Galactose transporters VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26 attenuate plant immunity but enhance drought and salt tolerance

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.075

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Xiaohui Yin¹, Guoyi Yang¹, Shuo Han¹, Xiaowen Han¹, Ting Huang¹, Limeng Dong¹, Junliang Yin¹^#, Lu Hou²^#, Yujiao Liu²^#

¹Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Education /College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China ²Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources/Key Laboratory for Protection and Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Xining 810016, China

Hightlights

● This study identified 27 members of the SWEET gene family in faba bean and revealed that the VfSWEET members demonstrated spatio-temporal expression patterns under abiotic stress.

● Functional studies revealed that VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26, which encode plasma membrane-localized galactose transporters, are involved in susceptibility to pathogen infection and INF1-triggered cell death.

● Conversely, overexpression of VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26 significantly enhanced drought and salt tolerance by modulating stomatal aperture and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Abstract
References

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摘要

蚕豆是重要的粮食作物和工业作物，但其生产日益受到各种胁迫的威胁。SWEET是一类植物特异性基因，在植物的逆境反应中起着重要作用。然而，关于蚕豆SWEET的研究仍然有限。本研究从蚕豆基因组中鉴定出27个VfSWEETs。综合分析发现，这些基因具有较强的纯化选择作用，主要编码位于质膜上的疏水蛋白，具有MtN3_slv结构域特征。VfSWEETs的启动子中含有大量的应激响应顺式元件，表明它们参与了蚕豆的胁迫响应和生长调节。值得注意的是，干旱和盐胁迫下，VfSWEET19和VfSWEET26表达上调；两者都编码质膜定位的半乳糖转运蛋白。这些转运体通过抑制模式触发免疫（PTI）和破坏ROS稳态来减弱植物免疫，从而促进病原体感染。此外，它们还通过减小气孔开度和提高保水性来增强植物的耐旱性和耐盐性，从而改善水分状态，清除活性氧，缓解叶片在逆境下的萎蔫。总之，本研究揭示了半乳糖转运体VfSWEET19和VfSWEET26在降低植物免疫力的同时增强植物的耐旱性和耐盐性的双重作用，为抗性育种提供了有价值的候选基因。

Abstract

Faba bean is a vital food and industrial crop, yet its production is increasingly threatened by various stresses. SWEETs, a class of plant-specific genes, play essential roles in plant stress responses. However, knowledge regarding Vicia faba SWEETs remains limited. In this study, 27 VfSWEETs were identified from the faba bean genome. A comprehensive analysis revealed that these genes are under strong purifying selection and primarily encode hydrophobic proteins localized to the plasma membrane, featuring the characteristic MtN3_slv domain. Promoters of VfSWEETs were found to contain numerous stress-responsive cis-elements, suggesting their involvement in stress responses and growth regulation in faba bean. Notably, VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26 were upregulated under drought and salt stress; both encode plasma membrane-localized galactose transporters. These transporters attenuate plant immunity by inhibiting pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disrupting ROS homeostasis, thereby facilitating pathogen infection. Additionally, they enhance drought and salt tolerance by reducing stomatal aperture and improving water retention, which contributes to better water status, scavenging ROS, and alleviating leaf wilting under stress. In conclusion, this study highlights the dual role of galactose transporters VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26 in attenuating plant immunity while enhancing drought and salt tolerance, offering valuable candidate genes for resistance breeding.

Keywords: faba bean SWEET ROS homeostasis cell death sugar transport

Online: 31 December 2025

Fund:

This work was supported as China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA-Food Legumes (CARS-08); “Light of the West” Talent cultivation and introduction plan project by the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272500).

About author: #Correspondence Junliang Yin, E-mail: yinjunliang@yangtzeu.edu.cn; Lu Hou, E-mail: mantou428@163.com; Yujiao Liu, E-mail: 13997058356@163.com

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Xiaohui Yin, Guoyi Yang, Shuo Han, Xiaowen Han, Ting Huang, Limeng Dong, Junliang Yin, Lu Hou, Yujiao Liu. 2025. Galactose transporters VfSWEET19 and VfSWEET26 attenuate plant immunity but enhance drought and salt tolerance. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.075

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