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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2025, Vol. 24 Issue (2): 429-440    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.05.009
Review Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Advances on ALV-J in China over the past two decades
Wenrui Fan1*, Yuntong Chen1*, Mengmeng Yu1, Yongzhen Liu1, Yulong Gao1, 2#

1 Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Preventinon, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China

2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

 Highlights 
Synthesized a thorough overview of the research progress regarding the prevalence, molecular variability, pathogenesis of ALV-J in China.
Systematically summarized the research progress regarding the diagnostic methods, and prevention and control strategies of ALV-J in China.
Provided a prospective outlook on the research of novel prevention and control strategies for ALV-J in China.
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摘要  
禽白血病是由禽白血病病毒(avian leukosis virus, ALV)引起的一种重要的肿瘤性疾病。ALV属于逆转录病毒科逆转录病毒属,共分为11个亚群(ALV-A至ALV-K)。其中J亚群ALV(ALV-J)于1999年首次传入中国,最初只在肉用型鸡中传播,随后迅速传入商品蛋鸡以及地方品种鸡中,并广泛流行。ALV-J感染鸡后通常诱导产生髓细胞瘤,也可在感染的部分蛋鸡中诱导产生血管瘤,给我国养禽业的健康发展以及种源安全造成严重威胁。ALV-J作为逆转录病毒,易发生变异。与英国最早分离的ALV-J原型毒株HPRS-103相比,我国鸡群流行的ALV-J毒株的gp85基因、U3和UTR区域出现了明显变异,致病性明显增强。其中gp85的变异导致蛋鸡和地方品种鸡ALV-J分离株形成不同于肉鸡ALV-J分离株的独立进化分支,这些变异促进了ALV-J的复制和传播能力。UTR区域中205个核苷酸的缺失以及U3区的突变是其致病性增强的重要分子基础。由于ALV的复制需要依赖于大量宿主因子的参与,因此宿主因子在ALV-J的致病中发挥重要作用,研究表明p53等肿瘤调控基因的异常表达是ALV-J诱导肿瘤发生的关键。目前还没有有效的疫苗或药物来预防和控制ALV-J感染,只能依靠净化,为此,我国学者已研制了完善的禽白血病检测技术与产品,并得到广泛应用。与此同时,通过构建基因编辑鸡来抗ALV感染的相关研究也在逐步开展。本文全面综述了自ALV-J传入我国近20年来的重要进展,有利于深入了解ALV-J对我国养禽业的危害、ALV-J的遗传变异趋势和致病特点及其可能的分子机制,也为ALV-J的防控净化和未来的研究方向提供了重要指导。


Abstract  
Avian leukosis is an important tumorigenic disease caused by the avian leukosis virus (ALV) in poultry.  ALVs belong to the retroviral family and are classified into 11 subgroups (ALV-A to ALV-K).  Among them, ALV-J was first introduced into China in 1999, spreading widely and evolving from infecting meat-type chickens to layer chickens and Chinese local chickens.  ALV-J typically induces myeloid leukosis in infected chickens, but also induces a high proportion of hemangiomas in infected layer chickens, posing a serious threat to poultry breeds in China.  As a retrovirus, the genome of ALV-J has undergone significant mutations, which may be related to the expansion of the infection host range and increased pathogenicity of ALV-J.  Over the last two decades, the introduction and spread of ALV-J in China have caused substantial losses to the poultry industry.  Specialized detection assays have been developed to combat ALV-J infections in China.  Additionally, ongoing research aims to employ gene-editing technology as a novel antiviral strategy to control the spread of ALV infections.  This review highlights the importance of understanding the impact of ALV-J on the Chinese poultry industry and emphasizes the need for ongoing research and innovation to safeguard poultry health and promote sustainable poultry farming practices in China.
Keywords:  subgroup J avian leukosis       epidemiology        molecular variation        pathogenicity        prevention and control  
Received: 06 January 2024   Accepted: 19 March 2024
Fund: This work was supported by the earmarked fund for National Natural Science Foundation of China (32230105), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41) and the National Major Agricultural Science and Technology Projects, China (NK2022100103).
About author:  Wenrui Fan, E-mail: 13484710775@163.com; E-mail: Yuntong Chen, E-mail: chenyuntong@caas.cn; #Correspondence Yulong Gao, Tel: +86-451-51091691, E-mail: gaoyulong@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

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