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1. 基于甜菜碱生物合成代谢工程创制紫叶花生种质资源
Dongxin Huai, Jie Wu, Xiaomeng Xue, Hao Liu, Nian Liu, Li Huang, Liying Yan, Yuning Chen, Xin Wang, Qianqian Wang, Yanping Kang, Zhihui Wang, Yanbin Hong, Huifang Jiang, Boshou Liao, Yong Lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (4): 1606-1609.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.034
摘要106)      PDF    收藏

在乡村旅游蓬勃发展之际,农田作画已成为吸引游客观光和提升农民收入的关键策略。然而,在我国重要的油料作物——花生中,缺少可供花生田作画使用的紫叶品种。因此,开发紫叶花生品种势在必行。甜菜碱是一种源自氨基酸酪氨酸的植物天然色素,呈现红紫色,并且具备抗氧化功能对人体健康有益。甜菜碱的生物合成途径相对简单,仅通过三个酶反应便可将酪氨酸转化为甜菜碱。RUBY基因是由编码甜菜碱合成所需的P450 加氧酶(CYP76AD1)、二羟基苯丙氨酸双加氧酶(DODA)和糖基转移酶的三个基因组成的人工开放阅读框,可利用酪氨酸合成甜菜碱。本研究采用农杆菌介导的转化方式,在 35S 启动子的驱动下,在花生中异源表达RUBY 基因。在转基因植株的愈伤组织、再生芽以及根、叶、茎、花、豆荚和种子中均观察到了紫色组织存在。与野生型植株相比,紫色叶片中转基因植株含有显著更高量级的甜菜碱。综上所述,我们成功创制出了具备观赏植物潜力的带有紫色叶片特征的花生新种质,为培育紫叶花生品种提供了理论和材料基础。此外,RUBY在花生转化过程中展现出了作为可见报告基因的潜力,可用于高效筛选转化植株。

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2. 热胁迫下植物生长和耐热性的精细调控
Yulong Zhao, Song Liu, Kaifeng Yang, Xiuli Hu, Haifang Jiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (2): 409-428.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.028
摘要100)      PDF    收藏
全球变暖引起气候变化,严重影响植物生长发育,并对粮食安全构成威胁。植物本身具有对适宜温度的响应能力(如热形态发生),并能承受一定范围的高温胁迫。在分子水平上,许多小分子在维持生长和防御机制之间的平衡发挥着关键作用,通过微调对外部刺激的响应来确保作物的最佳产量。因此,了解植物响应热应激的分子机制,解析植物适应热胁迫的的生物过程变得至关重要。在本综述中,我们概述了植物热响应基因网络,论述了植物如何感知高温并启动细胞和代谢反应,最终使其能够适应不利的生长条件。最后,我们还对植物生长及对热应激响应之间的权衡作出讨论,提出调控植物响应热应激的调节网络,这也将为全面挖掘耐热候选基因并应用于农业生产提供帮助。
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3. 尿嘧啶从头合成酶ODCase在产酶溶杆菌中的独特功能
Mingming Yang, Yunxiao Tan, Jiabing Ma, Yingjia Zhao, Xia Yan, Nana Wang, Pingping Wang, Jiaqi Tan, Suilong Ai, Xiaofei Liang, Bangshuai Chang, Obadah E. A. Yousif, Chao Zhao, Bo Wang, Guoliang Qian, Lili Huang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (9): 3066-3077.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.047
摘要98)      PDF    收藏

产酶溶杆菌Lysobacter enzymogenes)OH11分泌的热稳定抗真菌因子HSAF具有广谱高效的抑菌活性。目前无法利用化学合成和异源表达等方法生产HSAFOH11菌株中HSAF原始产量低,是规模化生产的主要瓶颈从分子层面阐明HSAF生物合成的调控网络可为提升活性代谢物产量,研发绿色高效的新型生防产品奠定理论基础。本研究发现一个编码乳清酸核苷-5'-单磷酸脱羧酶(ODCase的基因Le0752,该基因在尿嘧啶从头合成途径中催化乳清酸核苷酸(OMP)生成尿嘧啶核苷酸(UMP)。Le0752缺失突变株的HSAF产量及其发酵粗提液对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)的皿内抑菌活性均显著降低,而用Le0752缺失突变体发酵液处理过的辣椒疫霉对本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)的毒力较野生型显著提高。Le0752突变体在1/10 TSA平板上生长减缓,但蹭行运动(twitching motility)能力不受影响。qRT-PCR结果表明,Le0752缺失突变后HSAF合成键基因lafB及其关键调控因子clp的基因表达水平显著降低,遗传学试验证明Le0752通过转录因子Clp调控lafB的转录进而影响HSAF的生物合成。生物信息学分析显示,溶杆菌属中的ODCases归于Group III类群,而与溶杆菌属亲缘关系较近的黄单胞菌属和寡养单胞菌属的ODCases归属Group I类群。基因染色体同源替换实验中,稻黄单胞菌水稻致病变种(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)中的ODCase(pyrF)能够完全恢复Le0752缺失突变表型。本研究阐明尿嘧啶从头合成酶ODCaseHSAF合成关键调控作用将为改造HSAF高产菌株提供理论支撑,并拓展对细菌ODCase功能与进化的认识

