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1. 遥感过程模型与一种新的灌溉近似估计方法耦合估算华北平原多年冬小麦产量
ZHANG Sha, YANG Shan-shan, WANG Jing-wen, WU Xi-fang, Malak HENCHIRI, Tehseen JAVED, ZHANG Jia-hua, BAI Yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2865-2881.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.036
摘要179)      PDF    收藏

准确估算区域尺度冬小麦产量对掌握粮食生产情况和保证国家粮食安全十分重要。但目前精确的水资源区域灌溉信息难以获取,基于遥感模拟区域尺度冬小麦产量的年际和空间变化仍存在较大误差为此本研究以中国冬小麦主产区华北平原(NCP)为研究区,发展基于灌溉模式参数(IPPs,即灌溉频率和灌溉时期)近似估计冬小麦灌溉信息的新方法,并将其耦合到一个新发展的遥感过程模型(PRYM–Wheat),更准确模拟NCP冬小麦产量。本研究使用NCP各县市参考年份(2010–2015)的统计产量确定IPPs的最优值,然后在站点和区域尺度验证耦合了最优IPPsPRYM–Wheat模拟冬小麦的精度结果显示,耦合了最优IPPsPRYM–Wheat模拟参考年份冬小麦产量的相关系数R提升了0.15(37%),均方根误差RMSE减少了0.90 t/hm2(41%);模拟验证年份(2001–20092016–2019)站点尺度河北省县级尺度河南省县级尺度山东省市级尺度的R(RMSE)分别0.80(0.62 t/hm2)、0.510.95 t/hm2、0.721.18 t/hm2和0.420.72 t/hm2)。总体来看IPPs可以有效提升基于遥感模拟灌溉区区域尺度冬小麦产量的精度,耦合了IPPsPRYM–Wheat模型可为估算区域冬小麦多年产量提供稳定可靠的方法,为确保区域粮食安全提供科学依据。

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2. 优化秸秆隔层措施提高了盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量:基于连续四年的田间试验
CHANG Fang-di, WANG Xi-quan, SONG Jia-shen, ZHANG Hong-yuan, YU Ru, WANG Jing, LIU Jian, WANG Shang, JI Hong-jie, LI Yu-yi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1870-1882.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.025
摘要219)      PDF    收藏

土壤盐渍化是限制干旱区农业生产的一个重要环境问题。将秸秆深还田至地表下40 cm处形成生物质隔层抑制土壤返盐的有效措施之一然而,不同用量秸秆隔层对盐碱土壤剖面有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)的遗留效应的影响尚不明确因此,本研究基于四年(2015-2018年)的不同用量(即061218 Mg·ha-1秸秆隔层处理田间定位试验,分析了秸秆隔层措施对盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量的影响。结果表明:与无秸秆隔层CK)相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-40 cm40-60 cm土层SOC含量分别增加了14-32%11-57%,TN含量分别增加了8-22%和6-34%SOC含量的增幅高于TN含量,从而20-60 cm土层的CN比增加。与CK相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-60 cm土层SOCTN含量的显著增加导致了土壤层化率0-20: 20-60 cm)的下降,促进了SOCTN在土壤剖面上的均匀分布。此外SOCTN含量均随秸秆隔层用量的增加而增加,同时秸秆隔层处理有效的水盐调控效果显著提升向日葵产量。综合比较12 Mg·ha-1的秸秆隔层处理SOCTNC:N比相对较高,土壤层化比率较低。以上结果表明,秸秆隔层措施在改善盐碱地底层土壤肥力方面有很大潜力,其遗留效应至少能维持4

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3. 基于8亲本陆地棉MAGIC群体木质素响应黄萎病相关基因的定位
TIAN Xiao-min, HAN Peng, WANG Jing, SHAO Pan-xia, AN Qiu-shuang, Nurimanguli AINI, YANG Qing-yong, YOU Chun-yuan, LIN Hai-rong, ZHU Long-fu, PAN Zhen-yuan, NIE Xin-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1324-1337.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.034
摘要398)      PDF    收藏

木质素代谢在植物对病原菌的防御中起着关键作用,并且在抵御病原菌侵染的过程中总是起到正向作用。因此,解析植物木质素响应病原菌代谢相关抗性基因的遗传机理具有重要意义。本研究以8个陆地棉品系为材料,构建了一个多亲本高世代杂交(MAGIC)群体(n=280),该群体表现出控制优良性状的等位基因的聚合特征。为了研究木质素对黄萎病的响应(LRVW),本研究在4种环境下分别建立了人工病圃(ADN)和轮作苗圃(RN)。通过采集和测定棉秆的木质素含量,并将不同环境下ADN/RN木素比值作为LRVW值,结果表明,群体LRVW值表现出较丰富的变异。利用63K芯片获得了9323个高质量单核苷酸多态(SNP)标记,用于MAGIC群体的基因分型,结果显示,SNPs分布于全基因组,平均密度为4.78SNP/Mb,在染色体间的分布范围为1.14 SNP/Mb (ChrA06)~10.08 SNP/Mb (ChrD08)。利用混合线性模型(MLM)对LRVW进行全基因组关联分析,并在两个以上的环境中共同检测到3个稳定的QTL,即qLRVW-A04qLRVW-A10qLRVW-D05。结合分析候选基因编码序列变异、诱导表达模式和功能注释,最终在QTL区间选择了两个关键候选基因Ghi_D05G01046Ghi_D05G01221。这两个基因在编码区都出现了非同义突变,并且都受黄萎病菌强烈诱导。Ghi_D05G01046编码一个富含亮氨酸的延伸素(LRx)蛋白,与拟南芥细胞壁的生物合成和结构有关。Ghi_D05G01221编码Jaz的转录抑制因子,它在茉莉酸(JA)信号通路中发挥作用。综上所述,本研究不仅为陆地棉抗黄萎病育种和QTL定位创造了宝贵的遗传资源,也为解析陆地棉抗黄萎病的遗传基础开辟了新的视角。

