中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1670-1680.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.09.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦雄性不育系绒毡层异常代谢与小孢子败育的关系

 张鹏飞, 宋瑜龙, 张改生, 赵新亮, 巴青松, 刘红占, 祝万万, 李志宽, 王军卫, 牛娜   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院/国家杨凌农业生物技术育种中心/国家小麦改良中心杨凌分中心/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心/陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-20 出版日期:2014-05-01 发布日期:2014-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 张改生,Tel:029-87092058;E-mail:zhanggsh58@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:张鹏飞,E-mail:zpf245@126.com。宋瑜龙,E-mail:sylbl1986@163.com。张鹏飞和宋瑜龙为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:

    国家“863”计划重大专项(2011AA10A106)、国家自然科学基金项目(31071477,31171611,31371697)、陕西省“13115”科技创新工程重大科技专项(2010ZDKG-68)

Relationship Between Microspore Abortion of CMS Lines Associated with Nutrient Metabolism Disorder in Tapetal of Anther in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

 ZHANG  Peng-Fei, SONG  Yu-Long, ZHANG  Gai-Sheng, ZHAO  Xin-Liang, BA  Qing-Song, LIU  Hong-Zhan, ZHU  Wan-Wan, LI  Zhi-Kuan, WANG  Jun-Wei, NIU  Na   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center/Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center/Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2013-11-20 Online:2014-05-01 Published:2014-01-15

摘要: 【目的】研究小麦遗传型雄性不育系花药绒毡层降解及营养物质代谢,并揭示其与花粉败育的关系。【方法】以小麦S型1376不育系[(S)-1376(A)]及其保持系[(A)-1376(B)]为试材,在三核期分别用DAPI和KI-I2对花粉粒内淀粉积累进行染色观察;采用半薄切片技术对不育系(S)-1376和保持系1376绒毡层发育过程及多糖、脂类和蛋白等物质积累进行观察和比较;采用软件cellSens Entry和IPP 6.0分别计算图片中小孢子和绒毡层细胞的面积及分析各发育时期图像中的平均光密度值。【结果】与保持系1376比较,(S)-1376花粉粒被KI-I2染成浅黄色,表明三核期其花粉中无淀粉积累,花粉败育彻底;不育系(S)-1376绒毡层较保持系1376绒毡层细胞提前至四分体时期启动细胞程序化死亡(PCD)过程;不育系(S)-1376花粉核发育迟缓,大多发育至单核晚期停止分裂,仅少数可发育至二核期;(S)-1376小孢子在四分体时期和单核早期显著增大;绒毡层细胞在四分体时期也显著大于保持系1376绒毡层细胞。在(S)-1376花粉的发育过程中,除四分体时期外,其余各时期多糖含量(呈红色)均低于保持系对应的各发育时期,不育系(S)-1376绒毡层中多糖在四分体时期多于保持系,在单核早期显著降低。在花粉整个发育过程中,不育系(S)-1376花粉中被染成黑色脂类的含量明显低于保持系,不育系绒毡层中的脂类含量在各个时期也低于保持系。不育系(S)-1376小孢子母细胞四分体时期被染成蓝色的蛋白含量很高,但单核晚期显著降低;在绒毡层细胞中单核早期蛋白含量显著低于保持系,这可能暗示该时期保持系绒毡层开始启动降解。在花粉发育整个过程中保持系1376小孢子母细胞中四分体时期多糖和蛋白的含量都低于不育系(S)-1376,这可能与该时期不育系绒毡层提前降解需要大量的多糖和蛋白有关;单核晚期小孢子中的多糖、脂类和蛋白含量高于不育系,该时期是正常小孢子发育的关键时期,不育系中各种物质供应不足可能是导致花粉败育的主要原因。在二核期和三核期,不育系(S)-1376花粉营养细胞中大液泡不消失,细胞质内含物也不持续增加,淀粉粒、脂类等物质积累终止,最终导致小孢子内没有内含物的积累,呈空壳晶体状。【结论】小麦S型1376A不育系花药绒毡层提前降解所诱发的物质异常代谢,使小孢子在由单核晚期向二核期发育的过程中物质供应不足导致细胞核分裂异常,最终引起花粉败育。

关键词: 小麦 , 绒毡层 , 多糖 , 脂类 , 蛋白质 , 雄性不育

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of the experiment is to explore the relationship between tapetum degradation and nutrient metabolism in anther and pollen abortion in CMS of wheat. 【Method】 Wheat S-1376A CMS [(S)-1376 (A) ] and its maintainer line [(A)-1376 (B) ] were used as test materials. The development condition of the nucleus of pollens at tricellular was surveyed through dyed by DAPI, and stained by KI-I2 to observe the starch accumulated in pollens at tricellular. Semi-thin sectioning was employed to observe and compare tapetum development process, polysaccharides, lipids and proteins accumulation in the sterile line and maintainer line. The cell Sene Entry was utilized to collect images and to calculate the area of the microspores and the tapetum cells in the section. IPP 6.0 was adopted to analyze the mean optical density and IOD at each stage in 1376 and (S)-1376. 【Result】 The data demonstrated that in (S)-1376, compared with 1376, the tapetum cells in advance degradated at the tetrad stage, and the pollen nucleus development was retarded, the majority of which merely developed the late uninucleate. Pollens were dyed yellow by KI-I2 at tricellular in (S)-1376, which certified there was no starch present in the pollens result in them thorough abortion. Area of the microspores and the tapetum cells in the section was extremely huge at the tetrad in (S)-1376. In (S)-1376, compared with 1376, a great number of starches and proteins accumulated in microspores at the tetrad stage, but from late uninucleate stage this situation undergone dramatic difference that the starches and proteins significantly decreased; whereas the lipids were significantly poorer in each period. In (S)-1376, polysaccharides and proteins were significantly higher than 1376 in the tapetum in tetrad, however, polysaccharides were less in early uninucleate and proteins were low in late uninucleate, respectively. Notably, lipids were lower in each period in the tapetum in (S)-1376. The contents of polysaccharides and proteins were greater at tetrad stage in (S)-1376, while at the late uninucleate the polysaccharides, lipids and proteins were lower in (S)-1376 than that in 1376 ones. At bicellular and tricellular of (S)-1376, the substances of the cytoplasm were no longer increased, meanwhile starches and lipids stopped growing, too, the big vacuoles of the vegetative cell were still present and the pollens became malformation at last. 【Conclusion】 Tapetum of (S)-1376 degraded more earlier than (A)-1376 that caused nutrient metabolism abnormal, leading to the supplying of the polysaccharides, lipids and proteins were aberrant from the late development stage of uninucleate to binucleate, and then the nuclear of pollens fission was abnormal, ultimately, the pollens of (S)-1376 were aborted directly.

Key words: wheat , tapetum , polysaccharides , lipids , proteins , cytoplasmic male sterility