Barros I D, Pacheco E P, Carvalho H D. 2017. Integrated emergy and economic performance assessments of maize production in semiarid tropics: Comparing tillage systems. Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 5, 207–229.

Bundschuh J, Chen G. 2014. Sustainable Energy Solutions in Agriculture. Chemical Rubber Company Press, Boca Raton, America.

Chaudhary V P, Chandra R, Chaudhary R, Bhattacharyya R. 2021. Global warming potential and energy dynamics of conservation tillage practices for different rabi crops in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Journal of Environment Management, 296, 113182.

Ding W, Luo J, Li J, Yu H, Fan J, Liu D. 2013. Effect of long-term compost and inorganic fertilizer application on background N2O and fertilizer-induced N2O emissions from an intensively cultivated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 465, 115–124.

FAO. 2022. FAO statistics division. [2023-4-1]. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

Frank S, Havlík P, Stehfest E, van Meijl H, Witzke P, Pérez-Domínguez I, van Dijk M, Doelman J C, Fellmann T, Koopman J F L, Tabeau A, Valin H. 2019. Agricultural non-CO2 emission reduction potential in the context of the 1.5°C target. Nature Climate Change, 9, 66–72.

Hadian S, Madani K. 2015. A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green? Ecologial Indicators, 52, 194–206.

Han K, Liu P. 2022. Optimizing the N rate for maize forage to balance profits and N ecological stress. Agronomy, 12, 1–10.

He C, Wang Y, Yu W, Kou Y, Yves B, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2022. Comprehensive analysis of resource utilization efficiency under different tillage systems in North China Plain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 347, 131289.

IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014-Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

IPCC. 2019. Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. [2022-6-15]. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0959-6526(21)00618–1/sref20

Jain N, Arora P, Tomer R, Mishra S V, Bhatia A, Pathak H, Chakraborty D, Kumar V, Dubey D S, Harit R C, Singh J P. 2016. Greenhouse gases emission from soils under major crops in Northwest India. Science of the Total Environment, 542, 551–561.

Kan Z, Liu Q, He C, Jing Z, Virk A L, Qi J, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2020. Responses of grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat to tillage in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 249, 107760.

Afshar K R, Dekamin M. 2022. Sustainability assessment of corn production in conventional and conservation tillage systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351, 131508.

Aqdam K K, Miran N, Khajelou M Y, Aqdam K M, Asadzadeh F, Mosleh Z. 2021. Predicting the spatial distribution of soil mineral particles using OLI sensor in northwest of Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 377.

Lal R. 2019. Promoting “4 per thousand” and “Adapting african agriculture” by south-south cooperation: Conservation agriculture and sustainable intensification. Soil & Tillage Research, 188, 27–34.

Li D. 2017. Comprehensive effect evaluation of annual low carbon production technology for wheat and maize in North China Plain. Ph D thesis, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)

Li H, Song X, Bakken L, Ju X. 2023. Reduction of N2O emissions by DMPP depends on the interactions of nitrogen sources (digestate vs. urea) with soil properties. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 251–264.

Li L. 2021. Effect of tillage, straw returning and fertilizer types on phosphorus uptake and utilization of summer maize. MSc thesis, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an, China. (in Chinese)

Li S, Guo L, Cao C, Li C. 2021. Integrated assessment of carbon footprint, energy budget and net ecosystem economic efficiency from rice fields under different tillage modes in Central China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126398.

Li Y, Shao X, Guan W, Ren L, Liu J, Wang J, Wu Q. 2016. Nitrogen decreasing and yield-increasing effects of combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers under controlled irrigation in a paddy field. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25, 673–680.

Li Z, Chen Q, Gao F, Meng Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liu Z. 2022. Controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid enhanced carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes and maize growth. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102, 3644–3654.

Liu Q, Xu C, Han S, Li X, Kan Z, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2021. Strategic tillage achieves lower carbon footprints with higher carbon accumulation and grain yield in a wheat-maize cropping system. Science of the Total Environment, 798, 149220.

