Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 3182-3192.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.027

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优化水分管理措施提升北方马铃薯产量和水分利用效率

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-11-10 接受日期:2023-02-07 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-10-07

Optimizing water management practice to increase potato yield and water use efficiency in North China

LI Yang1, WANG Jing1#, FANG Quan-xiao2, HU Qi1, HUANG Ming-xia1, CHEN Ren-wei1, ZHANG Jun3, HUANG Bin-xiang1, PAN Zhi-hua1, PAN Xue-biao1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
    2 Agronomy College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R.China
    3 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-11-10 Accepted:2023-02-07 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-10-07
  • About author:LI Yang, E-mail: doudoucau@163.com; #Correspondence WANG Jing, Tel: +86-10-62734636, E-mail: wangj@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1901104) and the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University (00109016).  

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摘要：

马铃薯是中国北方主要的粮食作物之一。然而，降水量少且年际波动大严重威胁着北方雨养马铃薯的高产和稳产。在水分限制条件下，优化水分管理措施可有效提升马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率，从而能保证粮食安全。但当前较少研究定量了不同水分管理措施对中国北方马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的贡献。本文基于多源大田试验数据和作物模型，使用Meta分析方法定量了中国北方大兴安岭区、燕山丘陵区、阴山北麓区和黄土高原区马铃薯的潜在、灌溉和雨养产量及其水分利用效率。结果表明，APSIM-Potato模型模拟的马铃薯潜在干重产量在燕山丘陵最高（12.4 t ha-1），其次为阴山北麓（11.4 t ha-1）、大兴安岭（11.2 t ha-1）、和黄土高原（10.7 t ha-1）。大兴安岭、燕山丘陵、阴山北麓和黄土高原实测的雨养马铃薯干重产量分别占各区潜在产量的61、30、28和24%。潜在条件下燕山丘陵马铃薯的水分利用效率最高，其次为大兴安岭、阴山北麓和黄土高原，对应的水分利用效率分别为2.2、2.1、1.9和1.9 kg m-3。在北方马铃薯种植区，沟垄种植的马铃薯产量和水分利用效率可较平作提升8-49%和2-36%，而沟垄种植搭配覆膜的马铃薯产量和水分利用效率可较平作提升35-89%和7-57%。在水资源有限的马铃薯种植区，通过沟垄种植、覆膜和补灌相结合的水分管理方式能协同提高马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率。

Abstract:

Potato is one of the staple food crops in North China.  However, potato production in this region is threatened by the low amount and high spatial-temporal variation of precipitation.  Increasing yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato by various water management practices under water resource limitation is of great importance for ensuring food security in China.  However, the contributions of different water management practices to yield and WUE of potato have been rarely investigated across North China’s potato planting region.  Based on meta-analysis of field experiments from the literature and model simulation, this study quantified the potential yields of potatoes without water and fertilizer limitation, and yield under irrigated and rainfed conditions, and the corresponding WUEs across four potato planting regions including the Da Hinggan Mountains (DH), the Foothills of Yanshan hilly (YH), the North foot of the Yinshan Mountains (YM), and the Loess Plateau (LP) in North China.  Simulated average potential potato tuber dry weight yield by the APSIM-Potato Model was 12.4 t ha–1 for the YH region, 11.4 t ha–1 for the YM region, 11.2 t ha–1 for the DH region, and 10.7 t ha–1 for the LP region, respectively.  Observed rainfed potato tuber dry weight yield accounted for 61, 30, 28 and 24% of the potential yield in the DH, YH, YM, and LP regions.  The maximum WUE of 2.2 kg m–3 in the YH region, 2.1 kg m–3 in the DH region, 1.9 kg m–3 in the YM region and 1.9 kg m–3 in the LP region was achieved under the potential yield level.  Ridge-furrow planting could boost yield by 8–49% and WUE by 2–36% while ridge-furrow planting with film mulching could boost yield by 35–89% and WUE by 7–57% across North China.  Our study demonstrates that there is a large potential to increase yield and WUE simultaneously by combining ridge-furrow planting with film mulching and supplemental irrigation in different potato planting regions with limited water resources.

Key words: potential yield ,  irrigated yield ,  rainfed yield ,  ridge-furrow ,  film mulching ,  APSIM