|
|
|
|
|
| IPM - Biological and integrated management of desert locust |
| LI Shuang1, 2, 4, FENG Shi-qian1, 4, Hidayat ULLAH1, 3, TU Xiong-bing1, 4, ZHANG Ze-hua1, 4 |
1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
2 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, P.R.China
3 Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
4 Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in XilinGol Rangeland, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot 026000, P.R.China
|
|
|
|
|
摘要
蝗虫在人类历史上造成了周期性的灾难。到目前为止，蝗灾仍然是农业生产的重大威胁。沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria是危害最大的蝗虫之一，2020年非洲沙漠蝗灾害造成了巨大的经济损失，多个国家和地区宣布进入紧急状态。沙漠蝗是一种迁徙性害虫，在热带和亚热带地区发生，随季风在非洲大陆和西亚进行往复迁飞。沙漠蝗食性杂、危害重，一旦大面积暴发，将对农作物造成毁灭性灾难，严重威胁粮食安全。前期对沙漠蝗的生物学特性、生态学规律及其综合管理进行了很多报道，这篇综述旨在总结沙漠蝗的生物学特性、分布及其危害，从生物防治、生态治理等多个角度综述了沙漠蝗综合治理的最新策略，并对下一步沙漠蝗监测和防治工作提出了建议。
本文追溯了沙漠蝗起源及其分类地位，它是不完全变态昆虫，包括卵、蝗蝻和成虫3个发育阶段。沙漠蝗还具备远距离迁飞能力，每年可以繁殖1～4代，并且可从散居型转变为群居型。同时，沙漠蝗是一种杂食性昆虫，可取食禾本科、大戟科、玉米科、苋科等300多种植物，对农作物造成严重威胁，在北非、中非及西亚等65个国家均发生过沙漠蝗为害。植物挥发物可以影响沙漠蝗的行为，包括摄食、发育、休息、迁徙及生殖等。气候因素可能是影响沙漠蝗暴发的主要原因，包括温度、光照、降雨、风等，土壤因子也是沙漠蝗栖息的重要因子。沙漠蝗天敌包括捕食性天敌（鸡、鸭、鸟类等）和寄生性天敌（寄生蝇、寄生蜂等）。除直接经济损失外，沙漠蝗灾害还造成了严重的社会影响。
尽早发现和掌握沙漠蝗种群动态，对蝗灾治理具有重要意义。许多国家在沙漠蝗监测和预警方面做了大量工作。关于沙漠蝗防治的报道始于1860年。1921年，Uvarov提出了沙漠蝗“预防和控制”策略，为制定沙漠蝗综合治理策略奠定了重要基础。经过近100年的发展，现阶段初步形成了沙漠蝗综合治理策略，也就是化学防治、生物防治（信息素、微生物制剂、植物源药剂、昆虫生态调节剂、分子及遗传控制等）、生态治理（农业措施等）等多种措施的协同控制策略。本文还分析了现阶段沙漠蝗治理中存在的问题，明确了沙漠蝗治理的发展方向。
Abstract
Locusts have caused periodic disasters in the recorded history of humankind. Up to now, locust disaster is still the biggest threat to the world’s agricultural production. The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria is one of the most harmful locusts, which has caused massive food crises, economic losses, and ecological disasters. The desert locust is a migratory insect pest that occurs year-round in the tropic and subtropical regions. Under the wind and seasonal alternation, it moves and flies in the African continent and West Asia. Desert locust damages the stems and leaves of more than 300 plants, including Gramineae, Tribulus terrestris, and Euphorbiaceae. Locusts cause devastating disasters to local plants, especially field crops, and significantly threaten food security. To date, voluminous research has been conducted regarding the ecology and management of desert locusts. This review represents an effort to summarize the basic information on the biology and ecology, distribution, damage, and economic impact of desert locusts, examine the recent developments in integrated locust management, and make recommendations for future research.
|
|
Received: 06 May 2022
Accepted: 11 August 2022
|
| Fund:
This work was supported by the International Science & Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAASTIP) (CAAS-ZDRW202108), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-34-07), and the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2020YJ02).
|
| About author: LI Shuang, E-mail: sclishuang61@163.com; Correspondence Hidayat ULLAH, E-mail: shabkadar@yahoo.com; TU Xiong-bing, Tel: +86-10-82109585, E-mail: xbtu@ippcaas.cn |
Cite this article:
LI Shuang, FENG Shi-qian, Hidayat ULLAH, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua.
2022.
IPM - Biological and integrated management of desert locust. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(12): 3467-3487.
|
Abate T, van Huis A, Ampofo J K O. 2000. Pest management strategies in traditional agriculture: An African perspective. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 631–659.
