Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2018, Vol. 17 Issue (12): 2813-2821    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61949-5
Agricultural Economics and Management Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
High potassium to magnesium ratio affected the growth and magnesium uptake of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars
LI Hui-xia1, 2, 3, CHEN Zhu-jun1, 2, ZHOU Ting1, 2, LIU Yan1, 2, ZHOU Jian-bin1, 2
1 College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
2 Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
3 Department of Bioengineering, Yinchuan Institute of Energy, Yinchuan 750105, P.R.China
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  
Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) levels and their balances are two factors affecting the growth of plant.  However, the responses of different crop cultivars to K/Mg ratios are less clear.  This study was aimed at assessing the different responses of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivars to the different K/Mg supply ratios.  Three tomato cultivars (Zhongza 9 (ZZ), Gailiangmaofen (MF), and Jinpengchaoguan (JP)) were grown in pots with three different K+/Mg2+ ratios (4:0, 4:1 and 8:1, represented by K/Mg4:0, K/Mg4:1, and K/Mg8:1, respectively).  Compared with K/Mg4:1 treatment, the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and total biomass of tomato seedlings under K/Mg4:0 treatments were decreased by 69.7, 89.1, and 53.1%, respectively.  The Mg deficiency symptoms were observed when the Mg content in shoot became lower than 4 mg g–1 DW.  Compared with K/Mg4:1 treatment, total biomass of tomato seedlings of K/Mg8:1 treatment was decreased by 21.6%; the shoot and root Mg contents were decreased by 10.4 and 21.8%, respectively; and Mg uptake of tomato was reduced by 34.1%.  There were significant differences in biomass and Mg uptake for the three cultivars between the different K+/Mg2+ treatments.  The Mg uptake of the three different cultivars ranked as ZZ>JP>MF under Mg deficiency and high K condition.  In conclusion, the growth and Mg uptake and allocation of tomato were influenced significantly by imbalance K and Mg supply. JP and ZZ were the cultivars with the highest efficiency in Mg uptake. 
Keywords:   tomato cultivars        potassium-magnesium        ionic interaction        magnesium uptake  
Received: 12 December 2017   Accepted:
Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671295) and the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Project in Shaanxi Province, China (2014K01-14-03).
Corresponding Authors:  Correspondence CHEN Zhu-jun, E-mail: zjchen@nwsuaf.edu.cn; ZHOU Jian-bin, E-mail:jbzhou@nwsuaf.edu.cn   
About author:  LI Hui-xia, E-mail: lihuixia_76@163.com;

Cite this article: 

LI Hui-xia, CHEN Zhu-jun, ZHOU Ting, LIU Yan, ZHOU Jian-bin. 2018. High potassium to magnesium ratio affected the growth and magnesium uptake of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(12): 2813-2821.