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4. 全覆膜沟垄栽培技术促进黄土高原半干旱区玉米可持续生产综述
WANG Jin-bin, XIE Jun-hong, LI Ling-ling, ADINGO Samuel
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1277-1290.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.023
摘要349)      PDF    收藏
全覆膜沟垄栽培技术促进降雨利用效率和玉米产量提高,已在黄土高原半干旱区大面积推广应用,然而,玉米高产出导致土壤养分和水分耗竭,从而影响该技术的可持续性,因此,有必要进一步对该技术进行优化,确保其可持续发展。本文综述了全覆膜沟垄栽培技术的发展、增产机制、负面影响、优化措施及其相互关系。我们提出以粮饲兼用玉米替代普通玉米,秋季覆膜或地膜冬留春揭,少免耕结合秸秆还田,轮作或间作冬季油菜(Brassica campestris L.)、谷子(Setaria italica)胡麻(Linum usitatissimum L.),氮肥减量,有机肥代替部分化肥,使用生物降解或耐候性薄膜以及机械化化生产。这些措施的整合有助于构建环境友好、优质和可持续的覆膜栽培技术体系,促进旱作农业高质量发展,为黄土高原半干旱区农业发展带来新的机遇。


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5. JIA-2021-2085LPA对绵羊体外受精及胚胎干细胞建系的作用
ZHANG Xue-min, HUANG Xiang-hua, WANG Jing, XING Ying, LIU Fang, XIANG Jin-zhu, WANG Han-ning, YUE Yong-li, LI Xue-ling
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1142-1158.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.111
摘要232)      PDF    收藏

溶血磷脂酸( Lysophosphatidic acid, LPA)是一种小分子甘油磷脂,在多种动物细胞中具有生长因子和激素样活性。LPA通过结合G蛋白偶联受体,激活下游信号通路,产生促卵母细胞成熟,提高胚胎发育率,促进细胞增殖等生物学效应。绵羊是我国重要的家畜之一,其体外受精效率较其他物种偏低,且目前仍未建立真正的绵羊胚胎干细胞。本研究通过在绵羊体外受精过程及囊胚接种细胞培养过程中添加LPA,以探究LPA对绵羊体外受精以及囊胚接种细胞培养的影响。首先,我们对绵羊的体外受精体系进行了筛选,选取了两种成熟液与两种SOF液进行组合,通过比较不同体系间的成熟率、卵裂率和囊胚率,最终找到最优的体外受精的体系,即IVM Ⅱ and SOF Ⅱ。然后,在绵羊体外受精过程中添加不同浓度的LPA,探讨LPA浓度对绵羊体外受精的影响。结果显示,LPA浓度为0.1 μmol L-1 - 10 μmol L-1之间时,随着LPA浓度的增加,绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟率、囊胚率逐渐上升(P < 0.05),卵裂率无显著变化(P > 0.05),囊胚形态正常;当LPA浓度达到15 μmol L-1时,成熟率、卵裂率、囊胚率均出现显著下降 (P < 0.05),且囊胚形态发生异常,胚胎内细胞团聚集不正常,囊胚内部出现分区,不能发育成为优质的囊胚。另外,随着LPA浓度在0.1 μmol L-1- 10 μmol L-1范围内逐渐增大,LPAR2LPAR4TE相关基因CDX-2和多能性相关基因OCT-4在绵羊早期体外受精胚胎中的mRNA表达量也逐步增加。而15 μmol L-1 LPA处理组中,早期胚胎LPAR2LPAR4CDX-2OCT-4的表达量均显著低于LPA - 10 μmol L-1处理组(P<0.05)。最后,我们将绵羊体外受精囊胚接种在不同培养体系,尝试建立胚胎干细胞。 结果表明,LPA使接种后的囊胚细胞向TSC样细胞生长随着LPA浓度从0 μmol L-1增加到10 μmol L-1, OCT-4CDX-2蛋白免疫荧光强度和mRNA丰度增强(P < 0.05),而15 μmol L-1 LPA显著降低OCT-4CDX-2囊胚接种细胞中的表达(P < 0.05)。同时,10 μmol L-1的LPA处理后,LPAR2LPAR4蛋白表达显著增加。综合上述实验结果,LPA可促进绵羊体外受精早期胚胎发育,并促进囊胚接种细胞向TSC方向生长,为大动物体外受精及胚胎干细胞建系提供参考。

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6. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of boscalid resistant isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from asparagus lettuce
SHI Dong-ya, LI Feng-jie, ZHANG Zhi-hui, XU Qiao-nan, CAO Ying-ying, Jane Ifunanya MBADIANYA, LI Xin, WANG Jin, CHEN Chang-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3694-3708.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.024
摘要318)      PDF    收藏

由核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起的莴苣菌核病是我国常见的病害。由于缺乏可商业化的品种,目前主要依赖杀菌剂进行防控。啶酰菌胺boscalid, 简称Bos),隶属于琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类(SDHI)杀菌剂,在我国核盘菌防治已有十多年,部分地区出现该药剂对莴苣菌核病的防效下降现象,核盘菌的抗药性状况尚不清楚。为此,本实验室于2019年江苏六个市的莴苣病样中共分离了172株核。采用剂量5 μg mL-1的浓度)法,进行抗药性菌株鉴定,发现对该药剂的低抗BosLR)群体占所检测菌株总数的76.74%。进一步研究表明:BosLR菌株的生物适不低于啶酰菌胺敏感(BosS)菌株大多数BosLR菌株的草酸积累胞外多糖EPS含量BosS菌株增加,但膜透性降低供试的胁迫因子耐受性差异显著;离体防效测定也验证了田间确实存在BosLR的抗药性亚群体;田间存在3对啶酰菌胺的抗性基因型SDHBA11VSDHCQ38RSDHBA11V+SDHCQ38R,该抗性可能由药剂和靶标间的亲和力下降导致;但BosLR菌株对噻呋酰胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺、氟啶胺戊唑醇间均无交互抗性。本研究首次报道了我国莴苣核盘菌对啶酰菌胺存在田间抗性,这对性治理和精准防控具有指导意义

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7. MICRO-CHEM PLUS消毒剂灭活非洲猪瘟病毒的效果评价
JIANG Cheng-gang, SUN Ying, ZHANG Fan, AI Xin, LU Ming, QIN Jia-lin, ZHANG Xian-feng, WANG Jing-fei, BU Zhi-gao, ZHAO Dong-ming, HE Xi-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3560-3563.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.021
摘要270)      PDF    收藏

