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1. 中国家禽分离获得同时存在mcr-1.1和mcr-8.1且产ESBLs的ST15型肺炎克雷伯菌
Dong’an Cui, Panpan Liu, Ling Wang, Jiongjie He, Yuzhang Yan, Mengke Ru, Baocheng Hao, Yan Sun, Shengyi Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (1): 403-407.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.025
摘要50)      PDF    收藏

多粘菌素是治疗耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌感染的最后一道防线,MCR的可移动性传播将对肺炎克雷伯菌感染的治疗造成巨大威胁。在对宁夏某地方保种品种蛋鸡病原菌的耐药性检测中发现一株多粘菌素耐药且产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌,命名为K. pn NXQY01。为探究K. pn NXQY01β-内酰胺类抗生素与多粘菌素耐药性传播风险,对K. pn NXQY01进行全基因组测序与生物信息学分析,探究MCR耐药基因在质粒中的水平传播机制,并通过质粒结合转移验证其水平转移。全基因组测序分析显示,K. pn NXQY01属于ST15型,携带6个质粒,pNXQY01-1227,409 bp)、pNXQY01-2110,028 bp)、pNXQY01-371,848 bp)、pNXQY01-471,087 bp)、pNXQY01-566,252 bp)和pNXQY01-78,159 bp),质粒携带了K. pn NXQY0190%的耐药基因。更重要的是,质粒同时携带了mcr-1.1, mcr-8.1, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-65耐药基因,具有极大的潜在水平传播风险。质粒序列分析显示,pNXQY01-2可能由质粒pKP4pPK45_NDM1重组形成。pNXQY01-2携带mcr-8.1,并可能同时携带了编码AmpC β-内酰胺酶的ampC1ampC2基因。mcr-8.1侧翼序列分析表明其与IS903B元件形成的复合转座子有关。pNXQY01-5pHNSHP45具有高度相似性,携带mcr-1.1blaCTX-M-55pNXQY01-5中耐药基因mcr-1.1blaCTX-M-55可能是通过外源DNA序列插入获得,与插入序列ISApl1ISEc9有关。oriTfinder分析显示,pNXQY01-2pNXQY01-3pNXQY01-5具有完整的结合转移模块,显示水平转移风险。结合转移试验表明,mcr-1.1mcr-8.1blaCTX-M-55blaCTX-M-65可能通过pNXQY01-2pNXQY01-3pNXQY01-5发生了水平转移,同时接合子对β-内酰胺类抗生素、多粘菌素B和庆大霉素的药物敏感性均升高至与K. pn NXQY01相当。本研究首次报告了mcr-8.1mcr-1.1同时存在于ESBLs的多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌分离株的质粒,标志着质粒介导新抗生素耐药性特征。

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2. 小火蚁入侵我国的早期阶段监测:预测气候变化下的地理分布格局
ZHAO Hao-xiang, XIAN Xiao-qing, GUO Jian-yang, YANG Nian-wan, ZHANG Yan-ping, CHEN Bao-xiong, HUANG Hong-kun, LIU Wan-xue
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2783-2795.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.12.004
摘要194)      PDF    收藏

外来入侵蚂蚁是世界范围内最具侵略性、竞争性和广泛的外来入侵物种之一。小火蚁Wasmannia auropunctata是太平洋地区最具威胁性的外来入侵蚂蚁,被列入 "世界100种恶性外来入侵物种",已经在全世界许多国家和岛屿上建立了种群。最近在我国东南地区发现了小火蚁的野生种群,对我国的农业、经济、环境、和公共健康构成了巨大的潜在威胁。识别小火蚁在我国的潜在地理分布可以明确可能面临入侵风险的地区。因此,我们根据小火蚁的全球分布记录和生物气候变量,利用集合模型预测了气候变化下其在我国的地理分布格局。我们的研究结果表明,在八个物种分布模型中,ANNFDAGBMRFCTAGLMSREMaxEnt更准确。ANNFDAGBMRF的平均TSS值分别为0.8200.8100.8430.857,平均AUC值分别为0.9460.9540.9680.979。集合模型的平均TSSAUC值分别为0.8820.972,表明集合模型的预测结果比用单一模型的预测结果更可靠。在现代和未来气候条件下,小火蚁在我国的潜在地理分布主要位于南部地区。在气候变化情景下,小火蚁的地理分布有着向高纬度地区转移的趋势。小火蚁在我国的地理分布格局主要受温度变量影响,温度年较差(bio7)和最热季度平均温度(bio10)是影响小火蚁地理分布的重要环境变量。小火蚁在我国南部地区有着广泛的潜在入侵风险区域,因制定小火蚁在我国南方地区的的早期预警、监测、预防和控制策略。

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3. 硝铵混合供氮增强氮素吸收和同化能力是促进苗期玉米生长的驱动力
WANG Peng, WANG Cheng-dong, WANG Xiao-lin, WU Yuan-hua, ZHANG Yan, SUN Yan-guo, SHI Yi, MI Guo-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1896-1908.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.037
摘要202)      PDF    收藏
与单独供硝(NO3-)或者单独供铵(NH4+)相比,混合供氮能够促进苗期玉米的生长。前期研究表明,混合供氮不仅可以提高玉米的光合效率,还可以促进地上部生长素的合成来增强叶片生长,进而为碳和氮的利用构建一个较大的库。然而,该过程是否依赖于氮的吸收还尚不清楚。在此,将玉米幼苗在具有三种供氮形态(单独供硝,75/25硝铵比和单独供铵)的水培实验中进行生长。结果表明,在0-3天,混合供氮下玉米生长速率和地上部含氮量与单独供硝处理间无显著差异,在6-9天,混合供氮下玉米生长速率和地上部含氮量显著高于单独供硝处理。于此同时,虽然混合供氮条件下15NO3-与15NH4+的瞬时吸收速率较单独供硝和单独供铵相比皆有所下降,但混合供氮在6-9天具有最高的总氮吸收速率。QRT-PCR结果表明,长期混合供氮条件下根系N吸收的增加可能与长期处理下NO3-转运蛋白基因(例如ZmNRT1.1AZmNRT1.1BZmNRT1.1CZmNRT1.2ZmNRT1.3)的高表达或铵转运蛋白基因(例如ZmAMT1.1A)的高表达有关,尤其是后者。此外,与单独供硝处理相比,混合供氮处理下植株地上部与根系中具有较高的谷氨酰胺合酶(GS)活性以及氨基酸含量。硝酸还原酶酶(NR)和GS酶抑制剂实验进一步证明了混合供氮情况下氮的同化能力对于玉米生长促进是至关重要的。该研究证明了混合供氮能够促进氮素吸收并进一步促进了氮的同化,而该过程可能是促进玉米上生长的主要驱动力。
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4. 二斑叶螨抗阿维菌素近等基因系的构建及其遗传模式与适合度代价分析
ZHANG Yan, TIAN Tian, ZHANG Kun, ZHANG You-jun, WU Qing-jun, XIE Wen, GUO Zhao-jiang, WANG Shao-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1809-1819.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.012
摘要146)      PDF    收藏