Aitken R L, Dickson T, Hailes K J, Moody P W. 1999. Response of field-grown maize to applied magnesium in acidic soils in north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, 191–198.
Arnon D I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1–15.
Bao S D. 2005. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. 3rd ed. China Agricultural Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Broadley M R, White P J. 2010. Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69, 601–612.
Cakmak I. 2013. Magnesium in crop production, food quality and human health. Plant and Soil, 368, 1–4.
Cakmak I, Kirkby E A. 2008. Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photo oxidative damage. Physiologia Plantarum, 133, 692–704.
Cakmak I, Yazici A M. 2010. Magnesium: A forgotten element in crop production. Better Crops, 94, 23–25.
Chen Z J, Zhao W Y, Zhang X M, Zhou C C, Zhou J B. 2013. Relationship of magnesium deficiency of tomato with salt composition and ion activities in greenhouse soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 50, 388–395. (in Chinese)
Cui Y, Zhao S, Wang X, Zhou B. 2016. A novel Drosophila mitochondrial carrier protein acts as a Mg2+ exporter in fine-tuning mitochondrial Mg2+ homeostasis. Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1863, 30–39.
Ding Y, Chang C, Luo W, Wu Y, Ren X, Wang P, Xu G. 2008. High potassium aggravates the oxidative stress induced by magnesium deficiency in rice leaves. Pedosphere, 18, 316–327.
Ding Y, Luo W, Xu G. 2006. Characterisation of magnesium nutrition and interaction of magnesium and potassium in rice. Annals of Applied Biology, 149, 111–123.
Farhat N, Elkhouni A, Zorrig W, Smaoui A, Abdelly C, Rabhi M. 2016. Effects of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38, 1–10.
Farhat N, Rabhi M, Falleh H, Lengliz K, Smaoui A, Abdelly C, Karray-Bouraoui N. 2013. Interactive effects of excessive potassium and Mg deficiency on safflower. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35, 2737–2745.
Gerendás J, Führs H. 2013. The significance of magnesium for crop quality. Plant and Soil, 368, 101–128.
Gransee A, Führs H. 2012. Magnesium mobility in soils as a challenge for soil and plant analysis, magnesium fertilization and root uptake under adverse growth conditions. Plant and Soil, 368, 5–21.
Guo W, Nazim H, Liang Z, Yang D. 2016. Magnesium deficiency in plants: An urgent problem. The Crop Journal, 4, 83–91.
Hannaway D B, Bush L P, Leggett J E. 1982. Mineral composition of Kenhy tall fescue as affected by nutrient solution concentration of Mg and K. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5, 137–151.
Hao X, Papadopoulos A P. 2004. Effects of calcium and magnesium on plant growth, biomass partitioning, and fruit yield of winter greenhouse tomato. HortScience, 39, 512–515.
Heijden van der G, Legout A, Midwood A J, Craig C A, Pollier B, Ranger J, Dambrine E. 2013. Mg and Ca root uptake and vertical transfer in soils assessed by an in situ ecosystem-scale multi-isotopic (26Mg & 44Ca)  tracing experiment in a beech stand (Breuil-chenue, France). Plant and Soil, 369, 33–45.
Hermans C, Conn S J, Chen J, Xiao Q, Verbruggen N. 2013. An update on magnesium homeostasis mechanisms in plants. Metallomics, 5, 1170–1183.
Hermans C, Johnson G N, Strasser R J, Verbruggen N. 2004. Physiological characterisation of magnesium deficiency in sugar beet: Acclimation to low magnesium differentially affects photosystems I and II. Planta, 220, 344–355.
Hermans C, Verbruggen N. 2005. Physiological characterization of Mg deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, 2153–2161.
Kamiya T, Yamagami M, Hirai M Y, Fujiwara T. 2012. Establishment of an in planta magnesium monitoring system using CAX3 promoter-luciferase in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 355–363.
Karley A J, White P J. 2009. Moving cationic minerals to edible tissues: Potassium, magnesium, calcium. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12, 291–298.
Lavon R, Salomon R, Goldschmidt E E. 1999. Effect of potassium, magnesium, and calcium deficiencies on nitrogen constituents and chloroplast components in Citrus leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124, 158–162.
Li L, Tutone A F, Drummond R S M, Gardner R C, Luan S. 2001. A novel family of magnesium transport genes in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 13, 2761–2775.
Ma H P, Li C Z, Ning Y W. 2015. Effects of calcium and magnesium deficiency on growth and mineral element absorption of different sweet potato cultivars. Soil and Fertilizer in China, 4, 101–107. (in Chinese)
Maathuis F J. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral macronutrients. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12, 250–258.
Marschner H, Cakmak I. 1989. High light intensity enhances chorosis and necrosis in leaves of zinc, potassium and magnesium deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. Plant Physiology, 134, 308–315.
Mengutay M, Ceylan Y, Kutman U B, Cakmak I. 2013. Adequate magnesium nutrition mitigates adverse effects of heat stress on maize and wheat. Plant and Soil, 368, 57–72.
Narwal R P, Kumar V, Singh J P. 1985. Potassium and magnesium relationship in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp.). Plant and Soil, 86, 129–134.
Ohno T, Grunes D L. 1985. Potassium-magnesium interactions affecting nutrient uptake by wheat forage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49, 685–690.
Omar M A, El-Kobbia T. 1966. Some observations on the interrelationships of potassium and magnesium. Soil Science, 101, 437–440.
Shewmaker G E, Johnson D A, Mayland H F. 2008. Mg and K effects on cation uptake and dry matter accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Plant and Soil, 302, 283–295.
Shang J Y. 2007. Magnesium, iron and other six elements on the three grape cultivars of physiological characteristics of the impact. MSc thesis, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou. (in Chinese)
Shaul O. 2002. Magnesium transport and function in plants: The tip of the iceberg. Biometals, 15, 307–321.
Sun X E, Liu Z P, Long X H. 2012. Effects of different levels of magnesium supply on the seedling’s growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of two Helianthus tuberous varieties. Journal of Ecology, 31, 823–829. (in Chinese)
Tanoi K, Kobayashi N I. 2015. Leaf senescence by magnesium deficiency. Plants, 4, 756–772.
Verbruggen N, Hermans C. 2013. Physiological and molecular responses to magnesium nutritional imbalance in plants. Plant and Soil, 368, 87–99.
Viadé A, Fernández-Marcos M L., Hernández-Nistal J, Alvarez E. 2011. Effect of particle size of limestone on Ca, Mg and K contents in soil and in sward plants. Scientia Agricola, 68, 200–208.
Yamazaki K. 1981. Status and problems of nutrient solution cultivation in Japan. Tokyo, 35, 12–15. (in Japanese)
Yan B, Zhou T, Wang H M, Chen Z J, Cao J Y, Liu S M, Zhou J B. 2016. The relationships between magnesium deficiency of tomato and cation balances in solar greenhouse soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 49, 3588–3596. (in Chinese)
Yu J Q. 2011. Progress in protected vegetable production and research during ‘The Eleventh Five-year Plan’ in China. China Vegetables, 11–23. (in Chinese)
No related articles found!
No Suggested Reading articles found!