非洲猪瘟在我国爆发,给我国养殖业带来巨大的经济损失,目前无可用的商业化疫苗和药物,其相关研究限定于在高等级生物安全实验室中完成,生物安全防护中消毒剂的合理使用尤为重要。MICRO-CHEM PLUSMCP)作为一种复合型季铵盐类消毒剂在高等级生物安全实验室广泛使用,而针对非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever VirusASFV)的灭活效果未见相关报道。本文我们探究不同病毒载量、不同消毒剂浓度、不同作用时间及不同作用温度对于灭活非洲猪瘟病毒效果的影响。研究结果表明高病毒载量需要更高浓度的MCP才能将ASFV完全灭活,较低浓度的MCP需要延长作用时间才能达到完全灭活ASFV的效果,不同的作用温度对于MCP灭活ASFV的效果无影响。应用干雾消毒机将5%MCP进行房间喷雾消毒,当浓度达到0.06L/m3,用ASFV、大肠杆菌和金色葡萄球菌作为生物指示剂,可以达到终末消毒效果,但对于枯草芽孢杆菌作为生物指示剂还有部分活菌残留;当浓度为0.03L/m3时,对于大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌作为生物指示剂,也可以达到了终末消毒效果。该研究为在特定环境中合理使用 MCP 提供了科学依据,可以用于操作ASFV的高等级生物安全实验室的消毒以及猪场非洲猪瘟感染的预防。

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8. 优化水分管理措施提升北方马铃薯产量和水分利用效率
LI Yang, WANG Jing, FANG Quan-xiao, HU Qi, HUANG Ming-xia, CHEN Ren-wei, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Bin-xiang, PAN Zhi-hua, PAN Xue-biao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 3182-3192.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.027
摘要141)      PDF    收藏

马铃薯是中国北方主要的粮食作物之一然而降水少且年际波动大严重威胁着北方雨养马铃薯的高产和稳产。在水分限制条件下,优化水分管理措施可有效提升马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率,从而保证粮食安全。但当前较少研究定量不同水分管理措施对中国北方马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的贡献。本文基于多源大田试验数据和作物模型,使用Meta分析方法定量了中国北方大兴安岭区、燕山丘陵区、阴山北麓区和黄土高原区马铃薯的潜在、灌溉雨养产量及其水分利用效率。结果表明,APSIM-Potato模型模拟的马铃薯潜在干重产量在燕山丘陵最高(12.4 t ha-1),其次为阴山北麓(11.4 t ha-1)、大兴安岭11.2 t ha-1)、和黄土高原10.7 t ha-1)。大兴安岭、燕山丘陵、阴山北麓和黄土高原实测的雨养马铃薯干重产量分别占各区潜在产量的61302824%。潜在条件下燕山丘陵马铃薯的水分利用效率最高,其次为大兴安岭阴山北麓黄土高原,对应的水分利用效率分别为2.2、2.1、1.9和1.9 kg m-3。在北方马铃薯种植区,沟垄种植的马铃薯产量和水分利用效率可较平作提升8-49%2-36%,而沟垄种植搭配覆膜的马铃薯产量和水分利用效率可较平作提升35-89%7-57%。在水资源有限的马铃薯种植区,通过沟垄种植、覆膜和补灌相结合的水分管理方式能协同提高马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率。

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9. 利用基于遥感的过程模型模拟作物产量差:以华北平原冬小麦研究为例
YANG Xu, ZHANG Jia-hua, YANG Shan-shan, WANG Jing-wen, BAI Yun, ZHANG Sha
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 2993-3005.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.003
摘要238)      PDF    收藏

理解作物产量差(YG)的空间分布对提高作物产量至关重要。目前的研究通常集中在站点尺度上,当扩展到域尺度上可能会导致相当大的不确定性。为了解决这一问题,本研究采用基于改进北方生态系统生产力模拟器(BEPS遥感驱动过程冬小麦作物产量模型(PRYM-Wheat),模拟了2015-2019年华北平原冬小麦的产量差。通过统计产量数据进行产量验证,表明PRYM-Wheat模型在模拟冬小麦实际产量(Ya)方面具有良好的性能。研究区Ya的分布差异较大,由东南向西北呈下降趋势。遥感估算结果表明,研究区域的平均YG6400.6 kg ha-1。江苏省YG产量最大,为7307.4 kg ha-1。安徽YG最小,为5842.1 kg ha-1。通过分析YG对环境因素的响应,发现YG与降水之间没有明显的相关性,而YG与累积温度之间存在较弱的负相关关系此外,YG与海拔升高呈正相关。总的来说,研究作物产量差YG)可以为今后提高作物产量提供方向。

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10. JIA-2021-1043 转录组分析解析转人FST基因猪表型变化的分子机制
LONG Ke-ren, LI Xiao-kai, ZHANG Ruo-wei, GU Yi-ren, DU Min-jie, XING Xiang-yang, DU Jia-xiang, MAI Miao-miao, WANG Jing, JIN Long, TANG Qian-zi, HU Si-lu, MA Ji-deng, WANG Xun, PAN Deng-ke, LI Ming-zhou
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2675-2690.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.014
摘要325)      PDF    收藏

本研究制备了在骨骼肌组织中特异表达人FST基因的转基因(TG)猪,并进行了表型鉴定。相较于野生型(WT)猪,TG猪骨骼肌重量显著增加(P<0.05),脂肪沉积显著减少(P<0.05),代谢状态显著改善(P<0.05)。根据表型变化,利用RNA-seq技术对WT猪和TG猪的骨骼肌(酵解型:背最长肌,氧化型:腰大肌)、白色脂肪(皮下脂肪:背部皮下脂肪,内脏脂肪:腹膜后脂肪)和肝脏共6个组织进行了转录组比较分析。结果表明,PIK3-AKT信号通路、钙离子信号通路及氨基酸代谢通路在FST诱导的骨骼肌肥大中具有重要作用;MYH7基因(决定I型肌纤维)表达量的相对比例在TG猪腰大肌中显著减低,氧化磷酸化和脂肪酸代谢等相关信号通路也在TG猪腰大肌中显著下调;相较于WT猪,TG猪脂肪中的AMPK信号通路、脂代谢相关通路发生显著变化,脂质合成、脂质分解及脂质储存相关基因表达量在皮下脂肪中显著降低,脂质分解相关基因表达量在腹膜后脂肪组织中显著升高。肝脏组织中,TGF-β信号通路相关基因在TG猪中显著下调。这些结果将有助于理解卵泡抑素引起猪表型变化的分子机制,为该候选靶点进一步在分子育种中的应用提供了基础数据。