二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素高水平抗性中国及其他国家田间种群中普遍存在。为阐明中国二斑叶螨田间种群对阿维菌素抗性的遗传模式、交互抗性和适合度代价本研究将采集到的田间抗性种群经过多代与室内敏感品系IPP-SS的回交、孤雌生殖和阿维菌素筛选过程,最终将田间二斑叶螨对阿维菌素高抗性的特征导入到敏感品系IPP-SS,构建了一个抗阿维菌素的近等基因系NIL-Aba。与IPP-SS品系相比,NIL-Aba品系对阿维菌素的抗性为25,147倍,对联苯菊酯呈现高水平交互抗性(288.17倍),对甲维盐中等水平交互抗性(42.57倍),对联苯肼酯、虫螨腈、丁氟螨酯、腈吡螨酯和乙唑螨腈为3.18-9.31倍的低交互抗性,对丙溴磷无交互抗性。NIL-Aba品系对阿维菌素抗性遗传模式为常染色体不完全显性遗传,且受多基因控制。基于两性生命表参数分析NIL-Aba品系存在适合度代价。建立二斑叶螨NIL-Aba品系后续对阿维菌素抗性的深入研究提供可靠基础,毒理学参数及适合度代价相关数据将有助于二斑叶螨田间种群阿维菌素抗性治理。

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5. JIA-2021-1935 鸡源大肠杆菌共存blaCTX-M-3blaKPC-2blaTEM-1B耐药基因IncN型质粒的特性
WANG Wen-jing, WANG Yi-fu, JIN Ya-jie, SONG Wu-qiang, LIN Jia-meng, ZHANG Yan, TONG Xin-ru, TU Jian, LI Rui-chao, LI Tao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 320-324.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.075
摘要338)      PDF    收藏

目的:分析我国鸡源重要致病菌大肠杆菌耐药性及耐药基因,解析潜在的水平扩散风险。方法:规模化养鸡场棉拭子泄殖腔取样,麦康凯培养基分离单菌,Phoenix-100 全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统鉴定细菌种类,K-B纸片法检测目的细菌药物敏感性,牛津纳米孔测序技术构建细菌基因组精细图,生物信息学软件及平台解析基因环境及水平转移元件,细菌结合实验验证耐药基因扩散风险。结果201910-202010月,共采集671个泄殖腔样本,分离出302株大肠杆菌单菌,鉴定出一株广泛耐药(An extensively drug-resistant, XDR)大肠杆菌(命名为258E)。MLST分析结果表明,大肠杆菌258E属于ST602型,该分型目前仅见于国外文献报道。K-B纸片法检测结果显示,258E菌株对磷霉素、四环素、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、利福霉素、甲氧苄啶、大环内酯类和头孢菌素类药物均表现出高度耐药。全基因组测序结果表明,大肠杆菌258E染色体全长4,715,664 bp,含有三个质粒(pEC258-1、pEC258-2、pEC258-3,其中pEC258-1和 pEC258-2不含有常见耐药基因,而pEC258-3除了含有常见耐药基因,如qnrS1、 dfrA14、 arr-3acc (6')-Ib等,还含有blaCTX-M-3、 blaKPC-2blaTEM-1B三个重要的耐药基因。质粒分型结果表明,pEC258-3为ST7型,属于质粒不相容群N (incompatibility group N, IncN)。同源性分析结果显示pEC258-3序列与人源肺炎克雷伯菌质粒pCRKP-1-KPC同源性高达99.96%,其不同之处在于:相对pEC258-3,pCRKP-1-KPC质粒在31kb-32kb位点缺失了一个整合酶TinR蛋白编码框。细菌结合实验证实,pEC258-3可使得宿主菌显著提高药物敏感性。同时,流行病学溯源分析结果显示,大肠杆菌258E与英国菌株具有相近的亲缘关系。结论:本研究第一次报道了一株动物源ST602型广泛耐药大肠杆菌,其所含有的质粒可介导宿主菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性,暗示其潜在的耐药性水平扩散风险,也间接证明动物源细菌是耐药性基因的重要储存库和风险传播源头之一。

创新性:本论文是我国第一例动物源ST602型广泛耐药大肠杆菌的报道,丰富和充实了“同一健康” 框架下细菌耐药性对人类公共健康的风险研究。

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6. JIA-2022-0700 面向多粒度柑橘品质分级的视觉学习图卷积方法
GUAN Zhi-bin, ZHANG Yan-qi, CHAI Xiu-juan, CHAI Xin, ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Jian-hua, SUN Tan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 279-291.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.019
摘要212)      PDF    收藏

柑橘品质取决于其外观优劣和横径大小。外观指果皮的光滑度和清洁度;横径指柑橘的横向直径大小。柑橘的外观和横径均属于视觉属性特征,能够被视觉感知技术自动识别。然而,目前柑橘品质分级任务中有两个问题亟待解决:1缺少可用于柑橘品质分级的图像数据集;2)从多角度有效地学习柑橘的细粒度和差异化视觉语义具有较高挑战性。对于多粒度品质分级任务,我们收集了源于2087个柑橘的12522张图像此外,我们提出了一种用于多粒度柑橘品质分级的视觉学习图卷积方法,包括骨干网络和图卷积网络。骨干网络中的目标检测、数据增强和特征提取能够剔除柑橘图像中无关的视觉信息图卷积网络被用于学习柑橘特征映射的拓扑语义。最后,评估结果显示横径大小、外观和

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7. 饲粮添加铜调节肉山羊生长性能及脂肪代谢
ZHANG Yan-mei, AO De, LEI Kai-wen, XI Lin, Jerry W SPEARS, SHI Hai-tao, HUANG Yan-ling, YANG Fa-long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 214-221.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.066
摘要324)      PDF    收藏