Ahmad K J, Aslam A, Munir M, Ali Q, Hussain D, Malik H, Zubair M. 2020. Toxicological impact of different insecticides on the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) (Acrididae). Life Science Journal, 17, 6–10.
Akshatha P, Deeksha R, Neha H C, Munavalli J R. 2020. Automated real-time locust management using artificial intelligence. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 5, 133–138.
Akwai L K E. 2003. Field study of host plant preference of solitary desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat, Sudan. pp. 1–66.
Albrecht F O. 1953. The breeding of the red locust in captivity. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 44, 1–4.
Amwayi P W. 2013. Chemical and Molecular Analysis of the Pheromone Phenylacetonitrile in Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae). University of Pretoria, South Africa. pp. 1–137.
Anstey M L, Rogers S M, Ott S R, Burrows M, Simpson S J. 2009. Serotonin mediates behavioral gregarization underlying swarm formation in desert locusts. Science, 323, 627–630.
Assad Y O H, Hassanali A, Torto B, Mahamat H, Bashir N H H, Bashir S E L. 1997. Effects of fifth-instar volatiles on sexual maturation of adult desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23, 1373–1388.
Badisco L, Claeys I, Van Hiel M, Clynen E, Huybrechts J, Vandersmissen T, Van Soest S, Bosch L V, Simonet G, Broeck J V. 2008. Purification and characterization of an insulin-related peptide in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: immunolocalization, cDNA cloning, transcript profiling and interaction with neuroparsin. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 40,137–150.
Baker G L, Dysart R J, Pigott R G. 1996. Parasitism of grasshopper and locust eggs (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Scelio species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in southern Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 44, 427–443.
Baker G L, Pigott R. 1993. Parasitism of Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) eggs by Scelio parvicornis Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Journal of the Australian, 19, 13.
Bashir E M, El Shafie H A. 2014. Toxicity, antifeedant and growth regulating potential of three plant extracts against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forskal (Orthoptera: Acrididae). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4, 959.
Bashir M O, Hassanali A. 2010. Novel cross-stage solitarising effect of gregarious-phase adult desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål)) pheromone on hoppers. Journal of Insect Physiology, 56, 640–645.
Basiouny A, Ghoneim K. 2021. Effect of insect growth regulator, chromafenozide on the food consumption and metabolic efficiencies of the desert locust. Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal, 4, 174–194.
Barakat E M S, Meshrif W S, Shehata M G. 2002. Changes in the haemolymph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria after injection with Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society, 2, 95–115.
Bauer H C. 1976. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the cholinesterase activity in the ganglia of Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 22, 683–688.
Bennett L V. 1976. The development and termination of the 1968 plague of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 511–552.
Brader L, Djibo H, Faye F G, Ghaout S, Lazar M, Luzietoso P N, Babah M O. 2006. Towards a more effective response to desert locusts and their impacts on food security, livelihoods and poverty. In: Multilateral Evaluation of the 2003–05 Desert Locust Campaign. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. pp. 1–86.
Carlisle D B, Ellis P E, Betts E. 1965. The influence of aromatic shrubs on sexual maturation in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 11, 1541–1558.
Ceccato P, Cressman K, Giannini A, Trzaska S. 2007. The desert locust upsurge in West Africa (2003–2005): Information on the desert locust early warning system and the prospects for seasonal climate forecasting. International Journal of Pest Management, 53, 7–13.
Chapman R F. 1954. Responses of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.) to light in the laboratory. The British Journal of Animal Behaviour, 2, 146–152.
Chapuis M P, Bazelet C S, Blondin L, Foucart A, Vitalis R, Samways M J. 2016. Subspecific taxonomy of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), based on molecular and morphological characters. Systematic Entomology, 41, 516–530.
Chen C, Qian J, Chen X, Hu Z, Sun J, Wei S, Xu K. 2020. Geographic distribution of desert locusts in Africa, Asia and Europe using multiple sources of remote-sensing data. Remote Sensing, 12, 3593.
Chen H H, Kang L. 2000. Olfactory responses of two species of grasshoppers to plant odours. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95, 129–134. (in Chinese)
Chen Y L. 2002. Watch out for the outbreaks of desert locusts. Entomological Knowledge, 39, 335–339. (in Chinese)
Conte B, Piemontese L, Tapsoba A. 2020. Ancient Plagues in Modern Times: The Impact of Desert Locust Invasions on Child Health. Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, southern France. pp. 1–233.
Cooper J F, Coppen G D A, Dobson H M. 1995. Sprayed barriers of diflubenzuron (ULV) as a control technique against marching hopper bands of migratory locust Locusta migratoria capito (Sauss.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in southern Madagascar. Crop Protection, 14, 130–143.