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4. 基于BSA-seq和QTL定位挖掘棉花早熟相关性状候选基因
Liang Ma, Tingli Hu, Meng Kang, Xiaokang Fu, Pengyun Chen, Fei Wei, Hongliang Jian, Xiaoyan Lü, Meng Zhang, Yonglin Yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (10): 3472-3486.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.024
摘要97)      PDF    收藏
培育早熟棉品种是提高我国复种指数、缓解粮棉争地矛盾的有效途径。本研究旨在挖掘与棉花早熟性状相关的数量性状位点(QTL)和候选基因,包括全生育期(WGP)、开花时间(FT)、第一结果枝节位(NFFB)、第一果枝节位高度(HNFFB)和株高(PH)。以早熟棉品种中棉所50和晚熟棉品种国欣棉11为亲本分别在2020年和2021年构建得到两个F2分离群体,用于BSA-seq和QTL定位。在2020年,基于F2分离群体的表型数据,构建极端混池进行BSA-seq测序,分析发现早熟相关性状的候选区间位于D03染色体上。为进一步缩小候选区间,我们开发得到22个多态性InDel标记,在2020年和2021年群体中分别检测到5个和4个早熟性状相关的QTL位点,这些QTL位于两个候选区域内(InDel_G286-InDel_G144和InDel_G24-InDel_G43)。两个候选区间内,三个基因(GH_D03G0451GH_D03GO649GH_D03G1180)的外显子在两个亲本中存在非同义突变,一个基因(GH_D03G0450)的上游序列在两个亲本中存在SNP变异。上述四个基因在花器官中均具有较高的表达。在花芽分化阶段,GH_D03G0451GH_D03GO649GH_D03G1180在中棉所50中的表达量显著高于国欣棉11,而GH_D03G0450则表现出相反的趋势。对GH_D03G0451的进一步功能验证显示沉默GH_D03GO451的植株表现出开花延迟。本研究将为棉花早熟分子改良提供理论支撑和基因资源。
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5. 腐烂茎线虫中药材群体ITS单倍型分析
NI Chun-hui, HAN Bian, LIU Yong-gang, Maria MUNAWAR, LIU Shi-ming, LI Wen-hao, SHI Ming-ming, LI Hui-xia, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1763-1781.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.126
摘要181)      PDF    收藏

腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)是一种重要的检疫性病原线虫,严重危害甘薯、马铃薯和中药材等根茎类作物。该线虫种内分化明显,根据ITS-rDNA序列差异,国外的研究将其分为A-G 7个单倍型,主要集中于马铃薯和甘薯的线虫群体。本研究对腐烂茎线虫中药材群体ITS-rDNA序列及其RNA二级结构进行分析以明确单倍型分化,并通过ITS-rDNA28S D2-D3系统发育关系、ITS-RFLRITS特异性引物PCR扩增进一步验证不同群体单倍型分化。甘肃、青海、陕西、内蒙和黑龙江等5个省采集当归、党参、马铃薯和甘薯的腐烂茎线虫群体43个,其中中药材群体37。线虫群体的ITS-rDNA序列长度为727 bp-969 bp,长度差异主要表现在ITS1区串联重复序列的数量不同串联重复序列在ITS1二级结构中形成了稳定的茎环,即H9螺旋。H9螺旋结构的有无及其差异,43群体的ITS-rDNA序列可划分10个单倍型与已知单倍型(A-G)对比分析,发现其中3单倍型分别AB和C单倍型一致,而另外7单倍型与已知单倍型不同,将其依次命名为HIJKLMN单倍型,7单倍来源于中药材。综合本研究和已知单倍型分体系,腐烂茎线虫中发现A-N 14个单倍型。ITS28S系统发育分析显示,所有单倍型群体分化为两支:A单倍型为一支,B-N单倍型为一支。对比ITS28S系统发育,发现A单倍型均单独聚为一支,但B-N分不太一致且不同单倍型系统发育关系较为混乱。ITS-RFLP和特异性引物PCR结果显示H和A单倍型酶切图谱和特异性片段长度相同, B和C单倍型特异性片段长度相同,但其它单倍型间存在明显差异。除K单倍型不同群体间有差异外,其单倍型群体间明显差异。本研究发现了腐烂茎线虫中药材群体中存在新的单倍型,并明确了不同单倍型差异,该结果将推动茎线虫生物学的研究进展,且对中药材腐烂茎线虫的识别和防治具有指导意义。

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6. 根据转录组分析影响鸡肉亚油酸含量的关键基因和调控通路
ZHAO Wen-juan, YUAN Xiao-ya, XIANG Hai, MA Zheng, CUI Huan-xian, LI Hua, ZHAO Gui-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3744-3754.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.019
摘要226)      PDF    收藏

亚油酸是一种必需的多不饱和脂肪酸,不能由人类或动物自身合成,只能从外部获得。亚油酸的含量对肉的质量和风味有影响,并间接影响消费者的偏好。然而,影响亚油酸在生物体内沉积的分子机制并不清楚。因为对于亚油酸沉积的分子机制尚不明晰,为了研究影响亚油酸含量的主要效应基因,本研究旨在通过转录组测序(RNA-Seq)和加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)来筛选慢型型黄羽鸡的关键基因。我们为了筛选与慢型黄羽肉鸡中亚油酸含量相关的候选基因,126天上市日龄时宰杀了399只天农麻鸡,测量了胸肌中的脂肪酸含量,并收集胸肌组织进行转录组测序。通过将转录组测序结果与WGCNA的表型相结合,来筛选候选基因。并对在相关度最高的模块中显著相关的基因进行了KEGG富集分析。在对399个胸肌组织进行基于RNA-Seq的质量控制后,共获得13,310个基因。使用这些基因进行了WGCNA,共得到26个模块,其中8个与亚油酸含量高度相关的模块。根据|GS|>0.2和|MM|>0.8的标准进行筛选,得到四个关键基因,即MDH2ATP5BRPL7APDGFRA。KEGG富集后结果显示,目标模块内的基因主要富集在代谢途径中。本研究通过大样本量的转录组分析,发现代谢途径在天农麻鸡亚油酸含量的调控中起着重要作用,并筛选出MDH2ATP5BRPL7APDGFRA作为影响亚油酸含量的重要候选基因。本研究结果为选择分子标记和全面了解影响肌肉中亚油酸含量的分子机制提供了理论依据,为慢速型黄羽肉鸡的育种提供了重要参考。

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7. PPAR gamma2:正调控鸡Plin1基因表达的PPARγ主要蛋白亚型
SUN Yu-hang, ZHAI Gui-ying, PANG Yong-jia, LI Rui, LI Yu-mao, CAO Zhi-ping, WANG Ning, LI Hui, WANG Yu-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2357-2371.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63896-0
摘要152)      PDF    收藏