选取体重(12.09±1.70 kg)及年龄 (60±5d) 相近的48头雄性乐至黑山羊研究肉山羊饲粮中添加铜(试剂级五水硫酸铜)对其生长性能、血清脂类代谢以及脂肪代谢相关的基因表达的影响。肉羊按照完全随机试验设计分为4个处理组。每个处理组12个重复(以栏为重复单位),每个重复1头羊羔单栏单饲对照组肉羊饲喂不含铜的基础饲粮其它3个处理组肉羊饲粮为基础饲粮基础上分别添加10 mg kg-1, 20mg kg-130mg kg-1各组饲粮为高精颗粒饲料,试验期60天。试验结果表明,饲粮不同铜添加水平对肉山羊的平均日增重、平均日采食量以及料重比没有影响P>0.05;肉羊血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度也未受到饲粮铜浓度的影响P>0.05,但随着饲粮铜浓度增加血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的度线性降低(P=0.01)。随着饲粮铜浓度增加最长肌肌内脂肪含量呈二次曲线上升(P=0.002)肝脏铜浓度呈线性上升(P<0.001)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加20mg kg-1降低了背最长肌中脂肪酸结合蛋白4 (P=0.01)脂蛋白脂酶 (P=0.05)mRNA表达,肉碱棕榈酰转移酶ImRNA表达呈现下降的趋势(P=0.06);肝脏中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (P<0.001)、肉碱乙酰转移酶(P=0.001)和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶I(P=0.001) mRNA表达也随着饲粮添加铜降低。以上结果表明,肉山羊饲粮中添加铜可通过增加肌脂肪降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇调节脂质代谢而这种调节可能与肉山羊肌肉和肝脏中长链脂肪酸氧化基因的mRNA表达的降低有关。本研究结果将有助于进一步理解微量元素铜在肉山羊脂类代谢中的作用,为铜添加剂在肉山羊中的应用提供理论基础。

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8. Integrative analysis of hypothalamic transcriptome and genetic association study reveals key genes involved in the regulation of egg production in indigenous chickens
WANG Dan-dan, ZHANG Yan-yan, TENG Meng-lin, WANG Zhang, XU Chun-lin, JIANG Ke-ren, MA Zheng, LI Zhuan-jian, TIAN Ya-dong, Kang Xiang-tao, LI Hong, LIU Xiao-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1457-1474.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63842-X
摘要320)      PDF    收藏

本研究首先通过对产蛋前期(15周龄)和产蛋高峰期(30周龄)卢氏绿壳蛋鸡(LS)下丘脑比较转录组分析,鉴定差异表达基因(DEGs);然后利用Gene Ontology (GO)富集分析,筛选DEGs中参与繁殖调控生物学过程(BP)的基因;进而通过蛋白质互作网络(PPI)分析,筛选调控繁殖过程的潜在核心候选基因(PCCGs)。在此基础上,利用qRT-PCR对PCCGs在两个地方鸡品种产蛋前期(15周龄)和产蛋高峰期(30周龄)下丘脑中表达水平的变化趋势进行分析,进而对基因表达量与30周龄产蛋数(EN30w)和血液繁殖激素水平的相关性分析,筛选影响地方鸡产蛋性能的关键基因;最后,从这些关键基因中筛选单核苷酸多态性位点(SNPs),并与不同时期产蛋数进行关联分析,进一步确定这些关键基因中影响产蛋的潜在SNP位点。产蛋前期和产蛋高峰期LS下丘脑比较转录组分析共鉴定出518个DEGs。对这些DEGs功能富集分析发现,10个BP中包含的64个DEGs可能通过神经内分泌过程参与鸡繁殖调控。进一步的PPI分析发现,64个DEGs中有16个高连接度(Degree≥12)的基因,即PCCGs。对这16个PCCGs在LS和固始鸡(GS)产蛋前期和产蛋高峰期下丘脑中的表达模式检测发现,其中的11个PCCGs在两品种两个时期下丘脑的表达水平差异显著(P<0.05),且变化趋势相同。在上述11个基因中,有8个基因的表达量与EN30w和血清生殖激素浓度呈显著相关(P<0.05)。8个基因中筛选的SNP位点与产蛋性状的关联分析表明,这8个基因与不同阶段的产蛋量存在显著相关(P<0.05),是调控地方鸡产蛋性能的关键基因。本研究鉴定出参与地方鸡产蛋调控的8个关键基因,包括CNR1AP2M1NRXN1ANXA5PENKSLC1A2SNAP25TRH。这些发现为进一步理解鸡产蛋性能调控机制提供了新见解,并为地方鸡繁殖性能选育提供了可能的分子标记


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9. 过表达苹果类扩展蛋白基因MdEXLB1加速番茄果实质地软化
CHEN Yan-hui, XIE Bin, AN Xiu-hong, MA Ren-peng, ZHAO De-ying, CHENG Cun-gang, LI En-mao, ZHOU Jiang-tao, KANG Guo-dong, ZHANG Yan-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (12): 3578-3588.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.030
摘要285)      PDF    收藏

果实硬度是苹果果实质地的重要品质性状,采收前成熟期是苹果果实质地形成的关键时期。扩展蛋白是一个细胞壁松弛蛋白家族,有四个亚家族:α-扩展蛋白(EXPA)、β-扩展蛋白(EXPB)、类扩展蛋白AEXLA)和类扩展蛋白BEXLB)。在本研究中,我们从果实纵径、横径、硬度、组织结构、呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率和扩展蛋白活性等方面研究了金冠苹果采前质地形成的关键时期。在收获前10天内,发现果实达到成熟。半定量RT-PCR显示,大多数扩展蛋白在收获前的成熟阶段表达。进一步鉴定了EXLB亚家族基因MdEXLB1的生物学功能,并通过瞬时转化实验证实了其亚细胞定位于细胞壁上。与野生型(WT)相比,过表达MdEXLB1的转基因番茄株高较低,结果期较早,果实成熟所需天数较少,果实成熟度较高,果实硬度较低,果实扩展蛋白活性较高,果肉细胞结构更离散,果实成熟过程加快。总的来说,这是首次提出苹果EXLB亚家族基因MdEXLB1具有生物学功能,并在促进果实成熟和软化方面发挥重要作用。

