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| Messages from Powdery Mildew DNA: How the Interplay with a Host Moulds Pathogen Genomes |
| Pietro D Spanu |
| Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom |
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摘要 The genomes of the barley, Arabidopsis and pea powdery mildew are significantly larger than those of related fungi. This is due to an extraordinary expansion of retro-trasposons that are evident as repetitive elements in the sequence. The protein coding genes are fewer than expected due to an overall reduction in the size of gene families, a reduction in the number of paralogs and because of the loss of certain metabolic pathways. Many of these changes have also been observed in the genomes of other taxonomically unrelated obligate biotrophic pathogens. The only group of genes that bucks the trend of gene loss, are those encoding small secreted proteins that bear the hall marks of effectors.
Abstract The genomes of the barley, Arabidopsis and pea powdery mildew are significantly larger than those of related fungi. This is due to an extraordinary expansion of retro-trasposons that are evident as repetitive elements in the sequence. The protein coding genes are fewer than expected due to an overall reduction in the size of gene families, a reduction in the number of paralogs and because of the loss of certain metabolic pathways. Many of these changes have also been observed in the genomes of other taxonomically unrelated obligate biotrophic pathogens. The only group of genes that bucks the trend of gene loss, are those encoding small secreted proteins that bear the hall marks of effectors
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Received: 09 July 2013
Accepted:
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| Fund: In summary, it appears that the structure of the ge-nome (size inflation, abundance of the repetitive DNA originating from retro-transposition) and gene loss (eventually leading to obligate biotrophy) were prices paid by the mildews to increase variation useful in their continuing struggle in an evolutionary battlefield represented by ever changing host immunity. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Pietro D Spanu, Tel: +44-207-5945384, Fax: +44-207-5842056, E-mail: p.spanu@imperial.ac.uk
E-mail: p.spanu@imperial.ac.uk
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| About author: Pietro D Spanu, Tel: +44-207-5945384, Fax: +44-207-5842056 |
Cite this article:
Pietro D Spanu.
2014.
Messages from Powdery Mildew DNA: How the Interplay with a Host Moulds Pathogen Genomes. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(2): 233-236.
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