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11. 基于染色体代换系对大豆结瘤调控基因的特征分析
ZOU Jia-nan, ZHANG Zhan-guo, KANG Qing-lin, YU Si-yang, WANG Jie-qi, CHEN Lin, LIU Yan-ru, MA Chao, ZHU Rong-sheng, ZHU Yong-xu, DONG Xiao-hui, JIANG Hong-wei, WU Xiao-xia, WANG Nan-nan, HU Zhen-bang, QI Zhao-ming, LIU Chun-yan, CHEN Qing-shan, XIN Da-wei, WANG Jin-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2197-2210.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63658-4
摘要197)      PDF    收藏
小麦抗旱相关基因TaPYL4的功能分析及标记开发
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12. Increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen in crop rotation systems by improving nitrogen resources under nitrogen application
XING Ting-ting, CAI An-dong, LU Chang-ai, YE Hong-ling, WU Hong-liang, HUAI Sheng-chang, WANG Jin-yu, XU Ming-gang, LIN Qi-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1488-1500.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63673-0
摘要189)      PDF    收藏

土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)在土壤中包含了最大比例的生物活性氮(N),是土壤氮循环的重要参与者。农业活动(例如作物轮作和单作)极大地影响了农业生态系统中的MBN。但是,目前农业生态系统中作物轮作和单作对MBN影响的研究极其缺乏。因此,本文基于203个已发表的文献进行整合分析(Meta 分析),以量化在合成氮肥施用下轮作和单作系统对MBN的影响。本研究发现,作物轮作显著提高了MBN的响应比(RR),并在旱地轮作条件下达到最高水平。然而,旱地作物单作并没有改变MBN的响应比,但是,水稻单作中MBN的响应比有所增加。作物轮作和单作系统之间的差异可能是由于不同的种植管理方式、氮素添加的方式、添加量和施肥年限所致。与作物单作系统相比,作物轮作对土壤总氮(TN)的增加幅度更大,对土壤pH的降低幅度较小。MBN的RR与矿质N的RR仅在作物轮作系统中正相关,MBN的RR与土壤pH的RR仅在单作系统中正相关。随机森林和结构方程模型的结果表明,MBN变化的主要驱动因素在作物轮作系统中是土壤矿质N和TN,在单作系统中是土壤pH。总之,本研究表明,轮作由于改善了土壤氮源,可以作为提高MBN的有效途径,从而提高MBN对由于大量施用化学氮肥导致的低pH的抵抗力


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13. Genetics and fitness costs of resistance to flupyradifurone in Bemisia tabaci from China
WANG Ran, ZHANG Jia-song, CHE Wu-nan, WANG Jin-da, LUO Chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1436-1443.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63500-6
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

氟吡呋喃酮是蔬菜安全生产过程中防治烟粉虱的新型高效杀虫剂。本研究分别利用田间采集的氟吡呋喃酮抗性种群WH-R(抗性水平约199倍)和室内筛选氟吡呋喃酮抗性种群FLU-SEL(抗性水平约124倍)对抗性遗传方式及相关适合度代价进行了阐明。利用室内敏感种群MED-S分别与WH-R和FLU-SEL开展正反交试验,分别获得MED-S与WH-R的后代F1AF1BF1以及MED-S与FLU-SEL的后代F1C、F1D、F1'。室内毒理测定试验发现WH-R对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性是常染色体,不完全显性遗传;同时发现FLU-SEL对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性是常染色体,不完全隐形遗传。通过对MED-S、WH-R和FLU-SEL的适合度进行评价发现,WH-R和FLU-SEL在生长发育过程中均存在显著适合度代价。相比于MED-S,WH-R和FLU-SEL的相对适合度为0.50和0.65,并均表现出发育历期延长、卵孵化率下降、若虫和伪蛹期存活率降低;此外,WH-R的成虫产卵量显著下降。本研究相关结果表明抗性相关适合度代价有利于延缓田间烟粉虱对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性进化,并对田间烟粉虱治理策略的制订提供理论支持


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14. Sustainability of the rice–crayfish farming model in waterlogged land: A case study in Qianjiang County, Hubei Province, China
YUAN Peng-li, WANG Jin-ping, GUO Can, GUO Zi-yuan, GUO Yao, CAO Cou-gui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1203-1214.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63787-5
摘要145)      PDF    收藏

近年来,稻虾共作模式得到了迅速发展,在中国成为一种经济上可行的食品供应方式,然而其环境和经济可持续性还未彻底探明。本研究利用在湖北潜江市进行的2016年的调查试验和2017年的田间试验,评估涝渍田地区稻麦轮作模式(RW)、稻虾共作模式(RC)和小龙虾单养(CM)模式的相对经济性。田间调查表明,RC模型的效益成本比(3.5:1)高于RW(2.0:1)和CM(3.1:1)模式,保护了农民在恶劣天气环境条件下的粮食生产积极性。田间试验旨在探讨RC模式的田间氮肥管理策略,以RW稻田为对照,在稻虾共作2年(RC2)和稻虾共作8年(RC8),三个田块设置0 N、5 N、10 N和15 N 4个水平的氮肥施用梯度。田间试验结果表明,RW、RC2和RC8田块分别在施用15 N、10 N和5 N时水稻产量达到峰值。在RC2和RC8田块中,小龙虾未利用的剩余饲料氮被水稻利用。因此,为提高氮肥利用效率和减少氮肥对环境的污染,提出了RC田适宜施氮量。相比于RW和CM处理,RC的农户稻田施氮量最少却获得最高的净收益。可持续发展综合农业技术(即合理的稻田配置)是有效维持水稻生产的必要条件。结果表明,RC耕作模式对涝渍田地区的稻农来说是一种可行的多样化选择。


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15. Development of a recombinant pB602L-based indirect ELISA assay for detecting antibodies against African swine fever virus in pigs
WANG Peng-fei, WANG Ming, SHI Zhi-bin, SUN Zhen-zhao, WEI Li-li, LIU Zai-si, WANG Shi-da, HE Xi-jun, WANG Jing-fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 819-825.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63767-X
摘要219)      PDF    收藏

