Carbon cycle in response to residue management and fertilizer application in a cotton field in arid Northwest China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62075-1

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the influence of farming practices on carbon (C) cycling is important for maintaining soil quality and mitigating climate change, especially in arid regions where soil infertility, water deficiency, and climate change had significantly influenced on agroecosystem. A field experiment was set up in 2009 to examine the influence of residue management and fertilizer application on the C cycle in a cotton field in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China. The study included two residue management practices (residue incorporation (S) and residue removal (NS)) and four fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer (CK), organic manure (OM), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer plus organic manure (NPK+OM)). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and some of its labile fractions, soil CO₂ flux, and canopy apparent photosynthesis were measured during the cotton growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that SOC, labile SOC fractions, canopy apparent photosynthesis, and soil CO₂ emission were significantly greater in S+NPK+OM (residue incorporation+chemical fertilizer) than in the other treatments. Analysis of all data showed that canopy apparent photosynthesis and soil CO₂ emission increased as SOC increased. The S+OM (residue incorporation+organic manure) and S+NPK+OM treatments were greater for soil C sequestration, whereas the other treatments resulted in soil C loss. The S+NPK treatment is currently the standard management practice in Xinjiang. The results of this study indicate that S+NPK cannot offset soil C losses due to organic matter decomposition and autotrophic respiration. Residue return combined with NPK fertilizer and organic manure application is the preferred strategy in arid regions for increasing soil C sequestration.

Key words: residue , fertilizer , SOC pool , canopy apparent photosynthesis , soil respiration , soil C balance

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(5): 1103-1119.

ZHANG Peng-peng, XU Shou-zhen, ZHANG Guo-juan, PU Xiao-zhen, WANG Jin, ZHANG Wang-feng. Carbon cycle in response to residue management and fertilizer application in a cotton field in arid Northwest China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(5): 1103-1119.

