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| Nitric Oxide Content in Wheat Leaves and Its Relation to Programmed Cell Death of Main Stem and Tillers Under Different Nitrogen Levels |
| GUO Jun-xiang, CHEN Er-ying, YIN Yan-ping, WANG Ping, LI Yong, CHEN Xiao-guang, WU Guanglei |
1.National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R.China
2.Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou 221121, P.R.China |
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摘要 Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of plants, including programmed cell death (PCD). PCD of tillers plays an important role in surviving which are major components of grain yield. PCD was triggered in wheat leaves of main stem and tillers by NO content under different nitrogen treatments. In wheat, NO could be synthesized endogenously by nitrate reductase (NR). As an inducible enzyme, NR activity was closely related to substrate concentration. Therefore, different nitrogen levels would change NR activity and NO production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NR activity, NO production, and the correlation between them on different tillers growth, development, senescence, and kernel protein content under different nitrogen levels. Field-experiments were conducted in 2009-2011 growing seasons, using two wheat cultivars with different spike-types. Results showed that for main stem and primary tillers, NR activity and NO content reached high level at heading stage, while for secondary tiller, the level of NR activity was low, but NO content was high in the present research. The NO synthesis depending on NR activity in wheat leaves was significant in the early growing stage, but the NO synthesis weakened with the progress of growing period. NO was related to the senescence of wheat leaves, but PCD was more sensitive to marked changes of NO content than NO content itself. N application had marked influence on the aging process of primary tiller, while had little influence on that of main stem and secondary tiller. Moreover, N fertilizer application could increase spike rate and protein content of primary tiller by N fertilizer application.
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of plants, including programmed cell death (PCD). PCD of tillers plays an important role in surviving which are major components of grain yield. PCD was triggered in wheat leaves of main stem and tillers by NO content under different nitrogen treatments. In wheat, NO could be synthesized endogenously by nitrate reductase (NR). As an inducible enzyme, NR activity was closely related to substrate concentration. Therefore, different nitrogen levels would change NR activity and NO production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NR activity, NO production, and the correlation between them on different tillers growth, development, senescence, and kernel protein content under different nitrogen levels. Field-experiments were conducted in 2009-2011 growing seasons, using two wheat cultivars with different spike-types. Results showed that for main stem and primary tillers, NR activity and NO content reached high level at heading stage, while for secondary tiller, the level of NR activity was low, but NO content was high in the present research. The NO synthesis depending on NR activity in wheat leaves was significant in the early growing stage, but the NO synthesis weakened with the progress of growing period. NO was related to the senescence of wheat leaves, but PCD was more sensitive to marked changes of NO content than NO content itself. N application had marked influence on the aging process of primary tiller, while had little influence on that of main stem and secondary tiller. Moreover, N fertilizer application could increase spike rate and protein content of primary tiller by N fertilizer application.
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Received: 20 December 2011
Accepted:
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| Fund: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271661, 30871477), the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB118602), the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201203100), and the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2012BAD04B05). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence WANG Zhen-lin, Tel: +86-538-8241359, E-mail: zlwang@sdau.edu.cn
E-mail: zlwang@sdau.edu.cn
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| About author: GUO Jun-xiang, E-mail: guojunxiang80@163.com |
Cite this article:
GUO Jun-xiang, CHEN Er-ying, YIN Yan-ping, WANG Ping, LI Yong, CHEN Xiao-guang, WU Guanglei.
2013.
Nitric Oxide Content in Wheat Leaves and Its Relation to Programmed Cell Death of Main Stem and Tillers Under Different Nitrogen Levels. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(2): 239-250.
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