中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1543-1554.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆开花落花及时空分布的观察研究

 赵双进, 唐晓东, 赵鑫, 冯燕, 赵聪聪, 张孟臣   

  1. 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/国家大豆改良中心石家庄分中心/农业部黄淮海大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/河北省作物遗传育种实验室,石家庄 050035
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-10 出版日期:2013-04-15 发布日期:2013-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者张孟臣,E-mail:hbdadou@yahoo.com.cn
  • 作者简介:赵双进,E-mail:zhaoshuangj@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家农业科技转化资金(2010GB2A200031)、国家“863”基金项目(2012AA101106)、现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-004-PS06)、国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD35B06-3-6)

Observation and Research on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Flowering and Flower Dropping of Soybean

 ZHAO  Shuang-Jin, TANG  Xiao-Dong, ZHAO  Xin, FENG  Yan, ZHAO  Cong-Cong, ZHANG  Meng-Chen   

  1. Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center/Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035
  • Received:2012-12-10 Online:2013-04-15 Published:2013-03-18

摘要: 【目的】观察大豆开花、落花全过程,分析不同品种开花、落花特点和规律,为高产育种和高产栽培提供依据。【方法】在大田条件下,对6个品种的72株植株逐日(42 d)观察开花、落花及节位。【结果】材料开花过程呈现每天开花数量“少-多-少-极少”的变化规律,可分为初花、盛花、慢花、末花4个阶段:初花期阶段很短(3 d左右),每天开花量4朵以下,阶段开花量5.73朵,占总花量4.09%,开花集中在植株中部节位;盛花阶段每天开花多在5—12朵,持续时间较长(12—18 d),阶段花量108.75朵,占77.60%,开花由中部向上下两端延伸分布,其中以中部最多;慢花阶段每天开花1—5朵,持续时间在品种间有较大差异,阶段花量21.24朵,占15.16%,分布在植株各个节位;末花阶段每天只有部分植株开花,平均不足1朵,直至开花结束,阶段开花4.42朵,零星分布在植株上。初花期3 d后至终花期或终花期后落花普遍发生,落花节位遍及开花的所有节位,落花率为末花阶段(77.96%)>慢花阶段(65.54%)>初花阶段(51.76%)>盛花阶段(36.97%);每天平均落花3—9朵的不正常脱落高峰与该阶段阴雨寡照的气候有关。有限结荚习性品种最早开花部位为中部,随后向上部、下部扩展,开花3—7 d以后扩展到底部,9—15 d扩展到顶部。无限结荚习性品种最早开花部位是中下部(7—10节位),随后向下部、上部扩展,初花2—3 d后达到最下部,随后向上部扩展,初花24—26 d以后扩展到顶部。【结论】大豆不同开花阶段每天开花数量差异明显,开花节位、持续期有所不同,不同阶段花的脱落率也有较大差别。

关键词: 大豆 , 开花 , 落花 , 时空分布

Abstract: 【Objective】 The whole progress of flowering and flower dropping of soybean were observed, and the characteristics and rules of different varieties were analyzed to provide an evidence for high yield breeding and cultivation. 【Method】 Under the conditions of field experiment, the flowering and flower dropping nodes of 72 individuals of six soybean varieties were observed daily (42 days). 【Result】 Flowering process showed a significant ladder of four stages: early florescence is short (about 3 days), less than 4 flowers per day, the flower amount at this stage is 5.73, 4.09% of the total, concentrated in the middle of plants. At full-bloom stage, the daily flowering 5-12 flowers, the duration is longer (12-18 days), the flowering amount of this stage is 108.75, 77.60% of total, the flowering section extends from the middle to the upper and lower ends, and middle-up. At slow florescence stage, the daily flowering 1-5 flowers, the duration is different among varieties, the flowering amount at this stage is 21.24, 15.16% of total, distributed in various nodes of the plant. At late florescence stage, the daily flowering less than 1 flower, until flowering end, the flowering amount is 4.42, scattered on the plants. Flower dropping generally occurs from early florescence 3 days later to late florescence or after late florescence, the flower dropping section throughout the flower section on the plants, the flower-dropping rate at the full flowering stage (36.97%) is less than at the initial flowering stage (51.76%), its slow flowering stage (65.54%), and its final flowering stage (77.96%). The peak of the abnormal abscission about 3-9 flowers daily is correlated with the rainy day and scant sunlight in that periods. In determinate podding habit varieties, the earliest flowering section is in the middle of the plants, and then extend to upper and lower sections, then extend to the bottom 3-7 days later and extend to the top 9-15 days later after flowering. In semi-determinate podding habit varieties, the earliest flowering section is in the middle and lower parts (7th-10th node), and then extend to upper and lower sections, then extend to the bottom 3-7 days and extend to the top 24-26 days later after initial flowering. 【Conclusion】 The flowering amount, flowering node, duration and abscission rate are all different in early florescence, full-bloom stage, slow florescence and late florescence of soybean.

Key words: soybean , flowering , flower drop , temporal and spatial distribution