堆肥施用量对全株青贮玉米产量和营养价值的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.11.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨与化学肥料相比施用堆肥对青贮玉米饲料生产能力的影响，为生产中合理施用堆肥进行青贮玉米生产提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素随机区组试验设计，3个不同堆肥的施用处理分别为20、40和60 t•hm-2，以施用化学肥料（尿素400 kg•hm-2＋过磷酸钙450 kg•hm-2＋钾肥（K2SO4）300 kg•hm-2）为对照组，每个处理3个重复。通过测定各处理单位土地面积的鲜物质产量、干物质产量、营养物质含量、养分瘤胃降解率，得出不同堆肥施用量对青贮玉米单位土地面积生物产量、营养物质产量、可降解营养物质产量等指标的影响，从而对施用堆肥的青贮玉米饲料生产能力进行综合评定。【结果】随堆肥施用量的增加，全株青贮玉米中蛋白质、脂肪、总能含量均显著增高（P＜0.05），粗纤维的含量显著降低（P＜0.05），总碳水化合物含量差异不明显（P＞0.05）。同时，提高堆肥施用量增加了全株青贮玉米中蛋白质、脂肪、总碳水化合物、总能的瘤胃降解率（P＜0.05）。各堆肥处理组全株青贮玉米生物产量、营养物质产量、瘤胃可降解营养物质产量和相对饲料价值均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。【结论】与化学肥料相比，施用堆肥提高了青贮玉米的生物产量和饲用品质，本试验条件下最适的堆肥施用量为40 t•hm-2。

关键词: 堆肥 , 施用量 , 青贮玉米 , 营养价值

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of fertilizing compost and chemical fertilizer on feed production potential of the whole corn plant silage, and thus providing a theoretical support for appropriate application of compost in corn silage cultivation. 【Method】 A field trial was conducted with a single-factor randomized block design. Three fertilizer treatments were different amounts of compost at 20, 40, and 60 t•hm-2, respectively. Chemical fertilizer with urea 400 kg•hm-2, superphosphate 450 kg•hm-2 and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) 300 kg•hm-2 was used as control. Biomass, dry matter (DM) yield, nutrients content and ruminal degradability were measured to elucidate the effect of compost amount on yields of DM, nutrients and degradable nutrients per unit land of the silage corn. 【Result】 Compared with control, the contents of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) of whole plant corn silage were significantly increased (P＜0.05) with the increased amount of compost. The content of crude fiber (CF), however, was notably decreased (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) in carbohydrate content. Meanwhile, ruminal degradabilities of CP, EE, carbohydrate, and GE of corn silage were enhanced (P＜0.05) with increased fertilizer amount of compost. Regardless of fertilizer amount of compost, yields of biomass, nutrients, ruminally degradable nutrients, and relative feed value (RFV) of corn silage were higher than that of control (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The results showed that compost administration can improve corn silage biomass and feeding values compared with administration of chemical fertilizer. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal fertilizing amount of compost was 40 t•hm-2.

Key words: compost , amount , silage corn , nutritive values

李蒙蒙, 张桂国, 杨在宾, 杨维仁. 堆肥施用量对全株青贮玉米产量和营养价值的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11): 2337-2344.

LI Meng-Meng, ZHANG Gui-Guo, YANG Zai-Bin, YANG Wei-Ren. Effect of Different Amounts of Compost Fertilizer on Yields and Nutritive Values of Whole Corn Plant Silage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(11): 2337-2344.

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