6个紫花苜蓿品种氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】选择我国培育的中草3号、甘农1号、龙牧806、中苜2号、新疆大叶、公农1号等6个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,通过氨基酸组分的分析及含量的测定,综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质营养价值,为深入研究和开发利用我国紫花苜蓿资源提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,将不同品种紫花苜蓿分别种植于不同试验小区,小区面积为30 m ²,重复3次。试验样品为当年种植的第一茬于初花期刈割的苜蓿,每个小区随机选3行,刈割后105℃杀青20 min,65℃烘干48 h,粉碎过60目筛。采用盐酸水解法,使用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定17种氨基酸含量,分析不同氨基酸含量及组分。通过与FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱和FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准比较,通过计算紫花苜蓿必须氨基酸比值（RAA）、必须氨基酸比值系数（RC）、必须氨基酸比值系数分（SRC）和必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）,综合评价紫花苜蓿蛋白质的营养价值。【结果】我国培育的6个紫花苜蓿品种均含有被测的17种氨基酸。6个紫花苜蓿品种除天冬氨酸（Asp）、半胱氨酸（Cys）、脯氨酸（Pro）、鲜味氨基酸（F）的含量以及酸鲜甜氨基酸与苦味氨基酸比值（(S+F)/B）有显著差异外,其他氨基酸含量差异不显著;紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量为14.85%—19.48%、必需氨基酸的含量为5.35%—6.93%、非必需氨基酸含量为9.50%—12.55%,其中新疆大叶紫花苜蓿总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和非必需氨基酸含量高于其他品种;紫花苜蓿含有9种药效氨基酸,药效氨基酸占总氨基酸的60%以上,甘农1号、新疆大叶和公农1号紫花苜蓿的药效氨基酸含量高于其他3个品种;紫花苜蓿酸鲜甜味氨基酸含量与苦味氨基酸含量比大于1.8。除了蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸含量低于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱外,其他几种氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱。6个紫花苜蓿品种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值（E/T值）在35%—36%之间,必须氨基酸与非必须氨基酸的比值（E/N值）在54%—57%之间,E/T值和E/N值均略低于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准。6个紫花苜蓿品种的必须氨基酸比值系数分SRC值在73—77之间,必需氨基酸指数EAAI值均接近1。【结论】紫花苜蓿氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高。必需氨基酸齐全,相对均衡合理,接近人体氨基酸比例。口感好,营养价值高,为可食用优质蛋白源,并具有一定的药用价值。紫花苜蓿第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,作为蔬菜食用时建议搭配蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量高的食品作为互补,以提高其营养价值。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 氨基酸, FA0/WHO理想蛋白标准, 蛋白质营养价值

Abstract:

【Objective】 Six domestic alfalfa cultivars (Zhongcao No.3, Gannong No.1, Longmu No. 806, Zhongmu No.2, Xinjiang Big Leaf, Gongnong No.1) were used, amino acid content and the nutrition evaluation of alfalfa were studied, to provide the scientific basis for utilization and further research on native alfalfa germplasm resources or alfalfa resources development and utilization. 【Method】 Randomized block design with three replications was used. Different cultivars were planted in different experimental plot, the experimental plot area was 30 m ². The first year, first cut alfalfa which in the early flower stage were used. After 20 min heated at 105℃ and 48 h heated at 65℃, alfalfa were smashed to pass through a screen of 60 meshes. The samples were hydrolyzed by HCl and analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Amino acid constituents and contents were analyzed. Alfalfa essential amino acid composition were compared with FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum and FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. Ratio of essential amino acid (RAA), ratio coefficient (RC), score of RC (SRC) or essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated to evaluate the nutritional value. 【Result】 All of six domestic alfalfa cultivars contained 17 amino acids, 7 essential amino acids and 9 medicinal amino acids. Except Asp, Cys, Pro, F and (S+F)/B were significant difference among six cultivars, other amino acids compositions had no significant differences. The content of total amino acids in alfalfa were ranged from 14.85% to 19.48%, essential amino acids were range from 5.35% to 6.93%, non-essential amino acids were range from 9.50% to 12.55%, medicinal amino acids was greater than 60%. The content of total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were highest in Xinjiang Big Leaf alfalfa. The ratio of sweet and fresh taste to bitter taste amino acid was above 1.8. Only Met+Cys were lower than FAO/WHO amino acid pattern. E/T was ranged from 35% to 36% and E/N was ranged from 54% to 57%, which were a little lower than FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. SRC was ranged from 73 to 74, and EAAI of all alfalfa was closed to 1. 【Conclusion】 There were abundant species and high content amino acid in alfalfa. The essential amino acids were relatively balanced and reasonable. Alfalfa were good protein sources, which also has medicinal value. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. When used as vegetables, it is recommended that something which has high content of Met+Cys were used as complementary food to improve their nutritional value.

Key words: alfalfa, amino acid, FAO/WHO ideal protein standards, protein nutritive value

孙娟娟, 阿拉木斯, 赵金梅, 薛艳林, 于林清, 玉柱, 张英俊. 6个紫花苜蓿品种氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(13): 2359-2367.

SUN JuanJuan, A LaMuSi, ZHAO JinMei, XUE YanLin, YU LinQing, YU Zhu, ZHANG YingJun. Analysis of Amino Acid Composition and Six Native Alfalfa Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(13): 2359-2367.