Cornelisse T M, Hafernik J E. 2009. Effects of soil characteristics and human disturbance on tiger beetle oviposition. Ecological Entomology, 34, 495–503.
Coupland R E. 1957. Observations on the normal histology and histochemistry of the fat body of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria). Journal of Experimental Biology, 34, 290–296.
Cressman K. 1996. Current methods of desert locust forecasting at FAO. EPPO Bulletin, 26, 577–585.
Cressman K. 1997. Swarms: A geographic information system for desert locust forecasting. In: New Strategies in Locust Control. Birkhäuser Basel, Boston, USA. pp. 27–35.
Cressman K. 2001. Desert Locust Guidelines: Information and Forecasting. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. pp. 1–41.
Cressman K, Hodson D. 2009. Surveillance, information sharing and early warning systems for trans boundary plant pests diseases: The FAO experience. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 27, 226–232.
Cressman K. 2013. Role of remote sensing in desert locust early warning. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 7, 075098.
Cullen D A, Cease A J, Latchininsky A V, Ayali A, Berry K, Buhl J, De Keyser R, Foquet B, Hadrich J C, Matheson T, Ott S R. 2017. From molecules to management: mechanisms and consequences of locust phase polyphenism. In: Advances in Insect Physiology. Academic Press, Leuven, Belgium. pp. 167–285.
Cullen D A, Sword G A, Dodgson T, Simpson S J. 2010. Behavioural phase change in the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, is triggered by tactile stimulation of the antennae. Journal of Insect Physiology, 56, 937–942.
Despland E, Collett M, Simpson S J. 2000. Small-scale processes in desert locust swarm formation: How vegetation patterns influence gregarization. Oikos, 88, 652–662.
Devi S. 2020. Locust swarms in east Africa could be “A Catastrophe”. The Lancet, 395, 547.
Dirsh V M. 1951. A new biometrical phase character in locusts. Nature, 167, 281–282.
Dobson H M. 2001. Desert Locust Guidelines: Control. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, FAO, New York. pp. 1–82.
Driver F, Milner R J, Trueman W H. 2000. A taxonomic revision of Metarhizium based on a phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycological Research, 104, 135–151.
Duranton J F, Lecoq M. 1990. Le Criquet Pelerin Au Sahel (Collection Acridologie opérationnelle). vol. 6. In: Niamey, Niger: Comité permanent Inter-Etats de lutte contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel and Dép. De Formation En Protection Des Végétaux, département de Formation en Pro Centre AGRHYMET tection des Végétaux (DFPV), Netherlands. p. 183. (in French)
Elliott C C H. 2000. FAO’s perspective on migratory pests. Workshop on Research Priorities for Migrant Pests of Agriculture in Southern Africa. Chatham, UK, 3, 17.
Elliot S L. Blanford S. Horton C M, Thomas M B. 2003. Fever and phenotype: Transgenerational effect of disease on desert locust phase state. Ecology Letters, 6, 830–836.
Ellis P E, Ashall C. 1957. Field studies on diurnal behaviour, movement and aggregation in the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål). Anti-Locust Bulletin, 25, 1–103.
Enserink M. 2004. Entomology: An insect’s extreme makeover. Science, 306, 1881.
Escorihuela M J, Merlin O, Stefan V, Moyano G, Eweys O A, Zribi M, Kamara S, Benahi A S, Ebbe M A B, Chihrane J, Ghaout S. 2018. SMOS based high resolution soil moisture estimates for desert locust preventive management. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 11, 140–150.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1989. Desert locust research priorities. In: Report of the FAO Research Advisory Panel. 2–5 May, 1989. FAO, Rome, Italy.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2020. Desert locust. FAO, Rome. [2020-04-16]. http://www.fao.org/locusts/en/
Ferenz H J, Seidelmann K. 2003. Pheromones in relation to aggregation and reproduction in desert locusts. Physiological Entomology, 28, 11–18.
Flint M L, Van den Bosch R. 2012. Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany. pp. 87–116.
Gao W Y, Ma C Y, Zhang Z R. 2019. Green Pest Control in Inner Mongolia Grassland. China Agricultural Press, China. pp. 1–172. ( in Chinese)
Ghoneim K S, Tanani M A, Basiouny A L. 2009. Influenced survival and development of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Acrididae) by the wild plant Fagonia bruguieri (Zygophyllaceae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 147–164.
Goettel M S, Johnson D L. 1997. Microbial control of grasshoppers and locusts. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1–400.
Gómez D, Salvador P, Sanz J. 2019. Desert locust detection using Earth observation satellite data in Mauritania. Journal of Arid Environments, 164, 29–37.
