梨果实源营养液的制备及其对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.16.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨梨果实源营养液的制作方法及喷施营养液对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响。【方法】以黄金梨树生理落果和人工疏除的果实为原料，研究不同的糖量、水量、果实粉碎状态、有无氧发酵和发酵时间等条件，对成品发酵液营养成分的影响。在此基础上，以两年生黄金梨幼树和15年生成年树为试材，设置叶面喷施500倍（Tr1）、200倍（Tr2）、0倍（Tr3、CK）上述营养液为处理，比较不同处理下果树叶片中矿质元素含量、叶片光合特性和果实品质的差异。【结果】制作梨果实源营养液的最佳原料配方为：梨幼果：酵素：红糖：水=50：1：10：35（质量比），最佳发酵条件为果实浆状、有氧条件，室温25—28℃发酵30—45 d。喷施营养液显著增加了幼树叶片的厚度、比叶重、叶绿素含量以及N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等矿质元素的含量；显著提高了叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率；显著提高了成年梨树果实的单果重、果形指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量、糖酸比和Vc含量。【结论】叶面喷施梨果实源营养液，能显著促进梨树叶片生长，提高叶片矿质营养成分含量，提升叶片的光合性能，进而改善果实品质，尤以叶面喷施200倍营养液效果最佳。这可能与成品发酵液的矿质元素含量较高、养分比例较均衡有关。

关键词: 梨, 梨果实源营养液, 发酵条件, 叶面肥, 光合特性, 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study is to explore the optimal method of making pear fruit-derived nutrient solution and its effect on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality.【Method】In the present study, the dropping and thinning fruits from pear tree, Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.f.).cv. Nakai, were used as materials to make the nutrient solutions and different formula including content of sugar and water, disintegrating status of fruit, anaerobic or aerobic condition and fermentation days were designed to study their effects on the nutrition components in the solutions. Furthermore, in order to analyze the mineral element content, growth status and the photosynthetic characteristics of pear trees, a pear fruit-derived nutrient solution was made based on the optimal formula and sprayed with different concentrations of the pear fruit-derived nutrient solution (Tr1 for 500 times, Tr2 for 200 times, and Tr3 for 0 times as CK) on two-year-old pear trees and fifteen-year-old mature trees.【Result】The results indicated that young pear fruit, ferments, brown sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 50:1:10:35 in the fermentation conditions of fruit homogenate, aerobic conditions at room temperature of 25-28℃ for 30 to 45 days were the most suitable formula to make fruit-derived nutrient solution, and spray with pear fruit-derived nutrient solution significantly increased leaf thickness, the specific leaf weight, the content of chlorophyll, and the content of mineral element, such as N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and so on. In addition, spray with pear fruit-derived nutrient solution not only enhanced the water use efficiency through increased the net photosynthetic rate and decreased the transpiration rate, but also significantly increased the average single fruit weight, fruit-based index, fruit hardness, soluble solids, titratable acid, sugar acid ratio and Vc content.【Conclusion】In conclusion, spraying on the surface of leaves significantly promoted the growth of pear trees, increased the content of mineral element in leaves, enhanced the photosynthetic performance of leaves, further then improved the quality of fruits, especially the 200 times nutrient solution. And the product made by the optimal formula had higher content of mineral elements, degree of decomposition and content of sugar than others.

罗蕊, 张杰, 柳明娟, 姬谦龙, 姚允聪. 梨果实源营养液的制备及其对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(16): 3337-3345.

LUO Rui, ZHANG Jie, LIU Ming-Juan, JI Qian-Long, YAO Yun-Cong. Method of Making Pear Fruit-Derived Nutrient Solution and Its Effect on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(16): 3337-3345.

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