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10. JIA-2021-0715 小麦转录因子家族基因TaNF-YB11通过调节渗透物积累和活性氧稳态增强植株耐旱能力
ZHAO Ying-jia, ZHANG Yan-yang, BAI Xin-yang, LIN Rui-ze, SHI Gui-qing, DU Ping-ping, XIAO Kai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3114-3130.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.058
摘要268)      PDF    收藏
转录因子(TFs)调控多种逆境防御相关的生理过程和植物逆境响应。本研究中,作者鉴定了小麦NF-YB转录因子家族基因TaNF-YB11介导植物抵御干旱逆境能力的特征。TaNF-YB11含有NF-YB家族特有的保守结构域,该基因编码蛋白经内质网分选后靶向细胞核内。酵母双杂交分析表明,TaNF-YB11分别与NF-YA家族成员TaNF-YA2和NF-YC家族成员TaNF-YC3在蛋白水平上相互作用。这些结果表明,上述TF蛋白通过组建异源三聚体对下游基因进行转录调控。在27 h干旱条件下,根和叶中TaNF-YB11转录本数量较正常生长对照增多。此外,干旱上调的TaNF-YB11表达水平随正常恢复处理进程逐渐下调,表明该基因参与了植物对干旱逆境的响应过程。TaNF-YB11具有赋予植株抵御抗旱逆境的能力; 干旱处理下,过表达TaNF-YB11株系植株表型和生物量均高于野生型对照,这主要与该基因促进气孔关闭、增强渗透物质积累能力和改善细胞活性氧(ROS)稳态有关。调控脯氨酸生物合成P5CS家族基因TaP5CS2TaNF-YB11株系中呈上调表达模式,干旱胁迫下下调表达TaP5CS2株系脯氨酸积累量减少。与此类似,编码超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) TaSOD2和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因TaCAT3在过表达TaNF-YB11株系中上调表达,上述细胞保护酶基因通过调节SOD和CAT活性在改善干旱处理下细胞ROS稳态中发挥重要作用。RNA-seq分析结果显示,与“细胞过程”、“环境信息处理”、“遗传信息加工”、“代谢”和“机体系统”相关的众多基因受到TaNF-YB11转录调节。本研究结果表明,TaNF-YB11通过在转录组水平上对干旱逆境响应相关的不同生物学过程基因进行调控,增强植株抵御干旱逆境的能力。综上,TaNF-YB11在介导植株抵御干旱逆境中发挥重要作用,该基因可作为小麦抗旱分子育种的重要基因资源。
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11. 小麦DnaJ家族的全基因组鉴定及其对小麦黄花叶病毒侵染的调控分析
LIU Ting-ting, XU Miao-ze, GAO Shi-qi, ZHANG Yang, HU Yang, JIN Peng, CAI Lin-na, CHENG Ye, CHEN Jian-ping, YANG Jian, ZHONG Kai-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 153-169.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63619-5
摘要258)      PDF    收藏

DnaJ蛋白最初是在大肠杆菌中鉴定的一种大小约为41kDa的热休克蛋白,其蛋白家族是分子伴侣中最多样化的家族,在蛋白质折叠和各种生理活动的调节中扮演了重要角色,且在植物发育和胁迫应答中发挥重要作用。DnaJ家族蛋白已在许多物种中广泛研究,例如人类,果蝇,蘑菇,西红柿和拟南芥等,但在小麦中的作用以及其与植物病毒之间的相互作用机制却鲜少有研究。在这篇文章中,我们鉴定了236TaDnaJs,并对其保守结构域,基因结构蛋白质基序蛋白质结构染色体定位和共线性以及顺式作用元件进行了全基因组分析。根据分析结果,我们将这些TaDnaJs按其结构域分DJADJBDJC三组,并从分组中随机选择了6个基因进行组织特异性分析和激素胁迫下的基因表达谱分析,结果表明TaDnaJ基因在不同组中存在组织差异表达,DJA组的基因表达集中顶部叶片,对ABAGA更为敏感;DJB组的基因表达水平在根和种子中最高,对ABA更为敏感;DJC组中的基因表达在小麦叶片中最高,其次是根和种子,对SAGA最敏感。另外我们随机选择了17个基因分析植物病毒侵染后基因表达水平的变化,结果显示,在测试的17TaDnaJ基因中,有16个基因在小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV染后呈现上调表达,这表明TaDnaJ家族可能参与了植物防御反应。随后我们通过酵母两杂交实验验证了WYMV NIaNIb7KD蛋白与WYMV染后表达水平变化最显著的TraesCS7A02G506000相互作用。在这篇文章中,我们探究了DnaJ蛋白介导的胁迫耐受性和敏感性的分子机制,DnaJ基因可能参与了植物对非生物和生物胁迫的抗性。本研究提高了对TaDnaJ基因表达谱认识,并且为TaDnaJ家族与植物防御机制之间的研究提供了一定的研究基础。

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12. Bioinformatic analysis and functional characterization of CFEM proteins in Setosphaeria turcica
WANG Jian-xia, LONG Feng, ZHU Hang, ZHANG Yan, WU Jian-ying, SHEN Shen, DONG Jin-gao, HAO Zhi-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2438-2449.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63342-1
摘要263)      PDF    收藏

本研究在引起北方玉米叶枯病的半活体性营养真菌——玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)基因组中鉴定了13个StCFEM蛋白。CFEM结构域的序列比对和WebLogo分析表明,StCFEM氨基酸高度保守,除StCFEM1、2、3和6外,整体上含有8个典型的半胱氨酸;系统发育分析表明,根据有无跨膜结构域的存在,13个蛋白(StCFEM1-13)可分为2个分支,其中6个有信号肽且无跨膜结构域的StCFEM蛋白(StCFEM3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13)被假定为候选效应蛋白;对蛋白三级结构进行预测,发现候选效应蛋白的CFEM结构域可以形成螺旋结构,与白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)Csa2同源;进一步利用pSuc2t7M13or酵母分泌系统验证效应蛋白的分泌功能,结果发现6个候选效应蛋白均具有分泌能力,鉴定为分泌蛋白;转录组分析表明,6个候选基因在真菌侵染过程中不同时期均表达,其中SCFEM3、4、5和12在附着胞形成时期高度表达;我们还发现StCFEM3、4和5对BAX/INF诱导的本氏烟草程序性细胞死亡(PCD)没有影响,而StCFEM12可以抑制INF诱导的PCD,但对BAX诱导的PCD没有影响。本研究发现玉米大斑病菌(S. turcica )CFEM蛋白家族共有13个成员,鉴定StCFEM12为候选效应子,为阐明CFEM蛋白在植物原发病过程中的作用奠定了基础。


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13. Effects of rearing system (floor vs. cage) and sex on performance, meat quality and enteric microorganism of yellow feather broilers
WANG Lai-di, ZHANG Yang, KONG Ling-ling, WANG Zhi-xiu, BAI Hao, JIANG Yong, BI Yu-lin, CHANG Guo-bin, CHEN Guo-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1907-1920.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63420-7
摘要189)      PDF    收藏

为了探究黄羽肉鸡的高效饲养模式,本研究以雪山草鸡为研究素材,按照2×2完全随机试验探究2种饲养方式以及性别对雪山草鸡生长性能、肉品质以及肠道微生物的影响。本试验将200只体重相近的雪山草鸡公母各半,按照性别和饲养方式随机分为四组,饲养方式分为笼饲和平养。结果表明,雄性肉鸡和笼养肉鸡比雌性肉鸡和平养肉鸡表现出更好的生产性能(P<0.001)和更高的全净膛率(P<0.001)。饲养模式和性别的交互作用对胸肌率和腿肌率有影响(P<0.05),雌性平养肉鸡胸肌率和腿肌率最高(P<0.02)。无论是雌鸡还是雄鸡,在笼养模式下肉鸡腹脂率均高于平养模式(P<0.01)。相比于其他组,雌性笼养肉鸡的胸肌肉品质较好(P<0.05)。雄性肉鸡的胸肌pH值低于雌性肉鸡,且与腿肌pH值的结果趋势一致,笼养肉鸡胸肌pH值高于平养肉鸡,而腿肌的pH值与此相反。肉品质指标的差异与肉鸡活动量差异有一定的关系。福利指标结果显示,平养模式下肉鸡的羽毛质量优于笼养肉鸡(P<0.01),步态得分无显著影响(P>0.05)。基于16S rRNA扩增测序的肠道菌群结果显示,各组肠道菌群中以厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门为主,盲肠菌群组成相对稳定。平养模式下鸡只肠道菌群的多样性较笼养模式更为丰富,但alpha多样性在各组间无显著差异(P>0.06)。肠道中拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比例、幽门螺杆菌和罗姆布茨菌的丰度等可能影响肉鸡的生产性能。综合看来,笼养模式以及雄性雪山鸡的选择可获得高效的生产性能,这可能与相关肠道菌群丰度差异有一定的关系,而平养模式下鸡只羽毛质量更好,肠道微生物群种类更为丰富,生产中可根据具体市场需求进行选择。


