砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】嫁接栽培作为克服设施番茄连作障碍的有效技术措施，前人围绕嫁接番茄的抗逆性、抗病性及产量表现进行了较多的研究，但关于嫁接与品质关系的研究尚不系统，因此，论文旨在综合评价番茄嫁接对产量品质的影响，进一步明确嫁接栽培的生物学效应，为该技术的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】以‘金棚1号’自根嫁接苗为对照，选用10个番茄砧木分别嫁接‘金棚1号’接穗，研究不同砧木嫁接苗幼苗质量、成株生长势、产量和品质的变异特征，并采用隶属函数法，对幼苗质量及果实品质进行无量纲计算，以隶属函数值为依据，综合评价嫁接对番茄幼苗质量及果实品质的影响。【结果】不同砧木番茄嫁接苗幼苗生长量差异较大，其中叶面积及根系干物质量的变异系数分别达18.24%和15.21%；采用隶属函数法综合评价的幼苗质量以砧木‘MIKADO’、‘影武者’嫁接苗幼苗质量较高；供试砧木嫁接苗成苗率均高于90%。嫁接苗成株的生长势和产量也因砧木不同而表现出显著差异，虽然嫁接苗平均增产率达34.87%，但产量的变异系数达17.16%，除‘ベスパ’外，其他砧木嫁接苗产量均显著高于对照，其中‘MIKADO’和‘マグネット’嫁接苗增产率分别高达66.82%和57.56%。嫁接苗番茄果实硬度均较对照显著提高，且果形指数也发生显著变化，除‘ベスパ’、‘アンカ－T’和‘サポ－ト’外，其他砧木嫁接苗单果鲜质量均显著高于对照。嫁接还显著影响了番茄果实的营养品质，其中对维生素C的影响较大，而对可溶性固形物影响较小，其变异系数分别为69.16%和8.87%，但不同砧木嫁接对果实各营养指标的作用方向不尽一致；供试砧木嫁接苗番茄果实干物质、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸含量均较对照显著提高，但果实Vc、番茄红素、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比则与对照互有高低；通过隶属函数法对构成番茄果实品质的相关指标进行计算，嫁接苗番茄果实营养品质隶属函数值均较对照显著增加，表明不同砧木嫁接均显著改善了番茄果实的营养品质。【结论】番茄嫁接苗幼苗质量、成株生长势、果实产量及品质因砧木不同而显著不同，在10个供试砧木中，除‘ベスパ’外，其他砧木番茄嫁接苗幼苗质量及产量均显著高于对照，其中以‘MIKADO’和‘マグネット’增产率较高；尽管不同砧木番茄嫁接苗果实品质相关指标互有高低，但嫁接番茄果实综合品质均优于对照，尤以‘アンカ－T’、‘ベスパ’和‘砧木001’嫁接苗果实品质较佳。

关键词: 番茄 , 砧木 , 嫁接 , 产量 , 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】Grafting has been used in protected tomato to limit successive obstacle, a lot of studies have been done on resistance against environmental stress, disease and yield increase by grafting, however, the effects of grafting on vegetable quality were yet not systematical and far from being completed. Therefore, in order to further make clear biological effect of tomato grafting, comprehensive evaluation of the effects of grafting on yield and quality in greenhouse tomato was studied to provide a theoretical basis for application of grafting.【Method】The change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality were measured by the same scion grafted on ten different rootstocks and the self-root grafting scion ‘Jinpeng No.1’ as control, and effects of grafting on seedling quality and fruit quality were evaluated on the basis of membership values of seedling quality and fruit quality calculated by the method of membership function.【Result】There was a significant difference in seedling growth of grafting plants among different rootstocks, whose coefficient of variation of leaf area and dry matter of root were 18.24% and 15.21% respectively. These grafting seedlings with rootstock of ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Kagemusha’ had higher seedlings quality with method of membership function, but the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%. Plant growth vigor and yield of grafting tomato were significantly different among different rootstocks. Although the average rate of increasing yield was 34.87%, the coefficient of variation of yield was 17.16%. Except for yield on ‘Vespa’, other grafted plant yields were significantly higher than that of CK, which the increasing yield rate of grafting on ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Magnet’ were 66.82% and 57.56%, respectively. Fruit rigidity was significantly improved and fruit index was changed with grafting, and fresh mass of single fruit of grafting tomatoes were higher than that of CK except for those on ‘Vespa’, ‘Anka-T’ and ‘Support’. Grafting has a significant effect on fruit nutrient quality of tomato, higher effect on Vitamine C, lower effect on soluble solid, whose coefficients of variation were 69.16% and 8.87%, respectively. Fruit dry matter and the contents of soluble solid, soluble protein and titratable acid in all grafting treatments were improved, whereas the change value and direction of other indexes, such as fruit index, Vc, lycopene, soluble sugar and ratio of sugar to acid were dissimilar. The fruit quality was evaluated synthetically by calculating membership values of fruit nutrient quality indexes with membership function, which showed that the membership values of all grafting fruits were higher than the values of CK, and thus confirmed that fruit quality was improved by grafting.【Conclusion】The grafting seedling quality, plant growth vigor, fruit characteristics, yield and quality were significantly different with different rootstocks. Among the ten rootstocks determined, grafted plant yields were significantly higher than that of CK except for that of ‘Vespa’, higher increasing yield rate of ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Magnet’ rootstocks. Although the effects of grafting on fruit quality indexes showed differences in connect with different rootstocks, fruit quality of all grafting unions was improved synthetically, especially higher fruit quality was observed on rootstocks of ‘Anka-T’, ‘Vespa’ and ‘Rootstock 001’.

Key words: tomato , rootstocks , grafting , yield , quality

高方胜1, 2, 王磊2, 3, 徐坤2. 砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3): 605-612.

GAO Fang-Sheng-1, 2 , WANG Lei-2, 3 , XU Kun-2. Comprehensive Evaluation of Relationship Between Rootstocks and Yield and Quality in Grafting Tomato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(3): 605-612.

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