不同树形矮化自根砧苹果的冠内光照及其生长和产量比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.09.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究矮化自根砧苹果2种砧木、6种树形的冠层内相对光照强度分布以及生长结果表现，明确西北黄土高原地区苹果矮化自根砧栽培的适宜树形。【方法】以富士苹果为试材，应用TES-1332A数字式照度计等仪器，观测矮化自根砧苹果2种砧木、6种树形的树体结构、冠层内相对光照强度、叶片营养、果实产量和品质等指标。【结果】4种纺锤形比V形和Y形的树体生长势强。高纺锤形/M26树冠内相对光照强度>30%的占79.6%，光截获能力强，枝量多，早期产量最高；V形树冠内相对光照强度仅次于Y形，早期产量仅次于高纺锤形；Y形/M26树冠内相对光照强度>30%的占91.8%，虽然光照条件较好，但枝量小、产量低。改良纺锤形、细长纺锤形、Y形和V形单果重较大，其次为高纺锤形，自由纺锤形单果重最小。V形、Y形的果皮色泽饱和度和可溶性糖含量显著高于其它树形。【结论】高纺锤形/M26的早期产量最高，V形产量仅次于高纺锤形，产量上升潜力大；V形和Y形的品质较好。

关键词: 苹果 , 树形 , 光截获能力 , 产量 , 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The difference in distribution of relative light intensity and yield and growth condition were studied with six different apple tree shapes and two rootstocks on apple trees in order to understand the suitable tree shapes for apple dwarfing rootstock cultivation in Northwest-loess plateau. 【Method】The structure index of trees, relative radiation, fruit quality and yield were measured by using TES-1332A.【Result】Spindle trees were more vigorous than Y-trellis and V-trellis trees. Tall spindle/M26 was better in distribution of relative light intensity, and the canopy volume ratio of relative light intensity more than 30% was 79.6%, total number of shoot of tall spindle was the most among the six spindle shapes, the yield of saplings was the highest. The relative light intensity within canopy of V-trellis was just lower than Y-trellis and the yield of V-trellis was just lower than tall spindle. The relative light intensity within canopy over 30% of Y-trellis/M26 was 91.8%, but the total number of shoot and output of Y-trellis was lower. The mean fruit mass of Y-trellis, V-trellis, slender spindle and improved spindle was better than that of tall spindle and freedom spindle. The fruit quality of Y-trellis and V-trellis with higher fruit weight, content of soluble sugar and pericarp color saturation was better than those of other tree shapes.【Conclusion】Tall spindle/M26 had the highest yield and V-trellis was the second, the fruit quality of Y-trellis and V-trellis was the best, and tall spindle was the second.V-trellis has a great potential in yield.

Key words: apple , tree shapes , light intercepted ability , yield , fruit quality

董然然, 安贵阳, 赵政阳, 梅立新, 李敏敏. 不同树形矮化自根砧苹果的冠内光照及其生长和产量比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(9): 1867-1873.

DONG Ran-Ran, AN Gui-Yang, ZHAO Zheng-Yang, MEI Li-Xin, LI Min-Min. Comparison of Light Interception Ability and Growth and Yield of Different Apple Tree Shapes on Dwarf Rootstock[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(9): 1867-1873.

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