Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2017, Vol. 16 Issue (05): 1173-1183    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61571-X
Soil & Fertilization﹒Irrigation﹒Plant Nutrition﹒ Agro-Ecology & Environment Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Peach yield and fruit quality is maintained under mild deficit irrigation in semi-arid China
ZHOU Han-mi1, ZHANG Fu-cang2, Roger Kjelgren3, WU Li-feng2, GONG Dao-zhi4, ZHAO Na1, YIN Dong-xue1, XIANG You-zhen2, LI Zhi-jun2

1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, P.R.China

2 Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China

3 Department of Plant Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA

4 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China

Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  We conducted a two-year study of deficit irrigation impact on peach yield and quality in semi-arid northwest China.  Over two years, four-year-old peach trees were irrigated at 100, 75, 50 and 25% of peach evapotranspiration (ETc), here, ETc= Coefficient (Kc)×Local reference evapotranspiration (ETo).  During the April-July fruit production season we measured root zone soil water depletion, sap flow velocity, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE=Pn/Tr), fruit quality, and yield under a mobile rain-out shelter.  Increased soil water depletion reasonably mirrored decreasing irrigation rates both years, causing progressively greater water stress.  Progressive water stress lowered Gs, which in turn translated into lower Tr as measured by sap flow.  However, mild deficit irrigation (75% ETc) constricted Tr more than PnPn was not different between 100 and 75% ETc treatments in both years, and it decreased only 5–8% in June with higher temperature than that in May with cooler temperature.  Concurrently under 75% ETc treatment, Tr was reduced, and WUE was up to 13% higher than that under 100% ETc treatment.  While total fruit yield was not different under the two treatments, because 75% ETc treatment had fewer but larger fruit than 100% ETc trees, suggesting mild water stress thinned fruit load.  By contrast, sharply decreased Tr and Pn of the driest treatments (50 and 25% ETc) increased WUE, but less carbon uptake impacted total fruit yield, resulting 13 and 33% lower yield compared to that of 100% ETc treatment.  Irrigation rates affected fruit quality, particularly between the 100 and 75% ETc trees.  Fewer but larger fruit in the mildly water stressed  trees (75% ETc) resulted in more soluble solids and vitamin C, firmer fruit, and improved sugar:acid ratio and fruit color compared to the 100% ETc treatment.  Overall, trees deficit irrigated at 75% ETc maintained yield while improving fruit quality and using less water. 
Keywords:   peach      deficit irrigation      fruit quality      yield      sap flow velocity      net photosynthetic rate (Pn)  
Received: 29 November 2016   Accepted:
Fund: 

We are grateful for the financial support from the National High-Tech R&D Program, China (863 Program, 2011AA100504), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51579211), the Key Research Project of Universities in Henan Province, China (16A416005), the 111 Project of the Chinese Education Ministry (B12007), the Initial Fund for Doctoral Reserch of Henan University of Science and Technology, China (13480016), the China Scholarship Council and USDA Agricultural Experiment Station CRIS Project (01129).

Corresponding Authors:  ZHANG Fu-cang, Tel: +86-29-87091151, E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn; ZHOU Han-mi, Mobile: +86-18538477887, E-mail: zhouhm@163.com    

Cite this article: 

ZHOU Han-mi, ZHANG Fu-cang, Roger Kjelgren, WU Li-feng, GONG Dao-zhi, ZHAO Na, YIN Dong-xue, XIANG You-zhen, LI Zhi-jun. 2017. Peach yield and fruit quality is maintained under mild deficit irrigation in semi-arid China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(05): 1173-1183.