Gómez D, Salvador P, Sanz J, Casanova J L. 2020. Modelling desert locust presences using 32-year soil moisture data on a large-scale. Ecological Indicators, 117, 106655.
Greathead D J. 1958. Observations on two species of Systoechus (Diptera: Bombyliidae) preying on the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål), in Eastern Africa. Entomophaga, 3, 3–22.
Greathead D J. 1966. A brief survey of the effects of biotic factors on populations of the desert locust. Journal of Applied Ecology, 3, 239–250.
Greathead D J. 1992. Natural enemies of tropical locusts and grasshoppers: their impact and potential as biological control agents. In: Seminar on Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers. 29 April–1 May 1991, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Republic of Benin. pp. 105–121.
Hahn N, Fuchs B, Fortna M, Cobb E, Iqbal M Z. 2022. Learning sustainable locust control methods in virtual reality. TechRxiv, doi: 10.36227/techrxiv.19093160.v1.
Hamdaoui A, Schoofs L, Wateleb S, Bosch L V, Verhaert P, Waelkens E, Loof A D. 1997. Purification of a novel, heat-stable serine protease inhibitor protein from ovaries of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 238, 350–360.
Hamdaoui A, Wataleb S, Devreese B, Chioub S J, Broeck J V, Beeumenc J V, Loof A D, Schoofs L. 1998. Purification and characterization of a group of five novel peptide serine protease inhibitors from ovaries of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. FEBS Letters, 422, 74–78.
Hamilton A G. 1950. Further studies on the relation of humidity and temperature to the development of two species of African locusts. Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.) and Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 101, 1.
Hansen M J, Buhl J, Bazazi S, Simpson S J, Sword G A. 2011. Cannibalism in the lifeboat-collective movement in Australian plague locusts. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65, 1715–1720.
Hassanali A, Bashir M O. 1999. Insights for the management of different locust species from new findings on the chemical ecology of the desert locust. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 19, 369–376.
Hassanali A, Njagi P G, Bashir M O. 2005. Chemical ecology of locusts and related acridids. Annual Review of Entomology, 50, 223–245.
Healey R G, Robertson S G, Magor J, Pender J, Cressman K. 1996. A GIS for desert locust forecasting and monitoring. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 10, 117–136.
Hemming C F. 1978. The centre for overseas pest research (COPR) a scientific unit of the ministry of overseas development, UK. International Journal of Pest Management, 24, 192–198.
Hochkirch A, Gröning J, Krause S. 2007. Intersexual niche segregation in Cepero’s Ground-hopper, Tetrix ceperoi. Evolutionary Ecology, 21, 727–738.
Huang W J. 2020. Report of Monitoring and Assessment of Desert Locust in Africa and Asia, Desert Locust Invasion in Africa and Asia. RSCROP, Beijing, China.
Hughes T D. 1980. The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. I. A description of the behaviour. Physiological Entomology, 5, 47–54.
Van Huis A. 1995. Desert locust plagues. Endeavour, 19, 118–124.
Van Huis A, Cressman K, Magor J I. 2007. Preventing desert locust plagues: Optimizing management interventions. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 122, 191–214.
Van Huis A, Woldewahid G, Toleubayev K, Van Der Werf W. 2008. Relationships between food quality and fitness in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, and its distribution over habitats on the Red Sea coastal plain of Sudan. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 127, 144–156.
Hunter-Jones P. 1964. Egg development in the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) in relation to the availability of water. In: Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology. vol. 39, No. 1–3. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. pp. 25–33.
Hunter-Jones P. 1970. The effect of constant temperature on egg development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 59, 707–718.
Huque H, Jaleel M A. 1970. Temperature-induced quiescence in the eggs of the desert locust. Journal of Economic Entomology, 63, 1398–1400.
Jago N D, Antoniou A, Scott P. 1979. Laboratory evidence showing the separate species status of Schistocerca gregaria, americana and cancellata (Acrididae, Crytacanthacridinae). Systematic Entomology, 4, 133–142.
Ji R, Xie B Y, Li D M, Li Z, Zeng X C. 2007. Relationships between spatial pattern of Locusta migratoria manilensis eggpods and soil property variability in coastal areas. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 1865–1869.
Johnson D L. 1997. Nosematidae and other Protozoa as agents for control of grasshoppers and locusts: current status and prospects. The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 171, 375–389.
Johnson D L, Pavlikova E. 1986. Reduction of consumption by grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) infected with Nosema locustae canning (Microsporida: Nosematidae). The Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 48, 232–238.