本研究的目的旨在确定鸡PPARγPlin1基因调控作用,并阐明其确切的分子机制。本研究首先利用RT-qPCR技术检测PPARγ激动剂对cPlin1基因表达的影响,而后通过双荧光素酶报告基因和RT-qPCR技术分析PPARγcPlin1基因启动子活性和mRNA表达的影响,再通过免疫共沉淀和双荧光素酶报告基因技术研究PPARγ与RXRα的协同作用对cPlin1基因启动子活性的影响,最后通过启动子截短和突变分析以及凝胶阻滞技术确定cPlin1基因启动子中PPARγ2的具体调控位点。基因表达分析结果表明,PPARγ的特异性激动剂—曲格列酮可以显著增强(P<0.05)PPARγ的靶基因LPLA-FABPFAS基因Plin1基因的mRNA表达水平,提示cPlin1基因的表达可能受PPARγ的调控;进一步的报告基因和基因表达分析结果表明,PPARγ2能够显著促进P<0.01)cPlin1基因启动子活性及mRNA表达水平,但PPARγ1却无此作用;免疫共沉淀和报告基因结果表明,PPARγ与RXRα之间存在蛋白质相互作用;与单独过表达RXRα相比,共表达PPARγ2和RXRα显著增强(P<0.01)cPlin1基因的启动子活性,但共表达PPARγ1和RXRα则没有表现出类似的现象;启动子的截短及突变分析以及凝胶阻滞结果表明,PPARγ2可以cPlin1基因启动子的-1126/-1116位点结合促进P<0.01)cPlin1基因表达。与哺乳动物相似,(i)鸡PPARγPlin1基因的转录具有正调控作用,其中PPARγ2是发挥此调控作用的主要蛋白亚型;(ii)PPARγ2是通过与cPlin1基因启动子区域的-1126/-1116位点结合来实现促进cPlin1基因表达作用的。本研究的创新性是明确了鸡PPARγPlin1基因表达的调控作用并揭示了PPARγ2调控Plin1基因转录的分子机制


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8. JIA-2021-0475 土壤理化性质、种植模式和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响
TIAN Xue-liang, LIU Jia-jia, LIU Quan-cheng, XIA Xin-yao, PENG Yong, Alejandra I. HUERTA, YAN Jian-bing, LI Hui, LIU Wen-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2145-2157.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63772-3
摘要225)      PDF    收藏

我们利用宏基因组技术研究了玉米种植模式、土壤性质和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响。在本研究所有土壤样品中,α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、酸杆菌纲和放线菌纲是共同优势原核生物类群。非度量多维尺度法分析发现,原核生物群落划分4个组,且与4个玉米种植区相吻合。冗余分析表明,土壤性质(尤其是pH)、地理位置和种植模式共同影响土壤原核生物群落多样性,而地理位置(纬度)、pH和种植模式影响土壤原核生物功能基因。4个玉米生产区土壤原核生物某些代谢途径中的功能基因丰度差异显著,如微生物-微生物相互作用、芳香化合物降解、原核生物固碳途径和微生物在不同环境中代谢等。总之,土壤pH、种植制度和地理位置三者共同影响了我国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落和功能基因。研究结果有助于深入了解大尺度农业生态系统中土壤原核生物群落的组成和基因功能。


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9. JIA-2021-0958 整合全基因组关联分析和选择信号分析揭示鸡F2群体骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传因子
LI Yu-dong, BAI Xue, LIU Xin , WANG Wei-jia, LI Zi-wei, WANG Ning, XIAO Fan, GAO Hai-he, GUO Huai-shun, LI Hui, WANG Shou-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2065-2075.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63805-4
摘要318)      PDF    收藏

本研究以东北农业大学鸡F2资源群体(NEAURP)为材料,利用 Illumina HiSeq PE150平台进行全基因组测序(26个F0个体进行10×重测序,519个F2个体进行3×重测序)。使用SAMtools进行SNP calling,BEAGLE 4.0在默认参数设置下进行基因型填充。经过质量控制和基因型填充后,共有7,890,258个SNPs用于分析。根据GRCg6a参考基因组,使用ANNOVAR软件进行SNP注释。基于混合线性模型(MLM),使用GEMMA软件进行全基因组关联分析。使用FST和π两种选择信号方法评估F2群体的遗传分化和遗传多样性。 GWAS与选择信号的整合分析表明,控制鸡骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传因子主要位于第1染色体(168.95Mb-172.43Mb)和第4染色体(74.37Mb-75.23Mb)上,共鉴定出17个可能影响目标性状的位置候选基因( LRCH1、CDADC1、CAB39L、LOC112531568、LOC112531569、FAM124A、FOXO1、NBEA、GPALPP1、RUBCNL、ARL11、KPNA3、LHFP、GBA3、LOC112532426、KCNIP4、SLIT2),其中KPNA3FOXO1是与鸡产肉性状相关的强烈候选基因。本研究的主要创新点是结合GWAS和选择信号分析方法解析鸡骨骼肌产肉性状的遗传结构,发现了一些新的影响鸡产肉性状的基因组区域和候选基因。

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10. JIA-2021-0997 HBP1通过直接增强JAK2的表达来激活STAT3信号通路从而抑制鸡前脂肪细胞分化
CHEN Hong-yan, CHENG Bo-han, MA Yan-yan, ZHANG Qi, LENG Li, WANG Shou-zhi, LI Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1740-1754.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63895-9
摘要320)      PDF    收藏

本研究以东北农业大学肉鸡高、低腹脂双向选择品系1-7周龄鸡只和永生化鸡前脂肪细胞(ICP2细胞)为材料,利用RT-qPCR和Western blot方法分析HBP1在脂肪组织和前脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式;以稳定过表达HBP1的ICP2细胞、敲除HBP1的ICP2细胞以及各自的对照细胞为材料,利用油红O染色、RT-qPCR和Western blot检测过表达/敲除HBP1对鸡前脂肪细胞分化的影响;利用信号通路分析试剂盒筛选HBP1调控鸡前脂肪细胞分化的潜在信号通路;在稳定过表达HBP1的ICP2细胞中添加信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)的化学抑制剂或转染siRNA进行功能拯救实验。结果:基因表达分析结果表明,HBP1的表达与鸡腹部脂肪沉积和前脂肪细胞分化有关。过表达HBP1抑制鸡前脂肪细胞分化(P<0.05),敲除HBP1促进鸡前脂肪细胞分化(P<0.05)。进一步研究发现,HBP1靶向激活Janus激酶2(JAK2)基因的转录来激活STAT3信号通路。功能拯救实验结果表明,STAT3信号介导了HBP1对鸡前脂肪细胞分化的调控作用。以上结果表明,HBP1通过直接上调JAK2的表达来激活STAT3信号通路,从而抑制鸡前脂肪细胞的分化。本研究阐明了HBP1在鸡前脂肪细胞分化中的基本功能,并揭示了其部分分子机制。这些发现为进一步解析鸡脂肪组织生长发育的分子遗传基础提供了新的见解。


