|
|
|
|
|
| Superior grains determined by grain weight are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice |
| PENG Ting, LÜ Qiang, ZHAO Ya-fan, SUN Hong-zheng, HAN Ying-chun, DU Yan-xiu, ZHANG Jing, LI Jun-zhou, WANG Lin-lin, ZHAO Quan-zhi |
1、Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China
2、Research Center for Rice Engineering in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China
3、College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 Rice panicles are composed of many branches with two types of extreme grains, the superior and the inferior. Traditionally, it has been well accepted that earlier flowers result in superior grains and late flowers generate inferior grains. However, these correlations have never been strictly examined in practice. In order to determine the accurate relationship between superior and inferior grains and the flowering order, we localized all the seeds in a panicle in four distinct rice species and systematically documented the rice flowering order, flower locations and the final grain weight for their relationships. Our results demonstrated that the grain weight is more heavily determined by the position of the seeds than by the flowering order. Despite earlier flowering has a positive correlation with the grain weight in general, grains from flowers blooming on the second day after anthesis generally gained the highest weight. This suggests earlier flowers may not result in superior grains. Therefore, we concluded that superior and inferior grains, commonly determined by grain weight, are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice. Following the order of the grain weight, the superior grains are generally localized at the middle parts of the primary branches, whereas inferior grains were mainly on the last two secondary branches of the lower half part of the panicle. In addition, the weight of inferior grains were affected by spikelet thinning and spraying with exogenous plant growth regulators, indicating that physiological incompetence might be the major reason for the occurrence of the inferior grains.
Abstract Rice panicles are composed of many branches with two types of extreme grains, the superior and the inferior. Traditionally, it has been well accepted that earlier flowers result in superior grains and late flowers generate inferior grains. However, these correlations have never been strictly examined in practice. In order to determine the accurate relationship between superior and inferior grains and the flowering order, we localized all the seeds in a panicle in four distinct rice species and systematically documented the rice flowering order, flower locations and the final grain weight for their relationships. Our results demonstrated that the grain weight is more heavily determined by the position of the seeds than by the flowering order. Despite earlier flowering has a positive correlation with the grain weight in general, grains from flowers blooming on the second day after anthesis generally gained the highest weight. This suggests earlier flowers may not result in superior grains. Therefore, we concluded that superior and inferior grains, commonly determined by grain weight, are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice. Following the order of the grain weight, the superior grains are generally localized at the middle parts of the primary branches, whereas inferior grains were mainly on the last two secondary branches of the lower half part of the panicle. In addition, the weight of inferior grains were affected by spikelet thinning and spraying with exogenous plant growth regulators, indicating that physiological incompetence might be the major reason for the occurrence of the inferior grains.
|
|
Received: 14 April 2014
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271651) and the projects from Rice Industrial Technology System in Henan Province, China (S2012-04-02). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
ZHAO Quan-zhi, Tel: +86-371-63558293,Fax: +86-371-63558122, E-mail: qzzhaoh@126.com
|
| About author: * These authors contributed equally to this study |
Cite this article:
PENG Ting, Lü Qiang, ZHAO Ya-fan, SUN Hong-zheng, HAN Ying-chun, DU Yan-xiu, ZHANG Jing, LI Jun-zhou, WANG Lin-lin, ZHAO Quan-zhi.
2015.
Superior grains determined by grain weight are not fully correlated with the flowering order in rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(5): 847-855.