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14. Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application
ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Yan-yan, SONG Ning-yuan, CHEN Qiu-li, SUN Hong-zheng, PENG Ting, HUANG Song, ZHAO Quan-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1465-1473.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63311-1
摘要145)      PDF    收藏

氮素是水稻取得高产的重要因素之一。除高产外,优质已成为当前水稻生产的又一迫切要求。灌浆期是水稻产量和品质形成的关键时期。而氮素对籼稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响及其与稻米品质的关系仍不清楚。通过大田栽培试验,研究了施氮条件下籽粒灌浆的关键特性与稻米研磨品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的变化。结果表明,施氮延长了强、弱势粒灌浆的持续时间。弱势粒的平均灌浆速率(Gmean)和最大灌浆速率(Gmax)与垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量呈正相关关系。弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax G)与糙米率、精米率和整精米率呈正相关关系。垩白粒率、垩白度与最高黏度、崩解值呈负相关关系。2016年和2017年两优培九和Y两优2号两个品种均在施氮后出现直链淀粉含量下降,粗蛋白含量增加。相关性分析说明,直链淀粉含量较低的Y两优2号蒸煮食味品质较好,可能是其弱势粒的最大灌浆速率(Gmax)和平均灌浆速率(Gmean)高于两优培九所引起的。施氮后弱势籽粒灌浆时间的延长和达到最大灌浆速率时粒重的增加可以提高中籼稻的碾磨品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质。


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15. An improved scheme for infectious bursal disease virus genotype classification based on both genome-segments A and B
WANG Yu-long, FAN Lin-jin, JIANG Nan, GAO Li, LI Kai, GAO Yu-long, LIU Chang-jun, CUI Hong-yu, PAN Qing, ZHANG Yan-ping, WANG Xiao-mei, QI Xiao-le
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1372-1381.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63424-4
摘要141)      PDF    收藏

传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease, IBD)是一种严重危害养禽业健康发展的传染病,该病的病原是传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)。IBDV的基因组由双节段双股RNA组成,即A节段和B节段。传统上,依据致病性和抗原性,IBDV可分为经典株、变异株、超强毒株和弱毒株。近年来,随着IBDV的不断变异,具有新的基因特征的IBDV毒株不断出现。传统的IBDV分类方法已不能涵盖这些新出现的毒株。因此,亟需建立一种新的IBDV基因型分类方法用于IBDV的流行病学研究。近年来,A节段基因序列常被用于IBDV的基因分类。然而,对于基因组分节段的IBDV来讲,A节段和B节段在病毒的遗传演化中都很重要,仅基于A节段基因序列的基因分类方法是不全面的。而且,原有的分类方法已经不能涵盖不断出现的IBDV节段重配病毒和最新出现的IBDV新型变异株。因此,本研究率先建立了一种兼顾IBDV基因组双节段特征的新的IBDV基因分型方法。在该分型系统中,基于A节段编码的VP2高变区核苷酸序列特征,IBDV被分为9个基因群(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7、A8和AII);基于B节段编码的B-maker的核苷酸序列特征,IBDV被分为5个基因群(B1、B2、B3、B4和BII);A2又被进一步分为4个亚群(A2a、A2b、A2c和A2d)。利用新的基因分型方法,传统的经典株、变异株、超强毒株和弱毒株分别被归类于基因群A1B1、A2B1、A3B2和A8B1。本研究中鉴定的IBDV新型变异株被归类为基因群A2dB1。本研究建立的IBDV基因分型方法,是一个灵活多样的开元系统,可用于现有毒株和新出现毒株的明确鉴定,将极大地方便IBDV的分子流行病学研究。