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品种名称 Cultivar name	品种来源 Cultivar origin
中草3号Zhongcao No.3	中国农业科学院草原研究所 Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS
甘农1号Gannong No.1	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	黑龙江省畜牧研究所 Heilongjiang Animal Science Institute
中苜2号Zhongmu No.2	中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 Institute of Animal Science of CAAS
新疆大叶Xinjiang Big Leaf	新疆农业大学 Xinjiang Agricultural University
公农1号Gongnong No.1	吉林省农业科学院畜牧分院 Animal Husbandry Branch of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

氨基酸种类 Amino acid species	品种名称 Cultivar name
氨基酸种类 Amino acid species	中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	甘农1号 Gannong No.1	龙牧806 Longmu No.806	中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	公农1号 Gongnong No.1
天冬氨酸Asp#	2.09b	2.47ab	2.02b	2.53ab	2.76a	2.20ab
苏氨酸Thr*	0.81	0.96	0.77	0.96	0.97	0.80
丝氨酸Ser	0.87	1.06	0.84	1.12	1.11	0.92
谷氨酸Glu#	1.87	2.24	1.75	2.15	2.34	2.06
甘氨酸Gly#	0.89	1.06	0.84	1.08	1.07	0.92
丙氨酸Ala	1.00	1.17	0.94	1.21	1.22	0.99
半胱氨酸Cys	0.19b	0.21ab	0.20ab	0.20ab	0.22a	0.21ab
缬氨酸Val*	0.92	1.06	0.87	1.09	1.13	0.92
蛋氨酸Met*#	0.14	0.16	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.13
异亮氨酸Ile*#	0.71	0.82	0.66	0.84	0.87	0.70
亮氨酸Leu*#	1.32	1.54	1.24	1.58	1.63	1.30
酪氨酸Tyr	0.59	0.68	0.55	0.67	0.71	0.59
苯丙氨酸Phe*#	0.84	0.98	0.80	1.01	1.03	0.84
组氨酸His	0.53	0.63	0.51	0.64	0.64	0.56
赖氨酸Lys*#	0.92	1.09	0.88	1.09	1.14	0.97
精氨酸Arg#	0.85	0.99	0.80	0.99	1.04	0.86
脯氨酸Pro	1.22abc	1.55a	1.05c	1.53a	1.43ab	1.14bc
T	15.75	18.67	14.85	18.84	19.48	16.11
E	5.65	6.60	5.35	6.71	6.93	5.67
N	10.10	12.07	9.50	12.13	12.55	10.45
M	9.62	11.34	9.11	11.41	12.04	9.98
S	5.71	6.89	5.33	7.00	6.95	5.74
F	3.96ab	4.71ab	3.76b	4.68ab	5.11a	4.26ab
B	5.30	6.17	5.01	6.29	6.49	5.31
(S+F)/B	1.82b	1.88a	1.82b	1.86ab	1.86ab	1.89a

种类 Item	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr	苏氨酸 Thr	缬氨酸 Val
FAO/ WHO标准模式	4.0	7.0	5.5	3.5	6.0	4.0	5.0
中草3号Zhongcao No.3	4.47	8.40	5.81	2.12	9.03	5.17	5.82
甘农1号Gannong No.1	4.38	8.23	5.82	1.99	8.92	5.15	5.68
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	4.46	8.35	5.94	2.17	9.09	5.20	5.87
中苜2号Zhongmu No.2	4.45	8.37	5.81	1.84	8.92	5.08	5.79
新疆大叶Xinjiang Big Leaf	4.46	8.35	5.88	1.91	8.93	4.98	5.82
公农1号Gongnong No.1	4.32	8.05	6.03	2.07	8.91	4.99	5.73

指标 Items	品种名称 Cultivar name						理想蛋白标准 Ideal protein standards
指标 Items	中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	甘农1号 Gannong No.1	龙牧806 Longmu No. 806	中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	公农1号 Gongnong No.1	理想蛋白标准 Ideal protein standards
E/T	35.89	35.36	36.03	35.61	35.56	35.17	40
E/N	55.99	54.71	56.32	55.30	55.19	54.24	60

种类 Item		异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr	苏氨酸 Thr	缬氨酸 Val	SRC
中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	RAA	1.12	1.20	1.06	0.61	1.50	1.29	1.16	75.81
中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	RC	0.99	1.06	0.93	0.53	1.33	1.14	1.03	75.81
甘农1号 Gannong No.1	RAA	1.09	1.18	1.06	0.57	1.49	1.29	1.14	74.81
甘农1号 Gannong No.1	RC	0.98	1.05	0.95	0.51	1.33	1.15	1.02	74.81
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	RAA	1.11	1.19	1.08	0.62	1.52	1.30	1.17	76.19
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	RC	0.97	1.04	0.95	0.54	1.33	1.14	1.03	76.19
中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	RAA	1.11	1.20	1.06	0.53	1.49	1.27	1.16	73.59
中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	RC	1.00	1.07	0.95	0.47	1.33	1.14	1.04	73.59
新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	RAA	1.11	1.19	1.07	0.55	1.49	1.24	1.16	74.43
新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	RC	1.00	1.07	0.96	0.49	1.33	1.11	1.04	74.43
公农1号 Gongnong No.1	RAA	1.08	1.15	1.10	0.59	1.49	1.25	1.15	75.92
公农1号 Gongnong No.1	RC	0.97	1.03	0.98	0.53	1.33	1.12	1.03	75.92