|
| Fitzgerald M A, Mccouch S R, Hall R D. 2009. Not just a grainof rice: the quest for quality. Trends in Plant Science, 143,133-139Ishimaru T, Hirose T, Matsuda T, Goto A, Takahashi K,Sasaki H, Terao T, Ishii R, Ohsugi R, Yamagishi T. 2005.Expression patterns of genes encoding carbohydratemetabolizingenzymes and their relationship to grain fillingin rice (Oryza sativa L.): comparison of caryopses locatedat different positions in a panicle. Plant Cell Physiolog,464, 620-628Ishimaru T, Matsuda T, Ohsugi R, Yamagishi T. 2003.Morphological development of rice caryopses located at thedifferent positions in a panicle from early to middle stageof grain ?lling. Functional Plant Biology, 30, 1139-1149Mohapatra P, Patel R, Sahu S. 1993. Time of flowering affectsgrain quality and spikelet partitioning within the rice panicle.Functional Plant Biology, 202, 231-241Panda B B, Kariali E, Panigrahi R, Mohapatra P K. 2009.High ethylene production slackens seed filling in compactpanicled rice cultivar: Plant Growth Regulation, 582,141-151Tang T, Xie H, Wang Y, Lu B, Liang J. 2009. The effect ofsucrose and abscisic acid interaction on sucrose synthase and its relationship to grain filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.).Journal of Experimental Botany, 609, 2641-2652Wang F, Chen S, Cheng F, Liu Y, Zhang G. 2007. Thedifferences in grain weight and quality within a rice (Oryzasativa L.) panicle as affected by panicle type and sourcesinkrelation. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1931, 63-73Wang F, Cheng F, Zhang G. 2006. The relationship betweengrain filling and hormone content as affected by genotypeand source-sink relation. Plant Growth Regulation, 491, 1-8Wang Z, Xu Y, Wang J, Yang J, Zhang J. 2012. Polyamine andethylene interactions in grain filling of superior and inferiorspikelets of rice. Plant Growth Regulation, 66, 1-14Wei F, Tao H, Lin S, Bouman B, Zhang L, Wang P, Dittert K.2011. Rate and duration of grain filling of aerobic rice HD297and their influence on grain yield under different growingconditions. Journal Science Asia, 37, 98-104Xing Y, Zhang Q. 2010. Genetic and molecular bases of riceyield. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61, 421-442Yang J. 2010. Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferiorspikelets of rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 3612, 2011-2019Yang J, Peng S, Visperas R M, Sanico A L, Zhu Q, Gu S. 2000.Grain filling pattern and cytokinin content in the grains androots of rice plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 303, 261-270Yang J, Yunying C, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhang J. 2008. Involvementof polyamines in the post-anthesis development of inferiorand superior spikelets in rice. Planta, 2281, 137-149Yang J, Zhang J. 2010. Grain-filling problem in ‘super’ rice.Journal of Experimental Botany, 611, 1-5Yang J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu K, Wang P. 2006. Postanthesisdevelopment of inferior and superior spikeletsin rice in relation to abscisic acid and ethylene. Journal ofExperimental Botany, 571, 149-160Zhang H, Li H, Yuan L, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. 2012.Post-anthesis alternate wetting and moderate soil dryingenhances activities of key enzymes in sucrose-tostarchconversion in inferior spikelets of rice. Journal ofExperimental Botany, 631, 215-227Zhang H, Tan G, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. 2009a. Ethyleneand ACC levels in developing grains are related to thepoor appearance and milling quality of rice. Plant GrowthRegulation, 581, 85-96Zhang H, Tan G, Yang L, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhao B. 2009b.Hormones in the grains and roots in relation to post-anthesisdevelopment of inferior and superior spikelets in japonica/indica hybrid rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 473,195-204Zhang Z, Chen J, Lin S, Li Z, Cheng R, Fang C, Chen H, LinW. 2012. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic determinationof ABA’s effects on grain-filling of Oryza sativa L. inferiorspikelets. Plant Science, 185-186, 259–273Zhu G, Ye N, Yang J, Peng X, Zhang J. 2011. Regulation ofexpression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene andABA in relation to the development of rice inferior andsuperior spikelets. Journal of Experimental Botany, 6211,3907-3916Zhu Q, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Hui D. 1995. Study on indicators ofgrain filling of rice: Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College,162, 1–4. (in Chinese) |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