Kennedy J S. 1951. The Migration of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.). I. The Behaviour of Swarms. II. A Theory of Long-Range Migrations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, London, France. pp. 163–290.
Krall S, Peveling R, Diallo B D, (eds). 2012. New strategies in locust control. In: Deustsche Bibliothek Cataloging in Publicationg. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Boston, Berlin. pp. 81–233.
Kumar K S, Abdul Rahman A. 2021. Early detection of locust swarms using deep learning. In: Patnaik S, Yang X S, Sethi I, eds., Advances in Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence.Springer, Singapore. pp. 303–310.
Lecoq M. 2001. Recent progress in desert and migratory locust management in Africa: Are preventative actions possible? Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 10, 277–291.
Lecoq M. 2003. Desert locust threat to agricultural development and food security and FAO/international role in its control. Arab Society for Plant Protection, 21, 188–193.
Lecoq M, Luong-Skovmand M H, Rachadi T. 2000. General policy in locust management in Indonesia. Proposal for a long-term program. Report and recommendations based on a survey conducted in Kalimantan, Sumba and Sumatra from 7–30 July 2000. CIRAD, Montpellier, France. p. 64.
Lester R L, Grach C, Pener M P, Simpson S J. 2005. Stimuli inducing gregarious colouration and behaviour in nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 51, 737–747.
Li S, Wang J T, Pan F, Liu L L, Wang K F, Wang W C, Yao G M, Yang Z, Tu X B, Zhang Z H. 2021. Analysis on adaptability of temperature and food in Schistocerca gregaria. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 48, 13–27. (in Chinese)
Linton Y M, Nisbet A J, Mordue A J. 1997. The effects of azadirachtin on the testes of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål. Journal of Insect Physiology, 43, 1077–1084.
Liu Q H , Xin Z, Zhou Q. 2017. Visual reaction effects induced and stimulated by different lights on phototactic bio-behaviors in Locusta migratoria manilensis. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10, 173–181.
Loher W. 1961. The chemical acceleration of the maturation process and its hormonal control in the male of the desert locust. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B: Biological Sciences), 153, 380–397.
Lomer C J, Bateman R P, Dent D, De Groote H, Douro-Kpindou O K, Kooyman C, Langewald J, Ouambama Z, Peveling R, Thomas M. 1999. Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1, 71–88.
Lomer C J, Bateman R P, Johnson D L, Langewald J, Thomas M. 2001. Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Annual Review of Entomology, 46, 667–673.
Maeno K, Tanaka S. 2009a. The trans-generational phase accumulation in the desert locust: Morphometric changes and extra molting. Journal of Insect Physiology. 55, 1013–1020.
Maeno K, Tanaka S. 2009b. Artificial miniaturization causes eggs laid by crowd-reared (gregarious) desert locusts to produce green (solitarious) offspring in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 55, 849–854.
Maeno K O, Ely S O, Nakamura S, Abdellaoui K, Cissé S, Jaavar M E H, Mohamed O, Atheimine M, Babah M A O. 2016. Daily microhabitat shifting of solitarious-phase desert locust adults: Implications for meaningful population monitoring. Springerplus, 5, 1–10.
Maeno K O, Ely S O, Mohamed S O, Jaavar M E H, Nakamura S, Babah M A O. 2018. Behavioral plasticity in antipredator defense in the desert locust. Journal of Arid Environments, 158, 47–50.
Maeno K O, Ely S O, Mohamed S A O, Jaavar M E H, Nakamura S, Ebbe M A O B. 2019. Defence tactics cycle with diel microhabitat choice and body temperature in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Ethology, 125, 250–261.
Maeno K O, Piou C, Ely S O, Babah M A O, Pélissié B, Mohamed S O, Nakamura S. 2013. Plant size-dependent escaping behavior of gregarious nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Behavior, 26, 623–633.
Magor J I, Lecoq M, Hunter D M. 2008. Preventive control and desert locust plagues. Crop Protection, 27, 1527–1533.
Marchal E, Badisco L, Verlinden H, Vandersmissen T, Van Soest S, Van Wielendaele P, Broeck J V. 2011. Role of the Halloween genes, Spook and Phantom in ecdysteroidogenesis in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 57, 1240–1248.
Martin P A, Johnson D L, Forsyth D J, Hill B D. 1998. Indirect effects of the pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin on reproductive success of chestnut collared longspurs. Ecotoxicology, 7, 89–97.
Matthews G A. 2021. New technology for desert locust control. Agronomy, 11, 1052.
Meshrif W S, Barakat E M S. 2002. Cell mediated immunity in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria against the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Egyptian Academy of Social Environment and Development and Entomology, 2, 117–130.