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11. Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Yan Jia-hui, Jia Jian-ping, JIANG Li-ling, Peng De-liang, Liu Shi-ming, Hou Sheng-ying, YU Jing-wen, Li Hui-xia, Huang Wen-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1401-1413.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63769-3
摘要149)      PDF    收藏

禾谷孢囊线虫H. avenae是一种重要的植物病原线虫,严重影响禾谷类作物的产量。目前已在我国河南、河北、江苏、青海、西藏等16个省(市)发生危害。本研究通过人工接种试验和田间试验,利用抽穗期根系中的线虫数量指标评价了青海栽培二棱大麦 (QH2R)、青海栽培六棱大麦 (QH6R) 和西藏栽培二棱大麦 (TB2R) 对禾谷孢囊线虫的抗病性,并通过接种试验和显微观察,评价了两个高抗品种中线虫的侵染和发育情况。为更好地评价不同品种对H. avenae的抗感性,首先比较了两种常用的抗性评价方法——繁育系数法 (PPR) 和单株雌虫/孢囊数量法 (NFP) 的准确性。对田间自然条件下186个品种受害情况的调查结果表明,利用NFP法鉴定出的感病品种数量显著高于PPR法鉴定的感病品种数量,表明NFP法更利于鉴定大麦品种的抗病性。通过2015年至2017年的田间试验及2018年的人工接种试验,发现QH2R系列品种中形成的雌虫/孢囊数量最少,显著低于QH6R和TB2R系列品种。综合接种试验与田间试验的结果,从QH2R系列品种中鉴定出8个高抗品种 (Sunong7617, Sunong7635, Dongyuan87-14, Rudong14-46, Rudong87-57, Rudong87-8-45, Rudong88-14-2, Rudong88-67-1),平均单株孢囊数量低于4.2个。对线虫发育进程的显微观察表明,高抗品种 (Sunong7635和Dongyuan87-14) 中H. avenae幼虫的侵入数量显著低于感病品种中幼虫的侵入数量,并且幼虫发育成雌虫的数量也显著减少。本研究中鉴定的高抗品种对于育种工作者培育禾谷孢囊线虫抗性品种、更加经济有效地控制禾谷孢囊线虫的危害等具有重要意义


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12. African swine fever and meat prices fluctuation: An empirical study in China based on TVP-VAR model
LI Hui-shang, HU Chen-pei, LÜ Zheng, LI Mei-qi, GUO Xin-zhu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2289-2301.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63307-X
摘要267)      PDF    收藏

自2018年8月非洲猪瘟在中国爆发以来,在信息快速传播的时代受到全社会的广泛关注。非洲猪瘟的发生发展导致猪肉等主要肉类市场供需失衡,肉类价格大幅剧烈波动。为了分析非洲猪瘟对猪肉等肉类价格的影响,本文采用网络爬虫方法构建了基于互联网非洲猪瘟关注度指数作为非洲猪瘟疫情的代理变量,运用时变参数向量自回归模型 (TVP-VAR) 分析了非洲猪瘟与肉类价格的动态关系。研究发现,非洲猪瘟对猪肉、鸡肉、牛羊肉价格的影响程度、方向和时滞上存在差异,且影响效应有显著的时变特征;同时,非洲猪瘟对肉类价格的影响程度与非洲猪瘟的发展趋势和程度并不一致,脉冲强度与非洲猪瘟的强度和持续时间强相关且脉冲强度在早期普遍较弱,中后期显著增强。未来应加强对非猪瘟的宏观调控,强化市场监测预警,规范生产流通和舆论监测引导,以期而稳定肉类市场预期,促进畜禽市场平稳运行


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13. Heredity and gene mapping of a novel white stripe leaf mutant in wheat
LI Hui-juan, JIAO Zhi-xin, NI Yong-jing, JIANG Yu-mei, LI Jun-chang, PAN Chao, ZHANG Jing, SUN Yu-long, AN Jun-hang, LIU Hong-jie, LI Qiao-yun, NIU Ji-shan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1743-1752.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63345-7
摘要133)      PDF    收藏

斑点叶(spl)突变体属于一种植物类病斑突变体。我们通过甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变小麦栽培品种国麦301,获得了一些类病斑突变体,其中一种因其叶片上有白色条纹而被命名为白色条纹叶(wsl)突变体。本文报告这个新的小麦突变体wsl的遗传和基因定位。在整个生育期,突变体wsl的叶片上均有白色条纹出现。随着植株的生长,白色条纹加重,坏死斑面积增大。突变体wsl在拔节前长势较弱,拔节过后长势逐渐恢复。突变体wsl旗叶的长和宽、单株有效穗数和千粒重均显著低于其野生型亲本国麦301。遗传分析表明,wsl的白色条纹性状受1对隐性核基因控制,命名为wsl。利用两个F2群体(wsl×中国春和wsl×济麦22),通过SSR分子标记连锁分析,将wsl基因定位在小麦6BS染色体臂上。在wsl×中国春杂交分离群体中,筛选到4个与wsl基因连锁的标记,Xgpw1079-Xwmc104-Xgwm508-wsl-Xgpw7651,遗传距离分别为7.1, 5.2, 8.7和4.4 cM。在wsl×济麦22杂交分离群体中,筛选到3个与wsl基因连锁的标记,Xgwm508-Xwmc494-Xgwm518-wsl,遗传距离分别为3.5, 1.6和8.2 cM。参考中国春基因组序列,wsl位于6BS染色体88 Mb (Xgwm518)~ 179 Mb (Xgpw7651)之间的91 Mb物理区间内。突变体wsl是研究小麦叶片发育分子机制的重要新种质