非洲猪瘟 (ASF) 是家猪和野猪的一种毁灭性疾病。目前没有有效的商品化疫苗,疾病的控制主要依赖于对感染猪的监测和早期检测。ASF是由非洲猪瘟病毒 (ASFV) 引起的疾病。以前的血清学检测方法(如 ELISA)主要基于ASFV的重组结构蛋白,包括 p72、p54和p30等。然而,猪感染 ASFV后产生的针对此类蛋白的抗体不能为其提供有效的免疫保护。因此,仍然需要可用于临床诊断和评估疫苗免疫猪体液免疫反应的新血清学检测方法。在此项研究中,我们表达并纯化了重组pB602L蛋白。然后将纯化的pB602L蛋白作为抗原进行间接 ELISA 检测。该方法对猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒等15种最常见的猪病原的抗血清无交叉反应。然后使用该方法与商品化ELISA试剂盒同时对60头猪的血清样本进行检测,其中包括数量未知的抗ASFV血清,两种方法检测的符合率为95%。此外,使用基于pB602L蛋白的iELISA对7基因缺失的ASFV株(HLJ/18-7GD)免疫猪体内的抗体水平进行检测。结果表明,接种10 天以后,在所有接种猪体内都检测到抗体水平持续增加。我们的结果表明,这种基于 pB602L的间接ELISA检测可用于ASFV的临床诊断。


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16. The transcription factor FgNsf1 regulates fungal development, virulence and stress responses in Fusarium graminearum
SHI Dong-ya, REN Wei-chao, WANG Jin, ZHANG Jie, Jane Ifunanya MBADIANYA, MAO Xue-wei, CHEN Chang-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2156-2169.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63339-1
摘要154)      PDF    收藏

Nsf1(Nutrient and stress factor 1)是典型的C2H2型锌指蛋白,酿酒酵母中Nsf1在非发酵碳源或者盐胁迫的条件下才会表达。进化树分析发现该基因在不同物种间比较保守,然而,Nsf1的功能在丝状真菌中研究得并不是很透彻。为了探索FgNsf1在小麦赤霉病的病原菌禾谷镰孢菌中的功能,我们构建了FgNSF1基因敲除体(ΔFgNsf1)和包含GFP标记的回复体(ΔFgNsf1-C),亚细胞定位表明FgNsf1蛋白集中于细胞核。进一步研究发现,与野生菌株PH-1和回复体ΔFgNsf1-C 相比,敲除体ΔFgNsf1的菌丝体生长速率明显减慢,分生孢子产量及萌发率显著下降,且有畸形孢子产生,子囊壳产量也显著降低。但是红色镰刀菌素和黄色镰刀菌素的产量明显增加,为了验证这一结果,我们利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了相关基因(AurJAurFAurOAurR2)的表达量,研究结果发现,相关基因的表达量都显著上调。此外,使用不同浓度的NaCl处理时,野生菌株PH-1中FgNSF1基因的表达量均上调,而在使用不可发酵碳源乙醇、甘油或醋酸盐作为唯一碳源时,FgNSF1基因的表达量都显著下调。另外我们发现敲除体对渗透,细胞壁,氧化和部分金属离子等胁迫因子的敏感性显著下降,只对0.2M镁离子胁迫的敏感性显著提高。药敏性实验发现,敲除体对咯菌腈和抑菌脲的抗药性明显增强,而对戊唑醇和多菌灵的敏感性显著提高。随后,我们在小麦胚芽鞘和麦穗上进行了致病力实验,结果发现ΔFgNsf1的致病力显著减弱,在产毒培养基中DON(脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇)产量也显著下降,以及DON毒素合成相关基因TRI5和TRI6的基因表达量也显著下调。结论:FgNSF1在禾谷镰孢菌的生长发育,有性和无性生殖,应对外界胁迫,产毒和致病的过程中扮演着重要的角色。创新性:我们首次系统地报道了FgNSF1在禾谷镰孢菌中的功能。


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17. TaSnRK2.4 is a vital regulator in control of thousand-kernel weight and response to abiotic stress in wheat
MIAO Li-li, LI Yu-ying, ZHANG Hong-juan, ZHANG Hong-ji, LIU Xiu-lin, WANG Jing-yi, CHANG Xiao-ping, MAO Xin-guo, JING Rui-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 46-54.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62830-3
摘要173)      PDF    收藏

蔗糖非发酵相关蛋白激酶2(SnRK2)是植物特有的一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,其能够应对大量不利的环境刺激。之前研究报道了小麦TaSnRK2.4响应非生物逆境胁迫,提高了转基因拟南芥的多重抗性。本研究将揭示TaSnRK2.4的抗逆机理并发掘新的功能。TaSnRK2.4s分别被定位于3A、3B和3D染色体,这3种基因组序列均被克隆。多态性检测结果表明,TaSnRK2.4-3ATaSnRK2.4-3B分别有1处和13处变异位点,TaSnRK2.4-3D未发现变异位点。基于其中3处变异位点,开发了标记2.4AM1、2.4BM1和2.4BM2。关联分析结果表明,TaSnRK2.4-3ATaSnRK2.4-3B均与千粒重显著关联,其中SNP3A-T和SNP3B-C是高千粒重的优异等位变异。酵母双杂交和荧光素酶互补成像试验表明,TaSnRK2.4和逆境响应蛋白TaLTP3互作,进而得出TaSnRK2.4通过激活TaLTP3参与抗逆。我们的研究显示了TaSnRK2.4在增产抗逆方面具有巨大潜力。