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16. The circulation of unique reassortment strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Pakistan
Altaf HUSSAIN, WU Tian-tian, FAN Lin-jin, WANG Yu-long, Farooq Khalid MUHAMMAD, JIANG Nan, GAO Li, LI Kai, GAO Yu-long, LIU Chang-jun, CUI Hong-yu, PAN Qing, ZHANG Yan-ping, Asim ASLAM, Khan MUTI-UR-REHMAN, Muhammad Imran ARSHAD, Hafiz Muhammad ABDULLAH, WANG Xiao-mei, QI Xiao-le
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1867-1875.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63183-5
摘要177)      PDF    收藏
传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal diseaseIBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virusIBDV)引起的。IBD是危害养禽业的最重要的免疫抑制病之一,是影响全球养禽业可持续发展的重要限制因素。IBD在巴基斯坦也是危害养禽业的重要疫病,然而该国IBDV优势流行毒株尚不明确。本研究针对巴基斯坦主要养禽地区(旁遮普省信德省俾路支省和首都伊斯兰堡),开展了IBDV的流行病学研究。之前报道的巴基斯坦IBDV毒株仅显示了A节段编码的VP2基因,在GenBank上未见到过其B节段编码的VP1基因。然而,IBDV的基因组分为AB两个节段,单独的VP2基因是无法科学地反映IBDV的真实特征的。在本研究中,运用RT-PCR技术,对覆盖29个肉鸡场的36IBDV进行了VP1VP2基因代表区段的扩增、测序和分析。基因遗传进化树和同源率比较研究结果显示,本研究的全部36株巴基斯坦IBDV毒株的VP2基因属于IBDV超强毒(very virulent IBDVIBDV),而VP1基因则独立于超强毒和非超强毒之外形成了独特分支,这类毒株属于独特型节段重组IBDV毒株(vv-A/Uniq-B)。与流行于中国、印度等国家的vv-A/Uniq-BIBDV相比,巴基斯坦IBDV毒株形成一个独立的亚群,具有明显的地域特点。本研究首次证明,具有地域特点的独特的节段重组毒株(vv-A/Uniq-B)是巴基斯坦IBDV的重要流行毒株。本研究揭示了巴基斯坦IBDV毒株的分子特征,这对于IBD疫苗的科学选择和该病的有效防控具有重要意义。
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17. Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls
ZHANG Zhen, LIU Qiang, WANG Cong, GUO Gang, HUO Wen-jie, ZHANG Yan-li, PEI Cai-xia, ZHANG Shuan-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1074-1084.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62752-8
摘要135)      PDF    收藏
This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder (PFP) and coated folic acid (CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls.  Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls ((362±12.4) days of age and (483±27.1) kg of body weight (BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements.  Supplemental PFP (0 or 30 g PFP kg–1 dietary dry matter (DM)) and CFA (0 or 120 mg FA d–1 as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration.  The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period.  The lower (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher (P<0.05) average daily gain.  The higher (P<0.05) ruminal pH, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA) were observed for PFP addition.  Supplementation with CFA increased (P<0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased (P<0.05) ruminal pH, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA.  The PFP×CFA interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and mRNA expression of CPT1 and FAS.  There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet without PFP addition, the lower (P=0.001) hepatic TG content was observed when CFA was supplemented in the diet with PFP addition.  The higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CPT1, and the lower (P<0.05) mRNA expression of FAS and ammonia N concentration were observed when CFA was supplemented in diet either without or with PFP addition.  The results indicated that supplementation of CFA in PFP diet was more effective on increasing hepatic CPT1 expression, and decreasing ammonia N, hepatic TG content and FAS expression than in diet without PFP.  Supplementation with PFP or CFA improved growth performance of dairy bulls by promoting nutrient utilization, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, and hepatic gene expression.
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18. Molecular detection of the powdery mildew resistance genes in winter wheats DH51302 and Shimai 26
QU Yun-feng, WU Pei-pei, HU Jing-huang, CHEN Yong-xing, SHI Zhan-liang, QIU Dan, LI Ya-hui, ZHANG Hong-jun, ZHOU Yang, YANG Li, LIU Hong-wei, ZHU Tong-quan, LIU Zhi-yong, ZHANG Yan-ming, LI Hong-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 931-940.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62644-4
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
Resistance to powdery mildew is an important trait of interest in many wheat breeding programs.  The information on genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in wheat cultivars is useful in parental selection.  Winter wheat breeding line DH51302 derived from Liangxing 99 and cultivar Shimai 26 derived from Jimai 22 showed identical infection patterns against 13 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) that causes wheat powdery mildew.  DH51302 and Shimai 26 were crossed to a powdery mildew susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo 9504 and the F2:3 families were used in molecular localization of the resistance genes.  Fourteen polymorphic markers, which were linked to Pm52 from Liangxing 99, were used to establish the genetic linkage maps for the resistance genes PmDH51302 and PmSM26 in DH51302 and Shimai 26, respectively.  These genes were placed in the same genetic interval where Pm52 resides.  Analysis of gene-linked molecular markers indicated that PmDH51302 and PmSM26 differed from other powdery mildew resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL, such as Pm6, Pm33, Pm51, MlZec1, MlAB10, and Pm64.  Based on the results of reaction patterns to different Bgt isolates and molecular marker localization, together with the pedigree information, DH51302 and Shimai 26 carried the same gene, Pm52, which confers their resistance to powdery mildew.
 