Meynard C N, Gay P E, Lecoq M, Foucart A, Piou C, Chapuis M P. 2017. Climate-driven geographic distribution of the desert locust during recession periods: Subspecies’ niche differentiation and relative risks under scenarios of climate change. Global Change Biology, 23, 4739–4749.
Moore D, Reed M, Le Patourel G, Abraham Y J, Prior C. 1992. Reduction of feeding by the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, after infection with Metarhizium flavoviride. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 60, 304–307.
Mullie W C. 2009. Chapter 14. Birds, locusts and grasshoppers. In: Zwarts L, Bijlsma RG, van der Kamp J, Wymenga E, eds., Living on the Edge. Wetlands and Birds in a Changing Sahel. KNNV Publishing, Zeist. pp. 202–223.
Nevo D. 1996. The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, and its control in the land of Israel and the Near East in antiquity, with some reflections on its appearance in Israel in modern times. Phytoparasitica, 24, 7–32.
Newland P L, Yates P. 2008. The role of contact chemoreception in egg-laying behaviour of locusts. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54, 273–285.
Nishide Y, Suzuki T, Tanaka S. 2017. Synchrony in the hatching of eggs in the desert locust Schistocercca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Egg condition influences hatching time in the laboratory and under simulated field temperatures. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 52, 599–604.
Nishide Y, Tanaka S, Saeki S. 2015. Egg hatching of two locusts, Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria, in response to light and temperature cycles. Journal of Insect Physiology, 76, 24–29.
Njagi P G N, Torto B. 1996. Responses of nymphs of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria to volatiles of plants used as rearing diet. Chemoecology, 7, 172–178.
Ould Ely S, Njagi P G, Bashir M O, El-Amin S E T, Hassanali A. 2011. Diel behavioral activity patterns in adult solitarious desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). Psyche: A Journal of Enotomology, 2011, 1–9.
Pekel J F, Ceccato P, Vancutsem C, Cressman K, Vanbogaert E, Defourny P. 2010. Development and application of multi-temporal colorimetric transformation to monitor vegetation in the desert locust habitat. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 4, 318–326.
Pierozzi I. 1996. Flight behaviour of Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Rhen, 1906) swarms in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Gomphocerinae). In: Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, France. pp. 1–53.
Popov G B. 1958. Ecological studies on oviposition by swarms of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal) in eastern Africa. Ecological Studies on Oviposition by Swarms of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca Gregaria Forskal) in Eastern Africa, 31, 70.
Popov G B, Duranton J F, Gigault J. 1991. Etude Écologique des Biotopes du Criquet pèlerin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) en Afrique Nord Occidentale. Mise en Évidence et Description des Unités Territoriales Écologiquement Homogènes. CIRAD-PRIFAS, Montpellier, France. p. 744. (in French)
Posamentier H, Magor J. 1997. Results and recommendations of the working group management strategies. In: New Strategies in Locust Control. Birkhäuser, Basel. pp. 515–517.
Prior C, Streett D A. 1997. Strategies for the use of entomopathogens in the control of the desert locust and other acridoid pests. The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 5–25.
Rai M M, Hassanali A, Saini R K, Odongo H, Kahoro H. 1997. Identification of components of the oviposition aggregation pheromone of the gregarious desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal). Journal of Insect Physiology, 43, 83–87.
Rainey R C. 1951. Weather and the movements of locust swarms: a new hypothesis. Nature, 168, 1057–1060.
Rainey R C, Betts E, Lumley A, Rainey R C. 1979. The decline of the desert locust plague in the 1960s: Control operations or natural causes? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B: Biological Sciences), 287, 315–344.
Rhodes K, Sagan V. 2021. Integrating remote sensing and machine learning for regional-scale habitat mapping: Advances and future challenges for desert locust monitoring. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, 10, 289–319.
Ritchie J M, Dobson H. 1995. Desert Locust Control Operations and their Environmental Impacts. Natural Resources Institute, UK Chatham, UK. pp. 1–34.
Robinson T P, Wint G W, Conchedda G. 2014. Mapping the global distribution of livestock. PLoS ONE, 9, e96084.
Rodgers P B. 1993. Potential of biopesticides in agriculture. Pesticide Science, 39, 117–129.
Roffey J. 1963. Observations on gliding in the desert locust. Animal Behaviour, 11, 359–366.
Roffey J, Popov G. 1968. Environmental and behavioural processes in a desert locust outbreak. Nature, 219, 446–450.
Rogers S M, Matheson T, Sasaki K, Kendrick K, Simpson S J, Burrows M. 2004. Substantial changes in central nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators accompany phase change in the locust. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, 3603–3617.