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14. Two-way predation between immature stages of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae and the invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith)
LI Hui, JIANG Shan-shan, ZHANG Hao-wen, GENG Ting, Kris A. G. WYCKHUYS, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 829-839.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63291-9
摘要117)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾于2018年入侵亚洲后,迅速扩散,成为影响玉米生产安全的重大害虫。农药的使用减缓了草地贪夜蛾的为害,但由于长期使用的局限性,可替代或辅助农药的生物防治技术目前依然是国内外关注的焦点。大灰食蚜蝇(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)是玉米等多种作物田内的优势天敌昆虫,可取食草地贪夜蛾幼虫。本研究在室内模拟田间环境,研究了大灰食蚜蝇Eupeodes corollae幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和不同龄期幼虫的捕食能力。结果表明,2龄、3龄大灰食蚜蝇幼虫对1龄和2龄草地贪夜蛾的幼虫具有捕食作用,理论日最大捕食量分别为43.48头和83.33头。当草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育至3龄后,显现出对低龄大灰食蚜蝇幼虫的捕食行为,5龄和6龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫对1龄、2龄、3龄大灰食蚜蝇的理论日最大捕食量分别为16.39-19.23头、6.02-19.61头和6.76-8.26头,捕食作用符合功能反应Ⅲ。表明草地贪夜蛾幼虫与大灰食蚜蝇存在捕食互作关系,其入侵后将影响大灰食蚜蝇等天敌昆虫的种群动态。综上,本试验为鳞翅目害虫与天敌昆虫的互作关系研究提供了新的思路,对综合评价草地贪夜蛾与天敌昆虫的物种关系和发展生物防治技术具有重要意义。


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15. Modification of total and phosphorus mineralizing bacterial communities associated with Zea mays L. through plant development and fertilization regimes
XIN Yuan-yuan, Anisur RAHMAN, LI Hui-xiu, XU Ting, DING Guo-chun, LI Ji
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 3026-3038.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63413-X
摘要121)      PDF    收藏

根际微生物群及其中的解磷细菌在维持集约化农业系统的可持续性和生产力方面具有重要潜力。施肥制度能够影响土壤微生物群落,然而目前仍不清楚土壤中哪些群落的变化会影响有益菌群在根际的富集。本研究基于曲周实验站的一个长期定位实验,该实验始于1993年,含有堆肥、生物堆肥、化肥或不施肥的四个不同处理。利用选择性培养法、16S rRNA基因的Illumina测序,比较了不同处理下玉米根际总细菌和解磷细菌的多样性和群落结构的动态。研究结果显示:玉米的发育期是影响根际细菌和解磷细菌种群结构的主要因子,分别能够解释29%和13%的变异,作用高于不同的施肥。施用堆肥或生物堆肥的土壤中副球菌属的相对丰度显著高于施用化肥或不施肥处理。在根际富集的属中,海洋芽胞杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、无色杆菌属、剑菌属、 副球菌属、Ramlibacter和藤黄单胞菌属的相对丰度与其在土壤中的相对丰度呈正相关。解磷细菌中剑菌属、芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属的相对丰度也表现出上述规律。综上所述,尽管玉米发育期是影响根际微生物群的主要因素,但施肥制度或也能够影响根际有益微生物群,如芽孢杆菌属和剑菌属。


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16. Integration of association and computational methods reveals functional variants of LEPR gene for abdominal fat content in chickens
LI Yu-dong, WANG Wei-jia, LI Zi-wei, WANG Ning, XIAO Fan, GAO Hai-he, GUO Huai-shun, LI Hui, WANG Shou-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2734-2748.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63575-4
摘要149)      PDF    收藏

瘦素受体(LEPR)是瘦素的高亲和力受体,在人类和动物肥胖中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是以东北农业大学肉鸡双向选择品系(NEAUHLF)为研究材料,通过关联分析和电子计算分析相结合的方法,研究LEPR外显子功能变异对鸡脂肪沉积的影响。使用5种在线生物信息学工具预测编码区单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的功能。进一步,通过基于氨基酸残基的保守性和稳定性分析、蛋白质配体结合位点的预测、蛋白质二级结构分析、蛋白质三级结构的建模等生物信息学分析,确定了高置信度SNPs的可能结构与功能。同时,对鸡LEPR基因外显子20个非同义单核苷酸多态性(nsSNPs)与腹脂性状进行了关联分析。5种在线生物信息学工具显示,rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)是最可能影响鸡腹部脂肪性状的功能性nsSNPs。氨基酸残基稳定性和保守型分析显示,大部分nsSNPs可引起蛋白质稳定性下降,rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)在进化过程中相对保守。蛋白质结构分析显示rs731962924(N867I)和rs13684622(C1002R)均在可引起LEPR蛋白质结构和功能的显著变化。关联分析显示rs13684622(C1002R)与鸡腹脂重和腹脂率显著相关(P=0.0413,P=0.0260)。因此,我们认为rs13684622(C1002R)可能是一个影响鸡腹脂沉积的重要功能性SNP,有望应用于分子标记辅助选择(MAS)中培育低脂肉鸡品系。本研究的主要创新点是结合了多种生物信息学方法和nsSNPs与腹脂性状之间的关联分析进行LEPR基因功能性SNPs的筛选,为后续进行深入的功能分析提供优先研究SNP(priorization SNP)。此外,本研究用到的关联分析与计算机电子计算分析相结合的方法为鉴定农业动物重要经济性状的功能性分子标记提供了一条新的途径。