Luo X, Guo Y, Wang R, Wang N, Li C, Chu X, Feng H, Chen H. 2021. Carbon footprint of a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system under straw and plastic film mulching in the Loess Plateau of China. Science of the Total Environment, 794, 148590.

Lü F, Song J, Giltrap D, Feng Y, Yang X, Zhang S. 2020. Crop yield and N2O emission affected by long-term organic manure substitution fertilizer under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Science of the Total Environment, 732, 139321.

Lü H, Wang X, Pang Z, Zhao S. 2023. Assessment of the crucial factors influencing the responses of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to controlled release nitrogen fertilizer: A meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 3549–3559.

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2021. China Statistical Yearbook. [2023-4-1]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexch.htm

Nisar S, Benbi D K, Toor A S. 2021. Energy budgeting and carbon footprints of three tillage systems in maize-wheat sequence of north-western indo-Gangetic Plains. Energy, 229, 120661.

Peixoto D S, Silva L, Melo L B B, Azevedo R P, Araujo B C L, Carvalho T S, Moreira S G, Curi N, Silva B M. 2020. Occasional tillage in no-tillage systems: A global meta analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 745, 140887.

Pittelkow C M, Liang X, Linquist B A, van Groenigen K J, Lee J, Lundy M E, van Gestel N, Six J, Venterea R T, van Kessel C. 2015. Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517, 365–368.

Saeed Q, Zhang A, Mustafa A, Sun B, Zhang S, Yang X. 2022. Effect of long-term fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints in northwest China: A field scale investigation using wheat–maize–fallow rotation cycles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 332, 130075.

Šarauskis E, Vaitauskienė K, Romaneckas K, Jasinskas A, Butkus V, Kriaučiūnienė Z. 2017. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission analysis in different strip tillage scenarios. Energy, 118, 957–968.

Sørensen C G, Halberg N, Oudshoorn F W, Petersen B M, Dalgaard R. 2014. Energy inputs and GHG emissions of tillage systems. Biosystems Engineering, 120, 2–14.

Sun J, Wang Z, Du Y, Zhang E, Gan H, Sun D, Niu W. 2022. Optimized tillage improves yield and energy efficiency while reducing carbon footprint in winter wheat–summer maize rotation systems. Science of the Total Environment, 820, 15327.

Tian B. 2018. Comprehensive evaluation of yield and water use in different rotation systems based on high productivity of maize in North China Plain. Ph D thesis, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)

Wang B. 2013. The rules and regulation of farmland carbon cycle under conservational tillage. Ph D thesis, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China. (in Chinese)

Wang S. 2022. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization of winter wheat in dryland. Ph D thesis, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. (in Chinese)

Wang X, Qi J, Liu B, Kan Z, Zhao X, Xiao X, Zhang H. 2020. Strategic tillage effects on soil properties and agricultural productivity in the paddies of southern China. Land Degradation & Development, 31, 1277–1286.

Wang Z, Sun J, Du Y, Niu W. 2021. Conservation tillage improves the yield of summer maize by regulating soil water, photosynthesis and inferior kernel grain filling on the semiarid Loess Plateau, China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102, 2330–2341.

Wei H. 2015. Effects of annual fertilizer operation on dry matter production and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat–summer maize in sand ginger black soil. MSc thesis, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, China. (in Chinese)

Wei X, Hao M, Xue X, Shi P, Horton R, Wang A, Zhang Y. 2010. Nitrous oxide emission from highland winter wheat field after long-term fertilization. Biogeosciences, 7, 3301–3310.

Yadav G S, Babu S, Das A, Mohapatra K P, Singh R, Avasthe R K, Roy S. 2020. No-till and mulching enhance energy use efficiency and reduce carbon footprint of a direct seeded upland rice production system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122700.

Zhang J, Zhang F, Yang J, Wang J, Li M, Cai M, Li C, Cao C. 2011. Emissions of N2O and NH3, and nitrogen leaching from direct seeded rice under different tillage practices in Central China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 140, 164–173.