Abrisqueta I, Vera J, Tapia L M, Abrisqueta J M, Ruiz-Sánchez M C. 2012. Soil water content criteria for peach trees water stress detection during the postharvest period. Agricultural Water Management, 104, 62–67.
Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, Smith M. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56. FAO, Rome.
Ballester C, Castel J, Intrigliolo D S, Castel J R. 2013. Response of navel lane late citrus trees to regulated deficit irrigation: Yield components and fruit composition. Irrigation Science, 31, 333–341.
Block G. 1992. Vitamin C status and cancer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 669, 280–290.
Bussakorn S, Mpelasoka M, Hossein B. 2002. Production of aroma volatiles in response to deficit irrigation and to crop load in relation to fruit maturity for ‘Braeburn’ apple postharvest. Biology and Technology, 24,111–116.
Chalmers D J, Mitchell P D, Van Heek L. 1981. Control of peach tree growth and productivity by regulated water supply, tree density and summer pruning. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 106, 307–312.
Chen D, Wang Y, Liu S, Wei X, Wang X. 2014. Response of relative sap flow to meteorological factors under different soil moisture conditions in rainfed jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) plantations in semiarid Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 136, 23–33.
Clarke J M, Richard R A, Condon A G. 1991. Effect of drought stress on residual transpiration and its relationship with water use of wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 71, 695–702.
Cuevas J, Canete M L, Pinillos V, Zapata A J, Fernandez M D, Gonzalez M, Hueso J J. 2007. Optimal dates for regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Algerie’ loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivated in Southeast Spain. Agricultural Water Management, 89, 131–136.
Cui N B, Du T S, Li Z T, Wang M X, Guo J. 2009. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages on greenhouse pear-jujube quality. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 25, 32–38. (in Chinese)
Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Sofo A, Montanaro G. 2007. Effects of post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation on carbohydrate and nitrogen partitioning, yield quality and vegetative growth of peach trees. Plant and Soil, 290, 127–137.
Fereres E, Soriano M A. 2007. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 147-159.
Fernandez J E, Palomo M J, Diaz-Espejo A, Clothier B E, Green S R. 2001. Heat-pulse measurements of sap flow in olives for automating irrigation: Tests, root flow and diagnostics of water stress. Agricultural Water Management, 51, 99–123.
Gelly M, Recasens I, Girona J, Mata M, Arbones A, Rufat J, Marsal J, 2004. Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84, 561–568.
Ginestar C, Castel J R. 1996. Responses of young clementine citrus trees to water stress during different phonological periods. Journal of Horticultural Science, 71, 551–560.
Girona J, Mata M, Arbones A, Alegre S, Rufat J, Marsal J. 2003. Peach tree response to single and combined regulated deficit irrigation regimes under shallow soils. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128, 432–440.
Goldhammer D A, Salinas M, Crisosto C, Day K R, Soler M, Moriana A. 2002. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and partial root zone drying on late harvest peach tree performance. Acta Horticulturae, 592, 343–350.
Granier A. 1985. Une nouvelle methode pour la mesure du flux deseve brute dans le tronc des arbres. Annales des Sciences Forestières, 42, 193–200. (in French)
Kader A A. 1999. Fruit maturity, ripening, and quality relationships. Acta Horticulturae, 485, 203–208.
Kang S Z, Du T S, Sun J S, Ding R S. 2007. Theory and technology of improving irrigation water use efficiency based on crop growing water demand information. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 38, 661–667. (in Chinese)
Kilili A W, Behboudian M H, Mills T M M. 1996. Composition and quality of ‘Braeburn’ apples under reduced irrigation. Scientia Horticulturae, 67, 1–11.
Laribi A I, Palou L, Intrigliolo D S, Nortes P A, Rojas-Argudo C, Taberner V, Bartual J, Perez-Gago M B. 2013. Effect of sustained and regulated de?cit irrigation on fruit quality of pomegranate cv. ‘Mollar de Elche’ at harvest and during cold storage. Agricultural Water Management, 125, 61–70.
Leib B G, Caspari H W, Redulla C A, Andrews P K, Jabro J J. 2006. Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation of ‘Fuji’ apples in a semiarid climate. Irrigation Science, 24, 85–99.
Liu C, Du T, Li F, Kang S, Li S, Tong L. 2012. Trunk sap ?ow characteristics during two growth stages of apple tree and its relationships with affecting factors in an arid region of northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 104, 193–202.
Liu X, Li F, Zhang Y, Yang Q. 2016. Effects of deficit irrigation on yield and nutritional quality of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) under different N rates in dry and hot region of southwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 172, 1-8.
Ma F, Kang S, Wang M, Pang X, Wang J, Li Z. 2006. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and fruit quality of pear-jujube tree in greenhouse. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 40, 37–43. (in Chinese)
