幼苗期大豆根系性状的遗传分析与QTL检测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究幼苗期大豆根系性状的遗传规律并进行QTL定位，推进大豆品种选育进程。【方法】以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本，半野生大豆灰布支黑豆（ZDD2315）为父本及其所衍生的447个RIL作为供试群体，取亲本及447个家系各30粒种子，用灭菌纸包裹后分别于2013年5月27日、6月28日放置在清水培育，每组试验设置3次重复，环境温度20—28℃，幼苗长到V2期，分别于2013年6月8日、7月8日对幼苗期相关根部性状数据进行测量。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法和复合区间作图法，对大豆幼苗期根系性状进行遗传分析和QTL定位。定位所用图谱全长2 047.6 cM，包括27个连锁群，232个标记位点。【结果】主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积和茎叶重各形状之间均呈现极显著正相关；下胚轴长和下胚轴重表现极显著正相关，与茎叶重表现出显著正相关。主根长受3对等效主基因控制，侧根数受2对重叠作用主基因控制，根重和根体积受4对等效主基因控制，下胚轴长受4对加性主基因控制，下胚轴重受4对加性-加性×加性上位性主基因控制，以上性状均没有检测到多基因效应。茎叶重受加性多基因控制，没有检测到主基因效应。共检测到24个与主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积、茎叶重、下胚轴长和下胚轴重相关的QTL，分别位于A1、A2、B1、B2、C2、D1b、F_1、G、H_1、H_2、I、K_2、L、M、N和O连锁群上。其中，主根长共检测到5个QTL，分布在B1、L、N、O连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.05%—13.18%。侧根数共检测到4个QTL，分布在A1、D1b、I、L连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为8.21%—16.43%。根重共检测到3个QTL，分布在F_1、G、N连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.55%—10.85%。根体积，5月27日试验结果，共检测到3个QTL，分布在K_2和M连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为8.44%-12.39%。6月28日试验结果，没有定位出主效QTL。茎叶重共检测到5个QTL，分布在A1、A2和N连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为11.43%-38.91%。其中，qSW1-a2-1、qSW2-a2-1和qSW2-a2-1均定位在A2染色体上。下胚轴长，5月27日试验结果，共检测到1个QTL，分布在H_1连锁群上，表型贡献率为7.86%。6月28日试验结果，没有定位出主效QTL。下胚轴重共检测到3个QTL，分布在B2、C2、H_2连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.70%—12.48%。【结论】幼苗期根系性状的遗传机制较复杂，茎叶重受多基因控制，其余性状主要受主基因控制。抗逆品种根系从幼苗期根系生长就表现出发根早、生长快、主根长、侧根多等特点，在实际育种过程中，需要对根系各性状间的关系进行综合考虑，确保根系整体健壮发达，协调统一。

关键词: 大豆 , 根系性状 , 幼苗期 , 遗传 , QTL

Abstract: 【Objective】 Roots provide nutrition and affect crop yields. Root traits are believed to be complex and controlled by many genes, which show stability in different environments and present higher heritability. Study of such traits by QTL mapping of roots at seedling stage is needed for effective heredity breeding in soybean. The map spanned 2 047.6 cM across 27 linkage groups that contained 232 markers. 【Method】 With the methods of segregation analysis on the major-polygene mixed inheritance and composite interval mapping, a soybean SSR genetic linkage map constructed by a total of 447 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Jindou 23 (cultivar, female parent) and Huibuzhiheidou (semi-wild; male parent, ZDD2315) were used to analyze and identify the QTLs of root traits during seedling stage in soybean. Thirty seeds from each of the RILs and their parents were covered with pasteurized paper, and cultivated in clean water at 20-28℃ on 27 May, 2013, and the experiment was finished on 28 June, 2013. A complete random design with three replications was used. Root traits were measured on 8 June and 8 July at V2 stage.【Result】This grouping was supported by significant positive correlations among MRL, LRN, RW, RV and SW. There were highly significant positive correlations between HL and HW, and HL and SW. Root traits showed mutual influence and restriction, laying a foundation for selection of phenotypic traits. The inheritance analysis showed that the length of main root was controlled by three pairs of equivalent major genes; the number of lateral roots was controlled by two pairs of major genes; the weight and volume of root were controlled by four pairs of major genes; the length of hypocotyl was controlled by four pairs of additive major genes; the weight of hypocotyl was controlled by four pairs additive-additive × additive epistatic major genes. The polygene effect wasn’t found in all above root traits. The weights of leaf and stems were controlled by additive genes, but didn’t find major gene effects. Twenty-four QTLs associated with length of main root, number of lateral root, volume of root, weight of leaf and stems, length of hypocotyl and weight of hypocotyl were mapped on A1, A2, B1, B2, C2, D1b, F_1, G, H_1, H_2, I, K_2, L, M, N and O linkage groups respectively. Five QTLs for MRL were identified on linkage groups B1, L, N and O, respectively. The variation accounted for by each of these five QTLs ranged from 7.05% to 13.18%. Four QTLs for LRN were identified on linkage groups A1, D1b, I and L. The phenotype variation accounted for by each of these four QTLs ranged from 8.21% to 16.43%. Three QTLs for RW were identified on linkage groups F_1, G and N, respectively; the phenotype variation accounted for by each of these three QTLs ranged from 7.55% to 10.85%. Three QTLs for RV were identified on linkage groups K_2 and M based on the data from 27 May. The phenotype variation accounted for by each of these three QTLs ranged from 8.44% to 12.39%, but the main QTL was not detected in the experiment on 28 June. Five QTLs for SW were identified on linkage groups A1, A2 and N. They accounted for phenotype variation ranging from 11.43% to 38.91%. qSW1-a2-1, qSW2-a2-1 and qSW2-a2-1 were all located on chromosome A2. Based on the data for HL on 27 May, the QTL was located in linkage group H_1. It explained 7.86% of the phenotype variation, but the main QTL was not found on 28 June. Three QTLs for HW were identified on linkage groups B2, C2 and H_2. They accounted for phenotype variation ranging from 7.70% to 12.48%.【Conclusion】The inheritance control of root traits is very complicated. Root traits have complex genetic mechanisms at the seedling stage. This study has provided a foundation for further research on root genetic regulation and molecular breeding with emphasis on correlations among root traits to ensure robust root growth and well-developed root systems.

Key words: soybean , root traits , seedling stage , genetic , QTL

梁慧珍1, 余永亮1, 杨红旗1, 张海洋1, 董薇1, 崔暐文1, 巩鹏涛2, 方宣钧3. 幼苗期大豆根系性状的遗传分析与QTL检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(9): 1681-1691.

LIANG Hui-Zhen-1, YU Yong-Liang-1, YANG Hong-Qi-1, ZHANG Hai-Yang-1, DONG Wei-1, CUI Wei-Wen-1, GONG Peng-Tao-2, FANG Xuan-Jun-3. Genetic and QTL Analysis of Root Traits at Seedling Stage in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.][J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(9): 1681-1691.

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