Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively, are two important bacterial diseases
of rice. The pathogens depend on the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and non-TAL
effectors (non-TALEs) to trigger resistance or susceptibility of the host rice. The elucidation of novel
molecular mechanism by which TALEs and non-TALEs regulate inner immunity of rice will provide
some valuable clues for plant resistance breeding. These photos show the possible molecular
mechanisms of Xoc TALEs and non-TALEs disturb inner immunity of rice (1), symptoms of BLB (left)
and BLS (right) (2), penetration of Xoc into a stomata of a rice leaf (3), the interaction of Xoc with
rice callus cells (4) and the transmission electron micrograph of Xoc cells in the intercellular spaces
of the mesophyll parenchyma of a rice leaf (5). The photos were provided by Prof. Ding Xinghua
from Shandong Agricultural University, China (1) and Associate Prof. Zou Lifang from Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, China (2, 3, 4 and 5), respectively. See pages 1177–1210 in details.