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18. dCAPS markers developed for nitrate transporter genes TaNRT2L12s associating with 1 000-grain weight in wheat
HUANG Jun-fang, LI Long, MAO Xin-guo, WANG Jing-yi, LIU Hui-min, LI Chao-nan, JING Rui-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1543-1553.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62683-3
摘要119)      PDF    收藏
Nitrate transporters (NRTs) are regulators of nitrate assimilation and transport.  The genome sequences of TaNRT2L12-A, -B and -D were cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and polymorphisms were analyzed by sequencing.  TaNRT2L12-D in a germplasm population was highly conserved.  However, 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TaNRT2L12-A coding region and 11 SNPs in TaNRT2L12-B coding region were detected.  Two derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) markers A-CSNP1 and A-CSNP2 were developed for TaNRT2L12-A based on SNP-351 and SNP-729, and three haplotypes were identified in the germplasm population.  B-CSNP1 and B-CSNP2 were developed for TaNRT2L12-B based on SNP-237 and SNP-1 227, and three haplotypes were detected in the germplasm population.  Association analyses between the markers and agronomic traits in 30 environments and phenotypic comparisons revealed that A-CSNP2-A is a superior allele of shorter plant height (PH), length of penultimate internode (LPI) and peduncle length (PL), B-CSNP2-G is a superior allele of higher grain number per spike (GNS).  Hap-6B-1 containing both superior alleles B-CSNP1-C and B-CSNP2-A is a superior haplotype of 1 000-grain weight (TGW).  Expression analysis showed that TaNRT2L12-B is mainly expressed in the root base and regulated by nitrate.  Therefore, TaNRT2L12 may be involved in nitrate transport and signaling to regulate TGW in wheat.  The superior alleles and dCAPS markers of TaNRT2L12-A/B are beneficial to genetic improvement and germplasm enhancement with molecular markers-assisted selection. 
 
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19. Cloning and functional characterization of two peptidoglycan recognition protein isoforms (PGRP-LC) in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
WEI Dong, WANG Zhe, XU Hui-qian, NIU Jin-zhi, WANG Jin-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 3025-3034.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63202-6
摘要85)      PDF    收藏
The innate immune system of insects is the front line of self-defense against pathogen invasion.  Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are important components and play key roles in insect immune systems by recognizing peptidoglycan (PGN) in bacterial cell walls.  We characterized two isoforms of the PGRP-LC gene, BdPGRP-LCa and BdPGRP-LCb, from Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), an important fruit and vegetable pest worldwide.  These two isoforms contain an open reading frames of 1 668 bp and 1 731 bp, encoding a protein of 555 and 576 amino acids, respectively.  Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that both transcripts were prominently expressed in midgut and fat body of B. dorsalis adult.  Inoculation of pathogens showed that both isoforms actively responded to Escherichia coli PGN.  We also observed a light response to Staphylococcus aureus PGN.  Upon Beauveria bassiana inoculation, the expression of BdPGRP-LCa was enhanced, but the expression of BdPGRP-LCb was suppressed.  Suppression of both transcripts by RNA interference led to increased mortality of flies challenged by E. coli, indicating that the two isoforms are involved in sensing Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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20. Development of peanut varieties with high oil content by in vitro mutagenesis and screening
WANG Jing-shan, SHI Lei, LIU Yue, ZHAO Ming-xia, WANG Xia, QIAO Li-xian, SUI Jiong-ming, LI Guan, ZHU Hong, YU Shan-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2974-2982.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63182-3
摘要148)      PDF    收藏
花生是重要的油料作物,培育高油品种是花生育种的主要目标之一。研究表明,干旱胁迫下花生叶片渗透压与其籽仁含油量呈显著负相关。基于这一原理,我们创建了利用离体诱变和渗透压定向筛选培育高油花生新品种的有效方法。以花生品种花育20号的种子胚小叶为外植体,平阳霉素(PYM)为诱变剂,羟脯氨酸(HYP)为渗透压调节剂进行离体诱变和定向筛选,最终获得15株HYP耐性再生植株。每个再生植株均有含油量 >55%的后代(而花育20号含油量为49.5%)。从HYP耐性植株后代中培育出3个高产高油花生新品种,宇花4号、宇花9号、宇花14号,含油量分别为57.7%、61.1%、59.3%。结果表明,PYM离体诱变后进行HYP离体定向筛选,是培育高油花生品种的有效途径
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21. First report of a new potato disease caused by Galactomyces candidum F12 in China
SONG Su-qin, Lü Zhuo, WANG Jing, ZHU Jing, GU Mei-ying, TANG Qi-yong, ZHANG Zhi-dong, WANG Wei, ZHANG Li-juan, WANG Bo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2470-2476.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63257-9
摘要123)      PDF    收藏
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop throughout the world.  An uncharacterized disease has been observed on potato plants during the growing season and tubers during the storage period from Nileke County, Qitai County and other locations in Xinjiang, China.  A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected potato plants and tubers.  Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity test and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, the pathogens was identified as Galactomyces candidum F12.  Further study also showed that the hyphae and conidia of the pathogenic fungus grew faster as the temperature was 30°C, pH was 7, soluble starch was used as optimal carbon source and yeast powder as optimal nitrogen source.  In addition, 12-h continuous illumination light was beneficial to the hyphal growth, while 24-h continuous illumination was beneficial to the sporulation of the strain at 30°C.  To our knowledge, this is the first report of Galactomyces candidum causing leaf wilt and postharvest tuber rot on potato in China.