Rosenberg J, Burt P J. 1999. Windborne displacements of desert locusts from Africa to the Caribbean and South America. Aerobiologia, 15, 167–175.
Rowley J, Bennett O. 1993. Grasshoppers and locusts. In: The Plague of the Sahe. The Panos Institute, London, Great Britain. pp. 690–691.
Salih A A, Baraibar M, Mwangi K K, Artan G. 2020. Climate change and locust outbreak in East Africa. Nature Climate Change, 10, 584–585.
Saini R K, Rai M M, Hassanali A, Wawiye J, Odongo H. 1995. Semiochemicals from froth of egg pods attract ovipositing female Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology, 41, 711–716.
Santos D, Vanden Broeck J, Wynant N. 2014. Systemic RNA interference in locusts: Reverse genetics and possibilities for locust pest control. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 6, 9–14.
Sh H K, Ghoneim K S, Tanani M A. 2012. Effect of certain insect growth regulators on the lipid content of some tissues of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 6, 121–128.
Shah P A, Evans H C. 1997. Sorosporella: A cryptic pathogen of grasshoppers and locusts in Africa. Mycologist, 11, 106–110.
Sharma A. 2014. Locust control management: moving from traditional to new technologies - an empirical analysis. Entomology, Ornithology and Herpetology, 4, 2161–2183.
Showler A T. 1995. Locust (Orthoptera: Acrididae) outbreak in Africa and Asia, 1992–1994: An overview. American Entomologist, 41, 179–185.
Showler A T. 2002. A summary of control strategies for the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Forskål. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 90, 97–103.
Showler A T. 2008. Desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Plagues. In: Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2nd ed. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. pp. 1181–1186.
Showler A T, Lecoq M. 2021. Incidence and ramifications of armed conflict in countries with major desert locust breeding areas. Agronomy, 11, 114.
Showler A T, Potter C S. 1991. Synopsis of the 1986–1989 desert locust (Orthoptera: Acrididae) plague and the concept of strategic control. American Entomologist, 37, 106–110.
Simpson S J, Despland E, Hägele B F, Dodgson T. 2001. Gregarious behavior in desert locusts is evoked by touching their back legs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 3895–3897.
Simpson S J, McCaffery A R, Hägele B F. 1999. A behavioural analysis of phase change in the desert locust. Biological Reviews, 74, 461–480.
Simpson S J, Sword G A. 2008. Locusts. Current Biology, 18, R364–R366.
Singh R P, Pant N C. 1980. Lycorine - a resistance factor in the plants of subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae) against desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria F. Experientia, 36, 552–553.
Skaf R, Popov G B, Roffey J. 1990. The desert locust: An international challenge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B: Biological Sciences), 328, 525–538.
Song H. 2004. On the origin of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B: Biological Sciences), 271, 1641–1648.
Song H. 2006. Systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with a Focus on the Genus Schistocerca Stål 1873: Evolution of Locust Phase Polyphenism and Study of Insect Genitalia. The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. pp. 1–147.
Song H. 2011. Density-dependent phase polyphenism in nonmodel locusts: A mmini review. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2011, 1–16.
Spit J, Breugelmans B, van Hoef V, Simonet G, Zels S, Broeck J V. 2012. Growth-inhibition effects of pacifastin-like peptides on a pest insect: The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Peptides, 34, 251–257.
Stower W J, Davies D E, Jones I B. 1960. Morphometric studies of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 309–339.
Symmons P M, Cressman K. 2001. Desert Locust Guidelines: Biology and Behaviour. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. pp. 1–42.
Tanaka S, Harano K I, Nishide Y. 2012. Re-examination of the roles of environmental factors in the control of body-color polyphenism in solitarious nymphs of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria with special reference to substrate color and humidity. Journal of Insect Physiology, 58, 89–101.
Tanaka S, Saeki S, Nishide Y, Sugahara R, Shiotsuki T. 2016. Body-color and behavioral responses by the mid-instar nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to crowding and visual stimuli. Entomological Science, 19, 391–400.
Thomas N, Nigam S. 2018. Twentieth-century climate change over Africa: Seasonal hydroclimate trends and Sahara Desert expansion. Journal of Climate, 31, 3349–3370.
Torto B, Kirwa H, Kihika R, Niassy S. 2021. Odor composition of field versus laboratory desert locust populations. Journal of Insect Physiology, 134, 104–296.
Torto B, Obeng-ofori D, Hassanali A, Amiani H. 1994. Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20, 1749–1762.
Tounou A K, Kooyman C, Douro-Kpindou O K, Poehling H M. 2008. Interaction between Paranosema locustae and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, two pathogens of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria under laboratory conditions. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97, 203–210.