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19. Reduction in cadmium accumulation in japonica rice grains by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of OsNRAMP5
YANG Chang-hong, ZHANG Yang, HUANG Chao-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 688-697.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61904-5
摘要237)      PDF(pc) (625KB)(195)    收藏
Cadmium (Cd) intake is harmful to human health and Cd contamination in rice grains represents a severe threat to those consuming rice as a staple food.  Knockout of Cd transporters is a promising strategy to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains.  OsNRAMP5 is the major transporter for Cd and manganese (Mn) uptake in rice.  Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether knockout of OsNRAMP5 is applicable to produce low Cd rice without affecting plant growth and grain yield.  In this study, we adopted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology to knock out OsNRAMP5 in two japonica varieties.  We generated three independent transgene-free osnramp5 mutants and investigated the effect of osnramp5 mutations on Cd accumulation and plant growth.  Hydroponic experiments showed that plant growth and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced in osnramp5 mutants at low Mn conditions, and this defective growth in the mutants could be fully rescued by supply of high levels of Mn.  Cd and Mn accumulation in both roots and shoots was markedly reduced in the mutants compared to that in wild-type plants.  In paddy field experiments, although Cd in flag leaves and grains was greatly reduced in osnramp5 mutants, some agronomic traits including plant height, seed setting rate, and grain number per panicle were affected in the mutants, which ultimately caused a mild reduction in grain yield.  The reduced plant growth in the mutants can be attributed to a marked decrease in Mn accumulation.  Our results reveal that the manipulation of OsNRAMP5 should be treated with caution: When assessing the applicability of osnramp5 mutants, soil pH and soil water content in paddy fields need to be taken into consideration, since they might affect the levels of available Mn in the soil and consequently determine the effect of the mutation on grain yield.
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20. Farmers using insurance and cooperatives to manage agricultural risks: A case study of the swine industry in China
ZHANG Yan-yuan, JU Guang-wei, ZHAN Jin-tao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (12): 2910-2918.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62823-6
摘要133)      PDF    收藏
Purchasing agricultural insurance and joining agricultural cooperatives are two prevalent instruments used by farmers in China for dealing with agricultural risks.  Data from 443 swine farmers in Jiangsu and Henan provinces of China were collected.  Factors affecting the farmers’ decision to purchase agricultural insurance and join agricultural cooperatives were assessed.  The possibility of simultaneous use of both instruments and the potential correlation between these two decisions was considered as well.  Results showed that the farmers’ decision to use agricultural insurance and cooperatives was positively correlated, indicating that farmers who purchased agricultural insurance which mainly used to mitigate production risks were more likely to join agricultural cooperatives which more used to share market risks, and vice versa.  Farmers’ knowledge of swine insurance and trust in the local government positively impacted the purchase of agricultural insurance, while education, years involved in swine production and scale of swine production positively impacted farmers joining agricultural cooperatives.
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21. Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China
QIANG Sheng-cai, ZHANG Fu-cang, Miles Dyck, ZHANG Yan, XIANG You-zhen, FAN Jun-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (10): 2369-2380.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62688-2
摘要112)      PDF    收藏
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution.  Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary.  Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter (DM) or leaf dry matter (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant.  As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index (LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen (Nc) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.  Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels (0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha−1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons.  LAI, DM, plant N concentration (PNC) and grain yield were determined.  Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the Nc curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve.  The Nc dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values.  The N nutrition index (NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit (Nand) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha−1 during the growing season.  The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function.  The Nc curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.
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22. Soil microbial characteristics and yield response to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments in greenhouse vegetable production
RONG Qin-lei, LI Ruo-nan, HUANG Shao-wen, TANG Ji-wei, ZHANG Yan-cai, WANG Li-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (06): 1432-1444.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61946-X
摘要463)      PDF(pc) (1057KB)(415)    收藏
Greenhouse vegetable production has been characterized by high agricultural inputs, high temperatures, and high cropping indexes.  As an intensive form of agriculture, nutrient cycling induced by microbial activities in the greenhouses is relatively different from open fields in the same region.  However, the responses of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and yield to organic amendment are not well understood.  Therefore, a 5-year greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation experiment was conducted.  The field experiment comprised 5 treatments: 4/4CN (CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4CN+1/4MN (MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4CN+2/4MN, 2/4CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN (SN, nitrogen in corn straw) and 2/4CN+2/4SN.  The amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) were equal in the five treatments.  Starting with the fourth growing season, the optimal yield was obtained from soil treated with straw.  MBC, MBN, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, and enzyme activities were significantly changed by 5 years of substitution with organic amendments.  Redundancy analysis showed that MBC accounts for 89.5 and 52.3% of the total enzyme activity and total community variability, respectively.  The activities of phosphomonoesterase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and urease, and the relative abundances of fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-negative bacteria were significantly and positively related to vegetable yields.  Considering the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial characteristics and vegetable yield, 2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN can improve soil quality and maintain sustainable high yield in greenhouse vegetable production.
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23. GmDRR1, a dirigent protein resistant to Phytophthora sojae in Glycine max (L.) Merr.
CHEN Qing-shan, YU Guo-long, ZOU Jia-nan, WANG Jing, QIU Hong-mei, ZHU Rong-sheng, CHANG Hui-lin, JIANG Hong-wei, HU Zhen-bang, LI Chang-yu, ZHANG Yan-jiao, WANG Jin-hui, WANG Xueding, GAO Shan...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (06): 1289-1298.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61821-5
摘要553)      PDF    收藏
Received  26 June, 2017    Accepted  17 October, 2017
© 2018 CAAS. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.  All rights reserved.
doi:
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24. Molecular mapping of YrTZ2, a stripe rust resistance gene in wild emmer accession TZ-2 and its comparative analyses with Aegilops tauschii
WANG Zhen-zhong, XIE Jing-zhong, GUO Li, ZHANG De-yun, LI Gen-qiao, FANG Ti-lin, CHEN Yongxing, LI Jun, WU Qiu-hong, LU Ping, LI Miao-miao, WU Hai-bin, ZHANG Huai-zhi, ZHANG Yan, YANG Wu-yun, LUO Ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (06): 1267-1275.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61846-X
摘要475)      PDF    收藏
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses.  Identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes are essential for effective breeding against the disease.  Wild emmer accession TZ-2, originally collected from Mount Hermon, Israel, confers near-immunity resistance against several prevailing Pst races in China.  A set of 200 F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between susceptible durum wheat cultivar Langdon and TZ-2 was used for stripe rust evaluation.  Genetic analysis indicated that the stripe rust resistance of TZ-2 to Pst race CYR34 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated YrTZ2.  Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with SSR markers, YrTZ2 was located on chromosome arm 1BS flanked by Xwmc230 and Xgwm413 with genetic distance of 0.8 cM (distal) and 0.3 cM (proximal), respectively.  By applying wheat 90K iSelect SNP genotyping assay, 11 polymorphic loci (consisting of 250 SNP markers) closely linked to YrTZ2 were identified.  YrTZ2 was further delimited into a 0.8-cM genetic interval between SNP marker IWB19368 and SSR marker Xgwm413, and co-segregated with SNP marker IWB28744 (co-segregated with 28 SNP).  Comparative genomics analyses revealed high level of collinearity between the YrTZ2 genomic region and the orthologous region of Aegilops tauschii 1DS.  The genomic region between loci IWB19368 and IWB31649 harboring YrTZ2 is orthologous to a 24.5-Mb genomic region between AT1D0112 and AT1D0150, spanning 15 contigs on chromosome 1DS.  The genetic and comparative maps of YrTZ2 provide a framework for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection of YrTZ2.
 