Maria E P, Francisco A, Encarna A, Gines B A, Alejandro G, Francisco A, Perla A G. 2013. Effect of sustained deficit irrigation on physicochemical properties bioactive compounds and postharvest life of pomegranate fruit (cv. ‘Mollar de Elche’). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 86, 171–180.
Morandi B, Losciale P, Manfrini L, Zibordi M, Anconelli S, Galli F, Grappadelli L C. 2014. Increasing water stress negatively affects pear fruit growth by reducing first its xylem and then its phloem inflow. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171, 1500–1509.
Mousavi S A, Alimohammadi R, Tatari M. 2009. Effect of deficit irrigation during different phenological stages of fruit growth and development on yield of almond “cv. Mamaei”. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 25, 207-227.
Mpelasoka B S, Behboudian M H. 2002. Production of aroma volatiles in response to deficit irrigation and to crop load in relation to fruit maturity for ‘Braeburn’ apple. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 24, 1–11.
Mpelasoka B S, Behboudian M H, Mills T M. 2001. Effects of deficit irrigation on fruit maturity and quality of ‘Braeburn’ apple. Scientia Horticulturae, 90, 279–290.
Naor A, Stern R, Peres M, Greenblat Y, Gal Y, Flaishman M A. 2005. Timing and severity of postharvest water stress affect following-year productivity and fruit quality of field-grown ‘Snow Queen’ nectarine. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130, 806–812.
Ortuno M F, Alarcon J J, Nicolas E, Torrecillas A. 2004. Comparison of continuously recorded plant-based water stress indicators for young lemon trees. Plant and Soil, 267, 263–270.
Paltineanu C, Septar L, Moale C, Nicolae S, Nicola C. 2013. Peach response to water deficit in a semi-arid region. International Agrophysics, 27, 305-311.
Peng Y H, Rabe E. 1998. Effect of differing irrigation regimes on fruit quality, yield, fruit size and net CO2 assimilation of ‘Mihowase’ satsuma. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 73, 229–234.
Qassim A, Goodwin I, Bruce R. 2013. Postharvest deficit irrigation in ‘Tatura 204’ peach: Subsequent productivity and water saving. Agricultural Water Management, 117, 145–152.
Remorini D, Massai R. 2003. Comparision of water status indicators for young peach trees. Irrigation Science, 22, 39–46.
Romero P, Jose Ignacio Fernández-Fernández J I, Gil-Muñoz R, Botía P. 2016. Vigour-yield-quality relationships in long-term deficit irrigated winegrapes grown under semiarid conditions. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 28, 23-51.
Santos T P, Lopes C M, Rodrigues M L, Souza C R, Silva J M, Maroco J P, Pereira J S, Chaves M M. 2007. Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines. Scientia Horticulturae, 112, 321–330.
Scott A M, Timothy J B. 2014. Separating active and passive influences on stomatal control of transpiration. Plant Physiology, 164, 1578–1586.
Sousa T A, Oliveira M T, Pereira J M. 2006. Physiological indicators of plant water status of irrigated and non-irrigated grapevines grown in a low rainfall area of Portugal. Plant and Soil, 282, 127–134.
Steduto P, Hsiao T C, Fereres E, Raes D. 2012. Crop Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 66. FAO, Rome.
Verreynne J S, Rabe E T, Heron K I. 2001. The effect of combined deficit irrigation and summer trunk girdling on the internal fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ Clementines. Scientia Horticulturae, 91, 25–37.
Wang D, Gartung J, 2010. Infrared canopy temperature of early-ripening peach trees under postharvest deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 97, 1787–1794.
Wang H, Wang B, Wang T, Zhang D, Fu R. 2010. Effects of different water moisture on photosynthesis and transpiration of potted Prunus sibirica seedlings. Northern Horticulture, 2, 1–5. (in Chinese)
Yang H, Du T S, Qiu R J, Chen J L, Wang F, Li Y, Wang C X, Gao L H, Kang S Z. 2016. Improved water use efficiency and fruit quality of greenhouse crops under regulated deficit irrigation in northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 193–204.
Zhao L S, Sun C Z, Zheng D F. 2014. Water resource utilization efficiency and its spatial spillover effects measure in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 69, 121-133. (in Chinese)
Zhou H, Zhang F, Li Z, Gong D, Wu L. 2014. Response of water demand signal, yield and fruit quality of peach tree to soil moisture. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 45, 171-180. (in Chinese)
[1] Jialing Fu, Qingjiang Wu, Xia Wang, Juan Sun, Li Liao, Li Li, Qiang Xu. A novel histone methyltransferase gene CgSDG40 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis during citrus fruit ripening[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(8): 2633-2648.
[2] Song Wan, Yongxin Lin, Hangwei Hu, Milin Deng, Jianbo Fan, Jizheng He. Excessive manure application stimulates nitrogen cycling but only weakly promotes crop yields in an acidic Ultisol: Results from a 20-year field experiment[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2434-2445.
[3] Yingzhen Wang, Ying Wu, Xinlei Wang, Wangmei Ren, Qinyao Chen, Sijia Zhang, Feng Zhang, Yunzhi Lin, Junyang Yue, Yongsheng Liu.