Tratalos J A, Cheke R A, Healey R G, Stenseth N C. 2010. Desert locust populations, rainfall and climate change: Insights from phenomenological models using gridded monthly data. Climate Research, 43, 229–239.
Uvarov B. 1977. Grasshoppers and Locusts. A Handbook of General Acridology. vol. 2. Behaviour, Ecology, Biogeography, Population Dynamics. Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London, UK, pp. 1–613.
Uvarov B P. 1921. A revision of the genus Locusta, L. (= Pachytylus, Fieb.), with a new theory as to the periodicity and migrations of locusts. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12, 135–163.
Uvarov B P. 1923a. A revision of the old world Cyrtacanthacrini (Orthoptera, Acrididæ). I. Introduction and key to genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 130–144.
Uvarov B P. 1923b. XLVII - A revision of the old world Cyrtacanthacrini (Orthoptera, Acrididae). II. Genera Phyxacra to Willemsea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 473–490.
De Vreyer P, Guilbert N, Mesplé-Somps S. 2012. The 1987–89 locust plague in Mali: Evidences of the heterogeneous impact of income shocks on education outcomes. UMR DIAL development Institutions and Mondialisation, 225, 1–22. (in French)
Veen K H. 1968. Recherches Sur la Maladie, Due Al Metarrhizium Anisopliae Chez le Criquet Pelerin. Wageningen University and Research, Mededelingen Land Bouwhoge School Wageningen, Nederland. pp. 1–58. (in Dutch)
Verlinden H, Sterck L, Li J, Li Z, Yssel A, Gansemans Y, Verdonck R, Holtof M, Song H J, Behmer S T, Sword G A, Matheson T, Ott S R, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van de Peer Y, Vanden Broeck J. 2020. First draft genome assembly of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. F1000 Research, 9, 775.
Waldner F, Ebbe M A B, Cressman K, Defourny P. 2015. Operational monitoring of the desert locust habitat with earth observation: An assessment. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4, 2379–2400.
Wang S, Fang W, Wang C Leger R J. 2011. Insertion of an esterase gene into a specific locust pathogen (Metarhizium acridum) enables it to infect caterpillars. PLoS Pathogens, 7, e1002097.
Wang X, Kang L. 2014. Molecular mechanisms of phase change in locusts. Annual Review of Entomology, 59, 225–244.
Waloff N, Popov G B. 1990. Sir Boris Uvarov (1889–1970): the father of acridology. Annual Review of Entomology, 35, 1–26.
Waloff Z, Pedgley D E. 1986. Comparative biogeography and biology of the South American locust, Schistocerca cancellata (Serville), and the South African desert locust, S. gregaria flaviventris (Burmeister) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 76, 1–20.
Van Der Werf W, Woldewahid G, Van Huis A, Butrous M, Sykora K. 2005. Plant communities can predict the distribution of solitarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42, 989–997.
Weis-Fogh T. 1956. Biology and physics of locust flight. II. Flight performance of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Series B: Biological Sciences), 239, 459–510.
White T C R. 1976. Weather, food and plagues of locusts. Oecologia, 22, 119–134.
Williams L H. 1954. The feeding habits and food preferences of Acrididae and the factors, which determine them. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105, 423–454.
Woldewahid G, Van Der Werf W, Van Huis A, Stein A. 2004. Spatial distribution of populations of solitarious adult desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) on the coastal plain of Sudan. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 6, 181–191.
Woodman J D. 2017. Effects of substrate salinity on oviposition, embryonic development and survival in the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker). Journal of Insect Physiology, 96, 9–13.
Yates F. 1960. Sampling Methods for Censuses and Surveys-Revised and Enlarged. Charles Griffin & Company, London. pp. 46–72.
Yin X, Shi J, Yin Z. 1996. A Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World: Orthoptera: Caelifera. China Forestry Publishing House, China. pp. 1–316. (in Chinese)
Zhang J Z, Liu X J, Zhang J Q, Li D Q, Sun Y, Guo Y P, Ma E B, Zhu K Y. 2010. Silencing of two alternative splicing-derived mRNA variants of chitin synthase 1 gene by RNAi is lethal to the oriental migratory locust. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40, 824–833.
Zhang L, Lecoq M, Latchininsky A, Hunter D. 2019. Locust and grasshopper management. Annual Review of Entomology, 64, 15–34.
Zhang S, Zhang X, Shen J, Li D, Wan H, You H, Li J. 2017. Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of resistance to indoxacarb in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 140, 85–89.
Zoltán G, András P, László G, Andraâ P. 2002. Comparative structure analysis of proteinase inhibitors from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. European Journal of Biochemistry, 269, 527–537.
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