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22. Genetic and agronomic traits stability of marker-free transgenic wheat plants generated from Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation in T2 and T3 generations
LIU Hui-yun, WANG Ke, WANG Jing, DU Li-pu, PEI Xin-wu, YE Xing-guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 23-32.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62601-8
摘要99)      PDF    收藏
Genetically modified wheat has not been commercially utilized in agriculture largely due to regulatory hurdles associated with traditional transformation methods.  Development of marker-free transgenic wheat plants will help to facilitate biosafety evaluation and the eventual environmental release of transgenic wheat varieties.  In this study, the marker-free transgenic wheat plants previously obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of double T-DNAs vector were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the T1 generation, and their genetic stability and agronomic traits were analyzed in T2 and T3 generations.  FISH analysis indicated that the transgene often integrated into a position at the distal region of wheat chromosomes.  Furthermore, we show that the GUS transgene was stably inherited in the marker-free transgenic plants in T1 to T3 generations.  No significant differences in agronomic traits or grain characteristics were observed in T3 generation, with the exception of a small variation in spike length and grains per spike in a few lines.  The selection marker of bar gene was not found in the transgenic plants through T1 to T3 generations.  The results from this investigation lay a solid foundation for the potential application of the marker-free transgenic wheat plants achieved through the co-transformation of double T-DNAs vector by Agrobacterium in agriculture after biosafty evaluation.
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23. Carbon cycle in response to residue management and fertilizer application in a cotton field in arid Northwest China
ZHANG Peng-peng, XU Shou-zhen, ZHANG Guo-juan, PU Xiao-zhen, WANG Jin, ZHANG Wang-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (5): 1103-1119.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62075-1
摘要178)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the influence of farming practices on carbon (C) cycling is important for maintaining soil quality and mitigating climate change, especially in arid regions where soil infertility, water deficiency, and climate change had significantly influenced on agroecosystem.  A field experiment was set up in 2009 to examine the influence of residue management and fertilizer application on the C cycle in a cotton field in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China.  The study included two residue management practices (residue incorporation (S) and residue removal (NS)) and four fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer (CK), organic manure (OM), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer plus organic manure (NPK+OM)).  Soil organic carbon (SOC) and some of its labile fractions, soil CO2 flux, and canopy apparent photosynthesis were measured during the cotton growing seasons in 2015 and 2016.  The results showed that SOC, labile SOC fractions, canopy apparent photosynthesis, and soil CO2 emission were significantly greater in S+NPK+OM (residue incorporation+chemical fertilizer) than in the other treatments.  Analysis of all data showed that canopy apparent photosynthesis and soil CO2 emission increased as SOC increased.  The S+OM (residue incorporation+organic manure) and S+NPK+OM treatments were greater for soil C sequestration, whereas the other treatments resulted in soil C loss.  The S+NPK treatment is currently the standard management practice in Xinjiang.  The results of this study indicate that S+NPK cannot offset soil C losses due to organic matter decomposition and autotrophic respiration.  Residue return combined with NPK fertilizer and organic manure application is the preferred strategy in arid regions for increasing soil C sequestration. 
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24. Patent analysis provides insights into the history of cotton molecular breeding worldwide over the last 50 years
HE Wei, ZHAO Hui-min, YANG Xiao-wei, ZHANG Rui, WANG Jing-jing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 539-552.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62012-X
摘要209)      PDF(pc) (1488KB)(207)    收藏
Cotton is a globally important natural fiber and oilseed crop of crucial economic significance.  Molecular breeding has become a dominant method of cotton cultivation because it allows for a shorter breeding period and directional selection of high quality genes.  Patent data are key resources and are the core competitiveness of agricultural development, as the world’s largest and most reliable source of technical information.  However, little attention has been paid to patent analysis of cotton molecular breeding.  This study uses bibliometric analysis methodology and technical classification indexing to reveal global development trends of cotton molecular breeding, based on patents by retrieval methods and expert screening.  The annual number of patents, the life-cycle of patent-based technology, patent portfolios of primary countries, and main patentees, as well as technical distribution of patents, were analyzed in this study.  In addition, this study put emphasis on the comparative analysis of two important patentees through patent roadmaps based on the relationship among patent citations.  Finally, in order to understand the trend of new molecular breeding technology, patents related to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), RNA interference (RNAi), and gene chip were also analyzed, all of which apply to cotton but also to other crops.  Results in this paper can provide references for cotton molecular breeding researchers and relevant management departments.
 
