添加有机物料后红壤CO2释放特征与微生物生物量动态

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.24.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对不同有机物料施入红壤后CO2释放特征及几种形态碳、氮变化进行了观测，并分析其相互关系，以阐明添加有机物料后红壤中CO2释放量及几种碳、氮形态的变化特征。【方法】采用室内恒温培养试验，向红壤中添加5种有机物料（猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪、玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆），培养期间定期采样分析红壤CO2释放量及土壤微生物量碳、氮（SMBC、SMBN）的动态变化。【结果】添加有机物料后，各处理CO2释放速率在培养前期较高，在培养18-20 d后基本趋于稳定。整个培养期间，土壤CO2-C的累积过程符合一级反应动力学方程。添加不同有机物料后红壤CO2潜在释放量从高到低顺序为：小麦秸秆（1.51 g•kg-1）＞玉米秸秆（1.38 g•kg-1）＞猪粪（0.89 g•kg-1）＞鸡粪（0.78 g•kg-1）＞牛粪（0.50 g•kg-1）。添加几种有机物料后红壤CO2释放量存在显著差异，秸秆类有机物料分解释放CO2量相当于动物有机肥的2倍以上，其中小麦秸秆最高，牛粪最低，且有机物料分解释放CO2量与SMBC、SMBN、土壤可溶性有机碳（WSOC）和有机物料C/N呈显著相关。【结论】等碳量的有机物料施入红壤后能显著提高土壤CO2的释放速率和释放量，且土壤CO2释放量与土壤微生物量、可溶性碳和有机物料的C/N紧密相关。添加有机物料处理，土壤微生物生物量和碳源、氮源的有效性较高，有利于土壤养分的转化和释放。

关键词: 红壤, 有机物料, 二氧化碳释放, 碳、氮形态

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of application of different organic materials on soil organic carbon mineralization and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions were studied in an experiment in lab. 【Method】 An incubation experiment was designed to study the dynamics of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) and CO2 emission characteristics after applications of five organic materials (pig manure, cattle manure, chicken manure, maize straw and wheat straw). 【Result】 Soil CO2 emission rate increased significantly after applications of the organic materials. In general, soil CO2 emission rate firstly increased, and then (after 18-20 days) tended to be stabilized during the incubation. Potential CO2-C production derived from the first-order kinetic model was in the following pattern: wheat straw (1.51 g•kg-1)＞maize straw (1.38 g•kg-1)＞pig manure (0.89 g•kg-1)＞chicken manure (0.78 g•kg-1)＞cattle manure (0.50 g•kg-1). There were significant correlations among SMBC, SMBN, WSOC, organic materials C/N and soil CO2 emission amount. There was a significant difference in soil CO2 emission rate between the organic materials. Soil CO2 emission rate of straw was two times higher than manure. Wheat straw showed the highest emission rate, while the lowest value was found for cattle manure. Significant correlations were found between soil CO2 evolved product amount and soil microbial biomass, WSOC or organic material C/N.【Conclusion】 The C-equal organic material applications significantly enhanced soil CO2 emission rate and amount. Soil CO2 emission is closely related to soil microbial biomass, WSOC and organic material C/N. Compared with straw, manure can rapidly increase soil microbial biomass and availabilities of C and N, and therefore contributes to soil nutrient transformation and release.

Key words: red soil, organic materials, CO2 emission, C, N fractions

张旭博, 徐明岗, 张文菊, 林昌虎, 段英华, 蔡泽江, 张崇玉. 添加有机物料后红壤CO2释放特征与微生物生物量动态[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(24): 5013-5020.

ZHANG Xu-Bo, XU Ming-Gang, ZHANG Wen-Ju, LIN Chang-Hu, DUAN Ying-Hua, CAI Ze-Jiang, ZHANG Chong-Yu. Characteristics of CO2 Emission and Microbial Biomass Dynamics After Adding Various Organic Materials in Red Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(24): 5013-5020.

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