参考文献

Abdalla K, Chivenge P, Ciais P, Chaplot V. 2015. No-tillage lessens soil CO2 emissions the most under arid and sandy soil conditions: Results from a meta-analysis. Biogeosciences, 12, 15495–15535.
Acock B, Charles-Edwards D A, Fitter D J, Hand D W, Ludwig L J, Wilson J W, Withers A C. 1978. The contribution of leaves from different levels within a tomato crop to canopy net photosynthesis: An experimental examination of two canopy models. Journal of Experimental Botany, 29, 815–827.
Bhattacharyya R, Kundu S, Srivastva A K, Gupta H S, Prakash V, Bhatt J C. 2011. Long term fertilization effects on soil organic carbon pools in a sandy loam soil of the Indian sub-Himalayas. Plant and Soil, 341, 109–124.
Blair G J, Lefroy R, Lisle L. 1995. Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, 1459–1466.
Ding W, Meng L, Yin Y, Cai Z, Zheng X. 2007. CO2 emission in an intensively cultivated loam as affected by long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 669–679.
Dossouyovo E, Brueggemann N, Naab J, Huat J, Ampofo E, Ago E, Agbossou E. 2016. Reducing soil CO2 emission and improving upland rice yield with no-tillage, straw mulch and nitrogen fertilization in northern Benin. Soil & Tillage Research, 156, 44–53.
Egodawatta W C P, Sangakkara U R, Stamp P. 2012. Impact of green manure and mineral fertilizer inputs on soil organic matter and crop productivity in a sloping landscape of Sri Lanka. Field Crops Research, 129, 21–27.
Fan J, Wang J, Zhao B, Wu L, Zhang C, Zhao X, Gadow K V. 2015. Effects of manipulated above- and below-ground organic matter input on soil respiration in a Chinese pine plantation. PLoS ONE, 10, e0126337.
Feng S, Tan S, Zhang A, Zhang Q, Pan G, Qu F, Smith P, Li L, Zhang X. 2011. Effect of household land management on cropland topsoil organic carbon storage at plot scale in a red earth soil area of South China. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 149, 557–566.
Ghani A, Dexter M, Perrott K W. 2003. Hot-water extractable carbon in soils: A sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilisation, grazing and cultivation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35, 1231–1243.
Gill R A, Polley H W, Johnson H B, Anderson L J, Maherali H, Jackson R B. 2002. Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2. Nature, 417, 279–282.
Gomez-Casanovas N, Matamala R, Cook D R, Gonzalez-Meler M A. 2012. Net ecosystem exchange modifies the relationship between the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration with abiotic factors in prairie grasslands. Global Change Biology, 18, 2532–2545.
Gong J R, Wang Y, Liu M, Huang Y, Yan X, Zhang Z, Zhang W. 2014. Effects of land use on soil respiration in the temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Soil & Tillage Research, 144, 20–31.
Gong J R, Xu S, Wang Y, Luo Q, Liu M, Zhang W. 2015. Effect of irrigation on the soil respiration of constructed grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. Plant and Soil, 395, 159–172.
Groenigen K J V, Hastings A, Forristal D, Roth B, Jones M, Smith P. 2011. Soil C storage as affected by tillage and straw management: An assessment using field measurements and model predictions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 140, 218–225.
Han G, Luo Y, Li D, Xia J, Xing Q, Yu J. 2014. Ecosystem photosynthesis regulates soil respiration on a diurnal scale with a short-term time lag in a coastal wetland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 68, 85–94.
Han G, Zhou G, Xu Z, Yang Y, Liu J, Shi K. 2007. Biotic and abiotic factors controlling the spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration in an agricultural ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 418–425.
Hu Y L, Wu F P, Zeng D H, Chang S X. 2014. Wheat straw and its biochar had contrasting effects on soil C and N cycling two growing seasons after addition to a Black Chernozemic soil planted to barley. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 1291–1299.
Huang N, Niu Z, Zhan Y, Xu S, Tappert M C, Wu C, Huang W, Gao S, Hou X, Cai D. 2012. Relationships between soil respiration and photosynthesis-related spectral vegetation indices in two cropland ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 160, 80–89.
Iovieno P, Morra L, Leone A, Pagano L, Alfani A. 2009. Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil respiration and enzyme activities of two Mediterranean horticultural soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 45, 555–561.
Jenkinson D S, Ladd J N. 1981. Microbial biomass in soil: Measurement and turnover. Soil Biochemistry, 6, 415–471.
Jiang G, Xu M, He X, Zhang W, Huang S, Yang X, Liu H, Peng C, Shirato Y, Iizumi T, Wang J, Murphy D V. 2014. Soil organic carbon sequestration in upland soils of northern China under variable fertilizer management and climate change scenarios. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28, 319–333.
Kou T J, Zhu P, Huang S, Peng X X, Song Z W, Deng A X, Gao H J, Peng C, Zhang W J. 2012. Effects of long-term cropping regimes on soil carbon sequestration and aggregate composition in rainfed farmland of Northeast China. Soil & Tillage Research, 118, 132–138.
Lal R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304, 1623–1627.
Lal R. 2009. Challenges and opportunities in soil organic matter research. European Journal of Soil Science, 60, 158–169.
Lal R. 2013a. Food security in a changing climate. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 13, 8–21.
Lal R. 2013b. Intensive agriculture and the soil carbon pool. Journal of Crop Improvement, 27, 735–751.
Lemke R L, Vandenbygaart A J, Campbell C A, Lafond G P, Grant B. 2010. Crop residue removal and fertilizer N: Effects on soil organic carbon in a long-term crop rotation experiment on a Udic Boroll. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 135, 42–51.
Li S, Wang C, Wang C, Zhang W. 2000. A study on the distribuding pattern and construction of high-yield cotton root system in North Xinjiang. Acta Gossypii Sinica, 12, 67–72. (in Chinese)
Mancinelli R, Marinari S, Brunetti P, Radicetti E, Campiglia E. 2015. Organic mulching, irrigation and fertilization affect soil CO2 emission and C storage in tomato crop in the Mediterranean environment. Soil & Tillage Research, 152, 39–51.
Mandal N, Dwivedi B S, Meena M C, Singh D, Datta S P, Tomar R K, Sharma B M. 2013. Effect of induced defoliation in pigeonpea, farmyard manure and sulphitation pressmud on soil organic carbon fractions, mineral nitrogen and crop yields in a pigeonpea-wheat cropping system. Field Crops Research, 154, 178–187.
Minasny B, Malone B P, Mcbratney A B, Angers D A, Arrouays D, Chambers A, Chaplot V, Chen Z S, Cheng K, Das B S. 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, 59–86.
Qiao Y, Miao S, Li N, Xu Y, Han X, Zhang B. 2015. Crop species affect soil organic carbon turnover in soil profile and among aggregate sizes in a Mollisol as estimated from natural 13C abundance. Plant and Soil, 392, 163–174.
Raich J W, Potter C S, Bhagawati D. 2002. Interannual variability in global soil respiration, 1980–94. Global Change Biology, 8, 800–812.
Reddy V R, Reddy K R, Hodges H F. 1995. Carbon dioxide enrichment and temperature effects on cotton canopy photosynthesis, transpiration, and water-use efficiency. Field Crops Research, 41, 13–23.
Saikia P, Bhattacharya S S, Baruah K K. 2015. Organic substitution in fertilizer schedule: Impacts on soil health, photosynthetic efficiency, yield and assimilation in wheat grown in alluvial soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 203, 102–109.
Walkley A J, Black I A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29–38.
West P C, Gerber J S, Engstrom P M, Mueller N D, Brauman K A, Carlson K M, Cassidy E S, Johnston M, MacDonald G K, Ray D K. 2014. Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment. Science, 345, 325–328.
Wu Y, Liu S, Tan Z. 2015. Quantitative attribution of major driving forces on soil organic carbon dynamics. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 7, 21–34.
Xu Y M, Liu H, Wang X H, Xu M G, Zhang W J, Jiang G Y. 2014. Changes in organic carbon index of grey desert soil in Northwest China after long-term fertilization. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13, 554–561.
Zhang P, Chen X, Wei T, Yang Z, Jia Z, Yang B, Han Q, Ren X. 2016. Effects of straw incorporation on the soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and crop yield in a semiarid region of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 160, 65–72.
Zhang P, Wei T, Jia Z, Han Q, Ren X, Li Y. 2014. Effects of straw incorporation on soil organic matter and soil water-stable aggregates content in semiarid regions of Northwest China. PLoS ONE, 9, e92839.
Zhang Q, Yang L, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Luo H, Wang J, Zhang W. 2014. Effects of cotton field management practices on soil CO2 emission and C balance in an arid region of Northwest China. Journal of Arid Land, 6, 468–477.
Zhang W, Xu M, Wang X, Huang Q, Nie J, Li Z, Li S, Hwang S W, Lee K B. 2012. Effects of organic amendments on soil carbon sequestration in paddy fields of subtropical China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 12, 457–470.
Zheng L, Wu W, Wei Y, Hu K. 2015. Effects of straw return and regional factors on spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter in a high-yielding area of northern China. Soil & Tillage Research, 145, 78–86.
Zhu L, Hu N, Zhang Z, Xu J, Tao B, Meng Y, 2015. Short-term responses of soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index to different annual straw return rates in a rice-wheat cropping system. Catena, 135, 283–289.