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17. Evaluation of drought tolerance in ZmVPP1-overexpressing transgenic inbred maize lines and their hybrids
JIA Teng-jiao, LI Jing-jing, WANG Li-feng, CAO Yan-yong, MA Juan, WANG Hao, ZHANG Deng-feng, LI Hui-yong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2177-2187.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62828-5
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
The vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase gene (VPP) is often used to enhance plant drought tolerance via genetic engineering.  In this study, the drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines overexpressing ZmVPP1 (PH4CV-T, PH6WC-T, Chang7-2-T, and Zheng58-T) and their transgenic hybrids was evaluated at various stages.  Under normal and drought conditions, the height and fresh weight were greater for the four transgenic inbred maize lines than for the wild-type (WT) controls at the germination and seedling stages.  Additionally, the transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic efficiency at the seedling stage.  In irrigated and non-irrigated fields, the four transgenic lines grew normally, but with increased ear weight and yield compared with the WT plants.  Moreover, the ear weight and yield of the transgenic hybrids resulting from the PH4CV-T×PH6WC-W and Chang7-2-T×Zheng58-W crosses increased in the non-irrigated field.  Our results demonstrated that the growth and drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines with improved photosynthesis were enhanced by the overexpression of ZmVPP1.  Moreover, the Chang7-2 and PH4CV transgenic lines may be useful for future genetic improvements of maize hybrids to increase drought tolerance.
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18. Heat stability of winter wheat depends on cultivars, timing and protective methods
LI Qiang, CHANG Xu-hong, MENG Xiang-hai, LI Ding, ZHAO Ming-hui, SUN Shu-luan, LI Hui-min, QIAO Wen-chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 1984-1997.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62760-7
摘要146)      PDF    收藏
Heat stress negatively affects wheat production in many regions of the world.  At present, sensitivity to heat stress remains one of the least understood aspects of wheat genetics and breeding, and measures for preventing heat stress are understudied. In this study, we used three cultivars of winter wheat (GY2018, SL02-1 and SY20) to evaluate the effect of heat stress at different days after anthesis (DAA) on yield and quality.  Heat stability of the cultivars were analyzed and evaluated for the effects of two kinds of regulators on wheat under heat stress conditions.  Heat treatment at 7 DAA led to the most substantial reduction in yield while GY2018 had the best heat stability with respect to yield, and demonstrated the most positive effects on several quality traits including protein content, sedimentation volume and glutenin and gliadin contents.  Heat treatment at 14 DAA had the least reduction in yield, while SY20 had the best heat stability with respect to yield and heat treatment had minimal effects on quality.  Heat treatment at 21 DAA had only a limited effect on yield, while SL02-1 had the best heat stability with respect to yield, but it showed the most negative effects on quality.  Stable time at 14 DAA and protein content at 21 DAA can be used as indicators for detecting the stability of quality under heat stress.  Among the three studied cultivars, SY20 was the most sensitive to heat stress with the stable time decreasing from 26.4 to 9.1 min, a higher sedimentation volume at 7 DAA, and a lower γ-gliadin content which increased 2.4-fold under high-temperature treatment.  The addition of various regulators had different effects: potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) was more protective of yield with heat stress at 7 DAA, while Duntianbao (DTB) had better effects on quality with heat stress at 21 DAA.
 
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19. Optimizing agronomic practices for closing rapeseed yield gaps under intensive cropping systems in China
ZHANG Zhi, CONG Ri-huan, REN Tao, LI Hui, ZHU Yun, LU Jian-wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1241-1249.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62748-6
摘要125)      PDF    收藏
A yield gap analysis for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is critical to meeting the oil demand by identifying yield potential and yield constraints. In this study, potential yield (Yp), attainable yield (Yatt), and actual yield (Yact) for winter rapeseed were determined in five different zones of China.  A boundary line approach was adopted to calculate Yp, based on a large-scale field experimental database.  A meta-analysis was conducted on the data obtained from 118 published studies to evaluate the effects of agronomic factors on rapeseed yield.  The main results indicated that farmers only achieved 37–56% of the yield potential across the zones.  The low altitude areas (L-URY) and lower reaches (LRY) of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China had high yield levels.  The total yield gap was 1 893 kg ha–1, due to the agronomic management factors, environmental factors, and socioeconomic factors.  The meta-analysis showed that weed control and drainage were the best management practices to improve yields (45.6 and 35.3%, respectively), and other practices improved yields by 17.1–21.6%.  Consequently, to narrow the yield gap over the short term, the study could focus on techniques that are easily implemented to farmers.
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20. Translocation and recovery of 15N-labeled N derived from the foliar uptake of 15NH3 by the greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
HUANG Hui-ying, LI Huan, XIANG Dan, LIU Qing, LI Fei, LIANG Bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 859-865.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62670-5
摘要107)      PDF    收藏
In order to completely evaluate ammonia emission from greenhouse vegetable fields, crop canopy absorption should not be neglected.  The foliar uptake of NH3 applied at two growth stages and the subsequent 15N-labeled N translocation to other plant components were investigated under greenhouse conditions using chambers covered with the soil of a tomato field.  Treatments comprised three NH3-N application rates (70, 140, and 210 mg/plot) using 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate.  Plants were harvested immediately after exposure for 24 h, and the total N concentrations and 15N/14N ratios were determined.  With increased NH3 concentration, total 15NH3-N absorption increased considerably, whereas the applied 15NH3-N uptake decreased gradually.  The tomato plants absorbed 33–38% and 24–31% of the 15NH3-N generated at the anthesis and fruit growth stages, respectively.  A total of 71–80% of the recovered NH3 was observed in the leaves and 20–30% of the recovered NH3 was remobilized to other components.  Among them, an average of 10% of the absorbed 15NH3-N was transferred into the tomato fruits.  All these results indicated the potential of the tested tomatoes for the foliar uptake of atmospheric 15NH3 and the distribution of 15N-labeled vegetative N among different plant components.  The results are of great importance for the complete evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency in the greenhouse tomato fields.
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21.
Genetic progress in stem lodging resistance of the dominant wheat cultivars adapted to Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China since 1964
ZHANG Hong-jun, LI Teng, LIU Hong-wei, MAI Chun-yan, YU Guang-jun, LI Hui-li, YU Li-qiang, MENG Ling-zhi, JIAN Da-wei, YANG Li, LI Hong-jie, ZHOU Yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 438-448.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62627-4
摘要144)      收藏
Analysis of genetic progress for lodging-related traits provides important information for further improvement of lodging resistance.  Forty winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone (YHWZ) of China during the period of 1964–2015 were evaluated for several lodging-related traits in three cropping seasons.  Plant height, height at center of gravity, length of the basal second internode, and lodging index decreased significantly in this period, and the average annual genetic gains for these traits were –0.50 cm or –0.62%, –0.27 cm or –0.60%, –0.06 cm or –0.63%, and –0.01 or –0.94%, respectively.  Different from other traits, stem strength showed a significant increasing trend with the breeding period, and the annual genetic gains were 0.03 N or 0.05%.  Correlation analysis showed that lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal second internode, but negatively correlated with stem strength.  Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal first and second internodes.  By comparison with the wild types, dwarfing genes had significant effects on all lodging-related traits studied except for length of the basal first internode and stem strength.  Principle component analysis demonstrated that plant height and stem strength were the most important factors influencing lodging resistance.  Clustering analysis based on the first two principle components further indicated the targets of wheat lodging-resistant breeding have changed from reducing plant height to strengthening stem strength over the breeding periods.  This study indicates that the increase of stem strength is vital to improve lodging resistance in this region under the high-yielding condition when plant height is in an optimal range.
 
