微囊化的桉树中链脂肪酸（桉树油+ 辛酸+ 葵酸） 0.1% E-MCFA (Eucalyptus oil + Caprylic acid + Decanoic acid)	平均日增重和平均日采食量显著增加（P<0.05） ADG and ADFI were significantly increased (P<0.05)	蛋白质、钙、磷和氨基酸的消化率显著增加（P<0.05） The digestibility of protein, calcium, phosphorus and amino acids was increased significantly (P<0.05)	——	——	[81]
0.2％中链脂肪酸（辛酸或葵酸）+ 0.5％酸化剂（甲酸+丙酸） 0.2% MCFA (Caprylic acid or Decanoic acid) + 0.5% acidifier (Formic acid + Propionic acid)	体重和平均日增重显著增加（P<0.05）;饲料转化效率升高,在35-56d差异显著（P<0.5） The BW and the ADG were increased significantly. (P<0.05) FCR increased, and the difference was significant from 35 to 56d (P<0.5)	蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的消化率显著提高（P<0.05） The digestibility of protein, fat and crude fiber was significantly improved (P<0.05)	产气荚膜梭菌数量降低;绒毛高度显著增加（P<0.05） The number of clostridium perfringens and the height of villi were significantly increased (P <0.05)	——	[82]
0.2％中链脂肪酸（辛酸或葵酸）+ 0.5％酸化剂（甲酸+丙酸） 0.2% MCFA(Caprylic acid or Decanoic acid) + 0.5% acidifier (Formic acid + Propionic acid)	体重和平均日增重显著增加（P< 0.05）;饲料转化效率升高,在35-56d差异显著（P<0.5） The BW and the ADG were increased significantly. (P<0.05) FCR increased, and the difference was significant from 35 to 56d (P<0.5).	蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的消化率显著提高（P<0.05） The digestibility of protein, fat and crude fiber was significantly improved (P<0.05)	产气荚膜梭菌数量降低;绒毛高度显著增加（P<0.05） The number of clostridium perfringens and the height of villi were significantly increased. (P<0.05)	——	[82]
0.3％混合物（MCFA +甲酸钙+乳酸钙+柠檬酸） 0.3% mixture (MCFA + Calcium formate +Calcium lactate + Citric acid)	平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);平均日增重,饲料转化效率增加(P>0.05) The ADFI was increased significantly (P<0.05), the ADG and the FCR were increased. (P>0.05).	氨基酸利用率显著提高(P<0.01) The amino acid utilization rate was improved significantly (P<0.01)	直肠和回肠中乳酸杆菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05) The number of lactobacillus in the rectum and ileum significantly increased (P<0.05)	——	[83]
0.2％MCFA（己酸+辛酸+葵酸+月桂酸）+0.01％粪肠球菌 0.2%MCFA (Caproic acid + Octanoic acid + Decanoic acid + Lauric acid) + 0.01% Enterococcus faecalis	平均日增重和饲料转化效率显著提高（P<0.05）。 The ADG and FCR were significantly improved (P<0.05).	干物质、氮、能量的消化率提高（P>0.05） The digestibility of DM, nitrogen, and energy was increased	对肠道菌群没有影响 No effect on intestinal flora.	——	[85]
0.3％葵酸（或辛酸）+饲料粪肠球菌(0.35×10⁹CFU/kg饲料) 0.3% Decanoic Acid (or Capric acid) + Enterococcus faecalis（0.35×10⁹CFU/kg feed）	体重和平均日增重显著提高;葵酸（P<0.01）;辛酸（P<0.05）。 The BW and ADG were significantly improved. Maleic acid (P<0.01); Poignancy (P<0.05).	——	盲肠和空肠中大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量显著降低（P< 0.05）; 十二指肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著增加（P<0.01） The numbers of E. coli and Clostridium perfringens in cecum and jejunum were significantly reduced. (P<0.05)The villi height and crypt depth of duodenum were significantly increased (P<0.01)	死亡率下降 2.2%-4.5% Mortality was reduced by 2.2% to 4.5%	[79]
0.5%的中链脂肪酸（己酸或辛酸或葵酸） 0.5% MCFA(Caproic acid or Caprylic acid or Decanoic acid)	平均日增重和饲料转化效率提高;葵酸（P<0.05）;己酸和辛酸组（P>0.05） The ADG and FCR were increased. Keiroic acid (P<0.01); Caproic acid or Caprylic acid (P>0.05)	——	1.5%MCFA混合物对肠道菌群没有影响 The 1.5% MCFA mixture had no effect on intestinal flora.	——	[86]

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