 
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25. Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, ROS, and antioxidant activities in maize (Zea mays L.)
DU Qi, ZHAO Xin-hua, XIA Le, JIANG Chun-ji, WANG Xiao-guang, HAN Yi, WANG Jing, YU Hai-qiu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (2): 395-406.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61953-7
摘要342)      PDF(pc) (5041KB)(821)    收藏
Potassium (K) deficiency significantly decreases photosynthesis due to leaf chlorosis induced by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).  But, the physiological mechanism for adjusting antioxidative defense system to protect leaf function in maize (Zea mays L.) is unknown.  In the present study, four maize inbred lines (K-tolerant, 90-21-3 and 099; K-sensitive, D937 and 835) were used to analyze leaf photosynthesis, anatomical structure, chloroplast ultrastructure, ROS, and antioxidant activities.  The results showed that the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate of PSII (ETR) in 90-21-3 and 099 were higher than those in D937 and 835 under K deficiency treatment.  Parameters of leaf anatomical structure in D937 that were significantly changed under K deficiency treatment include smaller thickness of leaf, lower epidermis cells, and vascular bundle area, whereas the vascular bundle area, xylem vessel number, and area in 90-21-3 were significantly larger or higher.  D937 also had seriously damaged chloroplasts and PSII reaction centers along with increased superoxide anion (O2-·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).  Activities of antioxidants, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were significantly stimulated in 90-21-3 resulting in lower levels of O2-· and H2O2.  These results indicated that the K-tolerant maize promoted antioxidant enzyme activities to maintain ROS homeostasis and suffered less oxidative damage on the photosynthetic apparatus, thereby maintaining regular photosynthesis under K deficiency stress.
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26. Discovery of leaf region and time point related modules and genes in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) of gene expression profiles of carbon metabolism
WANG Jing-lu, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xiao-di, DU Jian-jun, MA Li-ming, GUO Xin-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (2): 350-360.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62029-5
摘要290)      PDF(pc) (1658KB)(274)    收藏
Maize (Zea mays L.) yield depends not only on the conversion and accumulation of carbohydrates in kernels, but also on the supply of carbohydrates by leaves.  However, the carbon metabolism process in leaves can vary across different leaf regions and during the day and night.  Hence, we used Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) with the gene expression profiles of carbon metabolism to identify the modules and genes that may associate with particular regions in a leaf and time of day.  There were a total of 45 samples of maize leaves that were taken from three different regions of a growing maize leaf at five time points.  Robust Multi-array Average analysis was used to pre-process the raw data of GSE85963 (accession number), and quality control of data was based on Pearson correlation coefficients.  We obtained eight co-expression network modules.  The modules with the highest significance of association with LeafRegion and TimePoint were selected.  Functional enrichment and gene-gene interaction analyses were conducted to acquire the hub genes and pathways in these significant modules.  These results can support the findings of similar studies by providing evidence of potential module genes and enriched pathways associated with leaf development in maize.
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27.
Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China
WANG Shi-chao, WANG Jin-zhou, ZHAO Ya-wen, REN Yi, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Shu-xiang, LU Chang-ai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2619-2627.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62152-5
摘要103)      PDF    收藏
The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity (CPISP) refers to the ratio of crop yields under no-fertilization versus under conventional fertilization with the same field management.  CPISP is a comprehensive measure of soil fertility.  This study used 1 086 on-farm trials (from 1984–2013) and 27 long-term field experiments (from 1979–2013) to quantify changes in CPISP.  Here, we present CPISP3 values, which reflect the CPISP states during the first three years after site establishment, for a series of sites at different locations in China collected in 1984–1990 (the 1980s), 1996–2000 (the 1990s), and 2004–2013 (the 2000s).  The results showed that the average CPISP3 value for three crops (wheat, rice, and maize) was 53.8%.  Historically, the CPISP3 in the 1990s (57.5%) was much higher than those in the 1980s (50.3%), and the 2000s (52.0%) (P≤0.05).  Long-term no-fertilization caused CPISP levels to gradually decline and then stabilize; for example, in a mono-cropping system with irrigation, the CPISP values in Northwest and Northeast China declined by 4.5 and 4.0%, respectively, each year for the first ten years, but subsequently, the CPISP values stabilized.  In contrast, the CPISP for upland crops in double-cropping systems continued to decrease at a rate of 1.1% per year.  The CPISP for upland-paddy cropping decreased very slowly (0.07% per year), whereas the CPISP for paddy cropping decreased sharply (3.1% per year, on average) for the first two years and then remained steady during the following years.  Therefore, upland crops in double-cropping systems consume the most inherent soil productivity, whereas paddy fields are favourable for maintaining a high level of CPISP.  Overall, our results demonstrate a need to further improve China’s CPISP3 values to meet growing productivity demands. 
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28.
Characterization of field-evolved resistance to cyantraniliprole in Bemisia tabaci MED from China
WANG Ran, WANG Jin-da, CHE Wu-nan, SUN Yan, LI Wen-xiang, LUO Chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2571-2578.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62557-8
摘要130)      PDF    收藏
Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide with significant efficacy against Bemisia tabaci, an important pest insect worldwide.  In this study, we conducted reversion and selection work and genetic analysis, and determined cross-resistance spectrum and synergism of cyantraniliprole resistance based on the reported population, SX population, of B. tabaci collected from Shanxi Province, China.  Compared with a susceptible strain (MED-S), SX population, the field-evolved cyantraniliprole-resistant population exhibited 26.4-fold higher resistance to cyantraniliprole.  In SX, a sharp decline of cyantraniliprole resistance was shown in the absence of selection.  Another tested strain, SX-R, was established from SX population after successive selection with cyantraniliprole and recently developed 138.4-fold high resistance to cyantraniliprole.  SX-R had no cross-resistance to abamectin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, or bifenthrin.  Genetic analysis illustrated that cyantraniliprole resistance in SX-R was autosomally inherited and incompletely dominant.  Additionally, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly inhibited cyantraniliprole resistance in the SX-R strain.  In conclusion, the selection of SX with cyantraniliprole led to high resistance to cyantraniliprole which is incompletely dominant and no cross-resistance to several common types of insecticides.  Enhanced oxidative metabolism is possibly involved in the resistance of SX-R, yet target-site resistance could not be excluded. 
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29. Generation of recombinant rabies virus ERA strain applied to virus tracking in cell infection
ZHAO Dan-dan, SHUAI Lei, GE Jin-ying, WANG Jin-liang, WEN Zhi-yuan, LIU Ren-qiang, WANG Chong, WANG Xi-jun, BU Zhi-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (10): 2361-2368.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62717-6
摘要156)      PDF    收藏
The mechanism of rabies virus (RABV) infection still needs to be further characterized.  RABV particle with self-fluorescent is a powerful viral model to visualize the viral infection process in cells.  Herein, based on a reverse genetic system of the Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (rERA) strain, we generated a recombinant RABV rERA-N/mCherry strain that stably expresses an additional ERA nucleoprotein that fuses with the red fluorescent protein mCherry (N/mCherry).  The rERA-N/mCherry strain retained growth property similar to the parent strain rERA in vitro.  The N/mCherry expression showed genetic stability during passage into mouse neuroblastoma (NA) cells and did not change the virulence of the vector.  The rERA-N/mCherry strain was then utilized as a visual viral model to study the RABV-cell binding and internalization.  We directly observed the red self-fluorescence of rERA-N/mCherry particles binding to the cell surface, and further co-localizing with clathrin in the early stage of infection in NA cells by fluorescence microscopy.  Our results showed that the rERA-N/mCherry strain uses clathrin-dependent endocytosis to enter cells, which is consistent with the well-known mechanism of RABV invasion.  The recombinant RABV rERA-N/mCherry thus appears to have the potential to be an effective viral model to further explore the fundamental molecular mechanism of rabies neuropathogenesis.
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30. The efficiency of long-term straw return to sequester organic carbon in Northeast China's cropland
WANG Shi-chao, ZHAO Ya-wen, WANG Jin-zhou, ZHU Ping, CUI Xian, HAN Xiao-zeng, XU Ming-gang, LU Chang-ai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 436-448.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61739-8
摘要761)      PDF    收藏
Black soil is one of the most precious soil resources on earth because it has abundant carbon stocks and a relatively high production capacity.  However, decreasing organic matter after land reclamation, and the effects of long-term inputs of organic carbon have made it less fertile black soil in Northeast China.  Straw return could be an effective method for improving soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in black soils.  The objective of this study was to evaluate whether straw return effectively increases SOC sequestration.  Long-term field experiments were conducted at three sites in Northeast China with varying latitudes and SOC densities.  Study plots were subjected to three treatments: no fertilization (CK); inorganic fertilization (NPK); and NPK plus straw return (NPKS).  The results showed that the SOC stocks resulting from NPKS treatment were 4.0 and 5.7% higher than those from NPK treatment at two sites, but straw return did not significantly affect the SOC stocks at the third site.  Furthermore, at higher SOC densities, the NPKS treatment resulted in significantly higher soil carbon sequestration rates (CSR) than the NPK treatment.  The equilibrium value of the CSR for the NPKS treatment equated to cultivation times of 17, 11, and 8 years at the different sites.  Straw return did not significantly increase the SOC stocks in regions with low SOC densities, but did enhance the C pool in regions with high SOC densities.  These results show that there is strong regional variation in the effects of straw return on the SOC stocks in black soil in Northeast China.  Additional cultivations and fertilization practices should be used when straw return is considered as an approach for the long-term improvement of the soil organic carbon pool.
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