Genome wide association analysis identifies candidate genes for fruit quality and yield in Actinidia eriantha  [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 1929-1939.

[4] Hanzhu Gu, Xian Wang, Minhao Zhang, Wenjiang Jing, Hao Wu, Zhilin Xiao, Weiyang Zhang, Junfei Gu, Lijun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Hao Zhang.

The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 1879-1896.

[5] Qianwei Zhang, Yuanyi Mao, Zikun Zhao, Xin Hu, Ran Hu, Nengwen Yin, Xue Sun, Fujun Sun, Si Chen, Yuxiang Jiang, Liezhao Liu, Kun Lu, Jiana Li, Yu Pan.

A Golden2-like transcription factor, BnGLK1a, improves chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and seed weight in rapeseed [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1481-1493.

[6] Qilong Song, Jie Zhang, Fangfang Zhang, Yufang Shen, Shanchao Yue, Shiqing Li.

Optimized nitrogen application for maximizing yield and minimizing nitrogen loss in film mulching spring maize production on the Loess Plateau, China [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1671-1684.

[7] Xuan Li, Shaowen Wang, Yifan Chen, Danwen Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Jingwen Wang, Jiahua Zhang, Yun Bai, Sha Zhang.

Improved simulation of winter wheat yield in North China Plain by using PRYM-Wheat integrated dry matter distribution coefficient [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1381-1392.

[8] Junnan Hang, Bowen Wu, Diyang Qiu, Guo Yang, Zhongming Fang, Mingyong Zhang.

OsNPF3.1, a nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin transporter gene, is essential for rice tillering and nitrogen utilization efficiency [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1087-1104.

[9] Shuang Cheng, Zhipeng Xing, Chao Tian, Mengzhu Liu, Yuan Feng, Hongcheng Zhang.

Optimized tillage methods increase mechanically transplanted rice yield and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1150-1163.

[10] Jingnan Zou, Ziqin Pang, Zhou Li, Chunlin Guo, Hongmei Lin, Zheng Li, Hongfei Chen, Jinwen Huang, Ting Chen, Hailong Xu, Bin Qin, Puleng Letuma, Weiwei Lin, Wenxiong Lin.

The underlying mechanism of variety–water–nitrogen–stubble damage interactions on yield formation in ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 806-823.

[11] Shuliang Jiao, Qinyan Li, Fan Zhang, Yonghong Tao, Yingzhen Yu, Fan Yao, Qingmao Li, Fengyi Hu, Liyu Huang.

Artificial selection of the Green Revolution gene Semidwarf 1 is implicated in upland rice breeding [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 769-780.

[12] Min Jiang, Zhang Chen, Yuan Li , Xiaomin Huang, Lifen Huang, Zhongyang Huo.

Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 824-835.

[13] Yongjian Chen, Lan Dai, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Huizi Deng, Xinyi Wang, Yuzhan Li, Xiangru Tang, Zaiman Wang, Zhaowen Mo.

Regulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and grain quality in early-season indica fragrant rice by nitrogen and silicon fertilization under different plantation methods [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 511-535.

[14] Minghui Cao, Yan Duan, Minghao Li, Caiguo Tang, Wenjie Kan, Jiangye Li, Huilan Zhang, Wenling Zhong, Lifang Wu.

Manure substitution improves maize yield by promoting soil fertility and mediating the microbial community in lime concretion black soil [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 698-710.

[15] Changqin Yang, Xiaojing Wang, Jianan Li, Guowei Zhang, Hongmei Shu, Wei Hu, Huanyong Han, Ruixian Liu, Zichun Guo.

Straw return increases crop production by improving soil organic carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in a long-term wheat–cotton cropping system [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 669-679.

No Suggested Reading articles found!