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22. A major pathway for carbon and nitrogen losses- Gas emissions during storage of solid pig manure in China
SHAN Nan, LI Hu, LI Jian-zheng, Ee Ling Ng, MA Yan, WANG Li-gang, CHEN Qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 190-200.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61902-6
摘要341)      PDF(pc) (1246KB)(334)    收藏
 
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23. High potassium to magnesium ratio affected the growth and magnesium uptake of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars
LI Hui-xia, CHEN Zhu-jun, ZHOU Ting, LIU Yan, ZHOU Jian-bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2813-2821.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61949-5
摘要362)      PDF    收藏
Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) levels and their balances are two factors affecting the growth of plant.  However, the responses of different crop cultivars to K/Mg ratios are less clear.  This study was aimed at assessing the different responses of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivars to the different K/Mg supply ratios.  Three tomato cultivars (Zhongza 9 (ZZ), Gailiangmaofen (MF), and Jinpengchaoguan (JP)) were grown in pots with three different K+/Mg2+ ratios (4:0, 4:1 and 8:1, represented by K/Mg4:0, K/Mg4:1, and K/Mg8:1, respectively).  Compared with K/Mg4:1 treatment, the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and total biomass of tomato seedlings under K/Mg4:0 treatments were decreased by 69.7, 89.1, and 53.1%, respectively.  The Mg deficiency symptoms were observed when the Mg content in shoot became lower than 4 mg g–1 DW.  Compared with K/Mg4:1 treatment, total biomass of tomato seedlings of K/Mg8:1 treatment was decreased by 21.6%; the shoot and root Mg contents were decreased by 10.4 and 21.8%, respectively; and Mg uptake of tomato was reduced by 34.1%.  There were significant differences in biomass and Mg uptake for the three cultivars between the different K+/Mg2+ treatments.  The Mg uptake of the three different cultivars ranked as ZZ>JP>MF under Mg deficiency and high K condition.  In conclusion, the growth and Mg uptake and allocation of tomato were influenced significantly by imbalance K and Mg supply. JP and ZZ were the cultivars with the highest efficiency in Mg uptake. 
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24. Beneficial effects of silicon on photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under water stress
ZHANG Yi, SHI Yu, GONG Hai-jun, ZHAO Hai-liang, LI Huan-li, HU Yan-hong, WANG Yi-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2151-2159.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62038-6
摘要694)      PDF(pc) (930KB)(1005)    收藏
Silicon can improve drought tolerance of plants, but the mechanism still remains unclear.  Previous studies have mainly concentrated on silicon-accumulating plants, whereas less work has been conducted in silicon-excluding plants, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).  In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous silicon (2.5 mmol L–1) on the chlorophyll fluorescence and expression of photosynthesis-related genes in tomato seedlings (Zhongza 9) under water stress induced by 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000).  The results showed that under water stress, the growth of shoot and root was inhibited, and the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were decreased, while silicon addition improved the plant growth and increased the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid.  Under water sterss, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), effective quantum efficiency, actual photochemical quantum efficiency (ФPSII), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were decreased; while these changes were reversed in the presence of added silicon.  The expressions of some photosynthesis-related genes including PetE, PetF, PsbP, PsbQ, PsbW, and Psb28 were down-regulated under water stress, and exogenous Si could partially up-regulate their expressions.  These results suggest that silicon plays a role in the alleviation of water stress by modulating some photosynthesis-related genes and regulating the photochemical process, and thus promoting photosynthesis.
 