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25. Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Hu sheep during pregnancy
ZHANG Hao, SUN Ling-wei, WANG Zi-yu, MA Tie-wei, DENG Ming-tian, WANG Feng, ZHANG Yan-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (01): 173-183.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61691-5
摘要799)      PDF    收藏
This study aimed to determine the effect of stage and level of feed intake on energy metabolism, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) balance, and methane emission to determine energy and protein requirements for maintenance of maternal body including pregnancy tissues during pregnancy using the method of C-N balance.  Twenty-one ewes carrying twin fetuses were randomly divided into three groups of seven ewes each in the digestion and respirometry trial at d 40, 100, and 130 of gestation, respectively.  Three groups were fed a mixed diet either for ad libitum intake, 70 or 50% of the ad libitum intake during pregnancy.  The results showed that the apparent digestibility of C and N were increased as feeding levels decreased at each stage of gestation.  The daily net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were 295.80, 310.09, and 323.59 kJ kg–1 BW0.75 (metabolic body weight) with a partial efficiency of metabolisable energy utilization for maintenance of 0.664, 0.644, and 0.620 at d 40, 100, and 130 of gestation, respectively.  The daily net protein requirements for maintenance were 1.99, 2.35, and 2.99 g kg–1 BW0.75 at d 40, 100, and 130 of gestation, respectively.  These results for the nutritional requirements of the net energy and protein may help to formulate more balanced diets for Hu sheep during pregnancy.
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26. Nitrogen mobility, ammonia volatilization, and estimated leaching loss from long-term manure incorporation in red soil
HUANG Jing, DUAN Ying-hua, XU Ming-gang, ZHAI Li-mei, ZHANG Xu-bo, WANG Bo-ren, ZHANG Yang-zhu, GAO Su-duan, SUN Nan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (09): 2082-2092.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61498-3
摘要771)      PDF    收藏
Nitrogen (N) loss from fertilization in agricultural fields has an unavoidable negative impact on the environment and a better
understanding of the major pathways can assist in developing the best management practices. The aim of this study was
to evaluate the fate of N fertilizers applied to acidic red soil (Ferralic Cambisol) after 19 years of mineral (synthetic) and
manure fertilizer treatments under a cropping system with wheat-maize rotations. Five field treatments were examined:
control (CK), chemical nitrogen and potash fertilizer (NK), chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), chemical nitrogen,
phosphorus and potash fertilizer (NPK) and the NPK with manure (NPKM, 70% N from manure). Based on the soil
total N storage change in 0–100 cm depth, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, N plant uptake, and
the potential N leaching loss were estimated using a mass balance approach. In contrast to the NPKM, all mineral fertilizer
treatments (NK, NP and NPK) showed increased nitrate (NO3-N) concentration with increasing soil depth, indicating higher
leaching potential. However, total NH3 volatilization loss was much higher in the NPKM (19.7%) than other mineral fertilizer
treatments (≤4.2%). The N2O emissions were generally low (0.2–0.9%, the highest from the NPKM). Total gaseous loss
accounted for 1.7, 3.3, 5.1, and 21.9% for NK, NP, NPK, and NPKM treatments, respectively. Estimated N leaching loss
from the NPKM was only about 5% of the losses from mineral fertilizer treatments. All data demonstrated that manure
incorporation improved soil productivity, increased yield, and reduced potential leaching, but with significantly higher NH3
volatilization, which could be reduced by improving the application method. This study confirms that manure incorporation is an essential strategy in N fertilization management in upland red soil cropping system.
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27. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmTm4 in wheat using comparative genomics
XIE Jing-zhong, WANG Li-li, WANG Yong, ZHANG Huai-zhi, ZHOU Sheng-hui, WU Qiu-hong, CHEN Yong-xing, WANG Zhen-zhong, WANG Guo-xin, ZHANG De-yun, ZHANG Yan, HU Tie-zhu, LIU Zhi-yong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (03): 540-550.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61377-1
摘要1388)      PDF    收藏
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most severe wheat diseases.  Mining powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat cultivars and their appliance in breeding program is a promising way to control this disease.  Genetic analysis revealed that a single dominant resistance gene named PmTm4 originated from Chinese wheat line Tangmai 4 confers resistance to prevailing isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09.  Detailed comparative genomics analyses helped to develop closely linked markers to PmTm4 and a fine genetic map was constructed using large F2 population, in which PmTm4 was located into a 0.66-cM genetic interval.  The orthologous subgenome region of PmTm4 in Aegilops tauschii was identified, and two resistance gene analogs (RGA) were characterized from the corresponding sequence scaffolds of Ae. tauschii draft assembly.  The closely linked markers and identified Ae. tauschii orthologs in the mapping interval provide an entry point for chromosome landing and map-based cloning of PmTm4.
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28. QTL mapping revealed TaVp-1A conferred pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat population Yanda 1817×Beinong 6
ZHOU Sheng-hui, FU Lin, WU Qiu-hong, CHEN Jiao-jiao, CHEN Yong-xing, XIE Jing-zhong, WANG Zhen-zhong, WANG Guo-xin, ZHANG De-yun, LIANG Yong, ZHANG Yan, OU Ming-shan, LIANG Rong-qi, HAN Jun, LIU Zhi-yong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (02): 435-444.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61361-8
摘要1241)      PDF    收藏
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) occurs frequently in most of the wheat cultivation area worldwide, which severely reduces yield and end-use quality, resulting in substantial economic loss.  In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance were mapped using an available high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic linkage map developed from a 269 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of Yanda 1817×Beinong 6.  Using phenotypic data on two locations (Beijing and Shijiazhuang, China) in two years (2012 and 2013 harvesting seasons), five QTLs, designated as QPhs.cau-3A.1, QPhs.cau-3A.2, QPhs.cau-5B, QPhs.cau-4A, and QPhs.cau-6A, for PHS (GP) were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) (LOD≥2.5).  Two major QTLs, QPhs.cau-3A.2 and QPhs.cau-5B, were mapped on 3AL and 5BS chromosome arms, explaining 6.29–21.65% and 4.36–5.94% of the phenotypic variance, respectively.  Precise mapping and comparative genomic analysis revealed that the TaVp-1A flanking region on 3AL is responsible for QPhs.cau-3A.2.  SNP markers flanking QPhs.cau-3A.2 genomic region were developed and could be used for introgression of PHS tolerance into high yielding wheat varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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29. Mapping of three QTLs for seed setting and analysis on the candidate gene for qSS-1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Elsheikh Y M Ahmed, ZHANG Yan-pei, YU Jian-ping, Rashid M A Rehman, ZHANG Hong-l
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (4): 735-743.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61299-0
摘要2095)      PDF    收藏
The lower seed setting is one of the major hindrances which face grain yield in rice. One of the main reasons to cause low spikelet fertility (seed setting) is male sterility or pollen abortion. Notably, pollen abortion has been frequently observed in advanced progenies of rice. In the present study, 149 BC2F6 individuals with significant segregation in spikelet fertility were generated from the cross between N040212 (indica) and Nipponbare (japonica) and used for primary gene mapping. Three QTLs, qSS-1, qSS-7 and qSS-9 at chromosomes 1, 7 and 9, respectively, were found to be associated with seed setting. The recombinant analysis and the physical mapping information from publicly available resources exhibited that the qSS-1, qSS-7 and qSS-9 loci were mapped to an interval of 188, 701 and 3 741 kb, respectively. The seed setting responsible for QTL qSS-1 was further fine mapped to 93.5 kb by using BC2F7 population of 1 849 individuals. There are 16 possible putative genes in this 93.5 kb region. Pollen vitality tests and artificial pollination indicated that the male gamete has abnormal pollen while the female gamete was normal. These data showed that low seed setting rate relative to qSS-1 may be caused by abnormal pollen grains. These results will be useful for cloning, functional analysis of the target gene governing spikelet fertility (seed setting) and understanding the genetic bases of pollen sterility.
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30. Diversity shifts of rumen bacteria induced by dietary forages in dairy cows and quantification of the changed bacteria using a new primer design strategy
JIN Di, ZHAO Sheng-guo, ZHANG Yang-dong, SUN Peng, BU Deng-pan, Yves Beckers, WANG Jia-qi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (11): 2596-2603.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61346-1
摘要1406)      PDF    收藏
    The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (100 to 500 bp) were widely used to reveal rumen bacterial composition influenced by diets, while quantification of the changed uncultured bacteria was inconvenient due to difficult designing of specific primers based on short sequences. This study evaluated the effect of forage resources on rumen bacterial diversity and developed new strategy for primer design based on short sequences to quantify the changed uncultured bacteria. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and subsequent band sequencing were used to reveal the distinct rumen bacteria composition in cows fed with two forage sources (single corn stover vs. mixed forages including alfalfa hay and corn silage). The bacterial diversity in the rumen of dairy cows fed with corn stover was lower than that with mixed forages (P<0.05). The bacterium named R-UB affiliating to uncultured Succinivibrionaceae was identified, and it was abundant in the rumen of cows fed with mixed forages compared to corn stover. The full length 16S rRNA gene sequences with identity of >97% to the R-UB 16S rRNA gene sequence were obtained from GenBank and used to design specific primers to quantify uncultured bacterium R-UB. All sequences of amplicon from the new primers were of 100% identity to R-UB sequences indicating the high specificity of new primers. Quantitative PCR confirmed that abundance of R-UB in the rumen of cows fed with corn stover was lower than those fed with mixed forages (P<0.01). New strategy for designing primers based on partial 16S rRNA genes to quantify targeted uncultured bacteria was successfully developed. The rumen bacteria descending significantly in the cows fed corn stover compared to those fed mixed forages was identified as uncultured R-UB from Succinivibrionaceae.
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