 
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25. Molecular mechanisms controlling seed set in cereal crop species under stress and non-stress conditions
LI Hui-yong, Thomas Lübberstedt
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (05): 965-974.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61719-2
摘要576)      PDF(pc) (826KB)(386)    收藏
Maximizing seed yield is the ultimate breeding goal in important cereal crop species.  Seed set is a key developmental stage in the process of seed formation, which determines grain number, seed mass, and realized yield potential, and can be severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses.  However, seed set can also be substantially reduced by genetic factors even under optimal fertilization conditions.  The underlying molecular genetic mechanisms are still obscure.  In this review, we elucidate the process of seed set of cereal crop species in detail, including development of floral structures, formation of viable gametes, double fertilization, seed development, and abortion.  We discuss how genetic and non-genetic factors affect seed set in different development stages.  Finally, we will propose novel strategies to study genetic mechanisms controlling seed set and exploit genetic resources to improve seed set in cereal crop species.
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26. Response of yield increase for dryland winter wheat to tillage practice during summer fallow and sowing method in the Loess Plateau of China
LI Hui, XUE Jian-fu, GAO Zhi-qiang, XUE Nai-wen, YANG Zhen-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 817-825.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61806-9
摘要614)      PDF    收藏
Soil moisture is the most critical limiting factor impacting yields of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and it is strongly affected by tillage practice and sowing methods.  This study was to assess the link between sowing method and tillage practice during summer fallow and their subsequent effect on soil moisture and grain yield.  Furthermore, we sought to identify a more appropriate farming management practice for winter wheat production in Loess Plateau region of China.  The experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2013, using a two-factor split plot design, including subsoiling (SS) or no tillage (NT) during summer fallow for main plots, and conventional drill sowing (DS) or plastic film drill sowing (FM) for sub-plots.  Results showed that the maximum soil water storage (SWS) was under SS×FM treatment with values of 649.1 mm (2011–2012) and 499.4 mm (2012–2013).  The SWS during the 2011–2012 growing season were 149.7 mm higher than that in the 2012–2013 growing season.  And adoption of SS×FM significantly increased precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) compared to other treatments for both seasons.  Moreover, adoption of SS×FM significantly increased yield by 13.1, 14.4, 47.3% and 25.9, 39.1, 35.7% than other three treatments during the two growing seasons, respectively.  In summary, combining subsoiling during summer fallow with plastic film drill sowing (SS×FM) increased SWS at sowing and effectively improved WUE, thus representing a feasible technology to improve grain yield of dryland winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China.
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27. Evaluation of a new method for quantification of heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars
LI Qiang, WANG Zheng-rui, LI Ding, WEI Jian-wei, QIAO Wen-chen, MENG Xiang-hai, SUN Shu-luan, LI Hui-min, ZHAO Ming-hui, CHEN Xiu-min, ZHAO Feng-wu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 786-795.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61716-7
摘要643)      PDF    收藏
Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world.  At present, heat tolerance research remains one of the least understood fields in wheat genetics and breeding and there is a lack of effective methods to quantify heat stress and heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars.  The objective of this study was to use various wheat cultivars to evaluate stress intensity (δ) and a new method for quantification of heat tolerance and compare this technique with three other currently utilized methods.  This new parameter for heat tolerance quantification is referred to as the heat tolerance index (HTI) and is an indicator of both yield potential and yield stability.  Heat treatments were applied in a controlled setting when anthesis had been reached for 80% of the wheat.  The stress intensity evaluation indicated heat shock was the main factor associated with kernel weight reduction while grain yield reduction was mainly associated with chronic high temperature.  The methods evaluation showed that a temperature difference of 5°C from natural temperatures was a suitable heat treatment to compare to the untreated controls.  HTI was positively correlated with yield under heat stress (r=0.8657, δ2010=0.15, in 2009–2010; r=0.8418, δ2011=0.20, in 2010–2011; P<0.01), and negatively correlated with yield reduction rate (r=–0.8344, in 2009–2010; r=–0.7158, in 2010–2011; P<0.01).  The results of this study validated the use of HTI and temperature difference control for quantifying wheat heat tolerance that included the yield potential and the stability of different wheat cultivars under heat stress.  Additionally, 10 wheat cultivars showed high HTI and should be further tested for their heat confirming characteristics for use in wheat heat tolerance breeding.
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28. Genetic characteristics of a wheat founder parent and a widely planted cultivar derived from the same cross
CHANG Li-fang, LI Hui-hui, WU Xiao-yang, LU Yu-qing, ZHANG Jin-peng, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LIU Wei-hua, LI Li-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 775-785.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61710-6
摘要771)      PDF    收藏
Founder parents have contributed significantly to the improvement of wheat breeding and production.  In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of founder parents and widely planted cultivars, Mazhamai (M), Biyumai (B) and six sibling lines (BM1–6) derived from the cross M×B were phenotyped for eight yield-related traits over multiple years and locations and genotyped using the the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay.  BM4 has been used as a founder parent, and BM1 has been widely planted, whereas BM2, 3, 5, and 6 have not been used extensively for breeding or planting in China.  Phenotypic comparisons revealed that BM4 and BM1 displayed a better overall performance than the other sibling lines.  BM1 showed higher thousand-grain weight than BM4, whereas BM4 exhibited lower coefficient of variation for most of the yield-related traits across different years and locations, indicating that BM4 was widely adaptable and more stable in different environments.  SNP analysis revealed that BM4 and BM1 inherited similar proportions of the M genome but are dissimilar to BM2, 3, 5, and 6.  Both BM1 and BM4 have specific alleles that differ from the other BM lines, and most of these alleles are concentrated in specific chromosomal regions that are found to associate with favorable QTLs, these SNPs and their surrounding regions may carry the genetic determinants important for the superior performance of the two lines.  But BM4 has more genetic diversity than BM1 with more specific alleles and pleiotropic regions, indicating that the genome of BM4 may be more complex than the other sibling lines and has more favorable gene resources.  Our results provide valuable information that can be used to select elite parents for wheat and self-pollinating crop breeding.
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29. SSR fingerprinting of 203 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) varieties
MENG Yu-sha, ZHAO Ning, LI Hui, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, LIU Qing-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (01): 86-93.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61687-3
摘要646)      PDF    收藏
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been shown to be a powerful tool for varieties identification in plants.  However, SSR fingerprinting of sweetpotato varieties has been a little reported.  In this study, a total of 1 294 SSR primer pairs, including 1 215 genomic-SSR and 79 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR primer pairs, were screened with sweetpotato varieties Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8 and their 2 F1 individuals randomly sampled, and 273 and 38 of them generated polymorphic bands, respectively.  Four genomic-SSR and 3 EST-SSR primer pairs, which showed good polymorphism, were selected to amplify 203 sweetpotato varieties and gave a total of 172 bands, 85 (49.42%) of which were polymorphic.  All of the 203 sweetpotato varieties showed unique fingerprint patterns, indicating the utility of SSR markers in variety identification of this crop.  Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.5824 to 0.9322 with an average of 0.8176.  SSR-based genetic distances varied from 0.0118 to 0.6353 with an average of 0.3100 among these varieties.  Thus, these sweetpotato varieties exhibited high levels of genetic similarity and had distinct fingerprint profiles.  The SSR fingerprints of the 203 sweetpotato varieties have been successfully constructed.  The highly polymorphic SSR primer pairs developed in this study have the potential to be used as core primer pairs for variety identification, genetic diversity assessment and linkage map construction in sweetpotato and other plants.
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30. Chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) when SOC reaches a threshold in the Northeast China Plain
LI Hui, FENG Wen-ting, HE Xin-hua, ZHU Ping, GAO Hong-jun, SUN Nan, XU Ming-gang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (04): 937-946.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61559-9
摘要871)      PDF    收藏
The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is considered a good method to sustain high crop yield and enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), but it is still unclear when and to what extent chemical fertilizers could be replaced by organic fertilizers.  We selected a long-term soil fertility experiment in Gongzhuling, Northeast China Plain to examine the temporal dynamics of crop yield and SOC in response to chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers and manure, applied both individually and in combination, over the course of three decades (1980–2010).  We aimed to test 1) which fertilizer application is the best for increasing both maize yield and SOC in this region, and 2) whether chemical fertilizers can be replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and enhance SOC, and if so, when this replacement should be implemented.  We observed that NPK fertilizers induced a considerable increase in maize yield in the first 12 years after the initiation of the experiment, but manure addition did not.  In the following years, the addition of both NPK fertilizers and manure led to an increase in maize yield.  SOC increased considerably in treatments with manure but remained the same or even declined with NPK treatments.  The increase in maize yield induced by NPK fertilizers alone declined greatly with increasing SOC, whereas the combination of NPK and manure resulted in high maize yield and a remarkable improvement in SOC stock.  Based on these results we suggested that NPK fertilizers could be at least partially replaced by manure to sustain high maize yield after SOC stock has reached 41.96 Mg C ha–1 in the Northeast China Plain and highly recommend the combined application of chemical fertilizers and manure (i.e., 60 Mg ha–1).
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