Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1284-1295.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.07.003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Construction of Near Infrared Spectrometry Model for Flavonoids Content of Peanut with Red and Black Testa

LI XinYu(), HOU MingYu(), CUI ShunLi, LIU YingRu, LI XiuKun, LIU LiFeng()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China for Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071000, Hebei
  • Received:2024-08-07 Accepted:2024-10-21 Online:2025-04-08 Published:2025-04-08
  • Contact: HOU MingYu, LIU LiFeng

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Abstract:

【Objective】Flavonoid content is one of the critical quality indicators for peanut seed. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is an effective method for rapid detection of flavonoid content in peanut. However, the differences of testa color may affect the accuracy of the detection results. Therefore, the construction of NIR prediction models for peanuts with red and black testa can provide a guarantee for efficient and rapid detection of flavonoid content in special peanut kernels. 【Method】In this study, 232 peanut germplasms with different testa colors were selected as materials, including 108 peanut with red testa and 124 peanut with black testa. The total flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride chromogenic method, with rutin serving as the standard (RT: rutin). Using the Swedish Broadcom DA7250 Diode Array Analyzer for spectral acquisition, within a scanning spectral range of 950-1 650 nm. Employing the Unscrambler X10.4 modeling software, various calibration models were established through both single and composite processing, utilizing diverse derivative and scattering spectral preprocessing methods, based on full-band partial least squares (PLS) modeling. By comparing the correlation coefficients and errors among different models, the optimal processing method was selected to establish a prediction model for flavonoid content in both red and black peanut kernels. For model external validation, materials were derived from a recombinant inbred line population derived from the parents of Silihong and Jinonghei 3, with 30 lines with red testa and 30 lines with black testa each undergoing external cross-validation.【Result】The results showed that flavonoid content of peanut with red testa was between 60.33-122.49 mg RT/100 g, with an average of 94.34 mg RT/100 g. The flavonoid content of peanut with black testa was between 64.98-121.55 mg RT/100 g, with an average of 95.59 mg RT/100 g. The best spectral pretreatment method of the peanut with red testa prediction model was “Derivative Savitzky-Golay+ SNV+Detrend”, yielding a correction correlation coefficient (Rc) of 0.9022, a root means square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 1.9101, a prediction correlation coefficient (Rp) of 0.9021, and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.9606 mg RT/100 g. The external validation correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.923, with a prediction model deviation range of -4.86-8.47 mg/100 g. The best spectral pre-treatment method for the peanut with black testa prediction model was “Derivative Savitzky-Golay+SNV+Deresolve”,resulting in an Rc of 0.9521, an RMSECV of 1.6978, the correlation coefficient (Rp) of the peanut with black testa prediction model was 0.915, and RMSEP of 2.292 mg RT/100 g, the correlation coefficient R2 of external verification was 0.907, with a prediction model deviation range of -4.56-2.87 mg/100 g. Cross-validation was carried out with non-corresponding color models, and the correlation coefficient was between 0.0015-0.0975. 【Conclusion】The testa color strongly affected the accuracy of detection, and the near-infrared prediction models constructed in this study are suitable for the detection of flavonoid content in peanuts with red and black testa,which provide an important selection method for breeding characteristic peanuts with high flavonoids.

Key words: peanut with red testa, peanut with black testa, flavonoid content, testa color, near infrared model

Table 1

Chemical determination results of flavonoid content in peanut seeds"

种皮颜色
Testa color		 平均值
Mean (mg RT/100 g)		 标准差
SD		 最大值
Max (mg RT/100 g)		 最小值
Min (mg RT/100 g)		 变异系数
CV (%)
红色Red 94.34 11.13 122.49 60.33 11.80
黑色Black 95.59 9.57 121.55 64.98 10.01

Fig. 1

The NIR spectra of the sample set a: Near infrared spectrum of peanut with red testa; b: Near infrared spectrum of peanut with black testa"

Fig. 2

NIR model for peanut flavonoid content a: Peanut with black testa; b: Peanut with red testa"

Table 2

Different spectral pretreatments of the flavonoid content of peanut"

种皮颜色
Testa color		 预处理方法
Pre-processing method		 校正相关系数
Rc		 交叉验证均方根误差
RMSECV		 预测相关系数
Rp		 预测均方根误差
RMSEP
黑色
Black		 原始数据Original data 0.488 5.960 0.456 6.309
Derivative Savitzky-Golay 0.759 4.056 0.636 4.969
Normalize 0.661 4.899 0.550 5.568
Baseline 0.629 5.049 0.538 5.608
SNV 0.705 4.552 0.630 5.065
Spectroscopic 0.572 5.082 0.528 5.303
Detrend 0.693 4.626 0.679 4.788
Deresolve 0.669 4.581 0.602 5.071
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Baseline 0.909 2.252 0.853 2.868
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Baseline+Detrend 0.910 2.406 0.864 3.015
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+SNV 0.904 2.457 0.846 3.337
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Deresolve 0.901 2.655 0.851 3.301
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+SNV+Deresolve 0.952 1.698 0.915 2.292
红色
Red		 原始数据Original data 0.589 4.216 0.488 4.702
Derivative Savitzky-Golay 0.751 3.300 0.631 4.027
Baseline 0.594 4.797 0.510 5.297
SNV 0.607 5.105 0.530 5.679
Spectroscopic 0.581 5.052 0.510 5.559
Detrend 0.619 4.884 0.532 5.484
Deresolve 0.575 5.135 0.456 6.079
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+SNV 0.873 2.235 0.808 2.830
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Deresolve 0.900 2.009 0.834 2.635
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Detrend 0.890 2.124 0.828 2.614
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Deresolve+SNV 0.904 1.888 0.851 2.372
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+Detrend+Baseline 0.909 1.855 0.841 2.841
Derivative Savitzky-Golay+SNV+Detrend 0.902 1.910 0.902 1.961

Table 3

Comparison of chemical measurement values and NIR model prediction values for peanut with red testa"

序号
No.		 化学
测定值
Chemical measured value		 预测值
Predicted value		 测定值与预测值差异
Difference between measured and predicted values
红色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with red testa flavonoids		 黑色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with black testa flavonoids		 粉色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with pink testa flavonoids		 红色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with red testa flavonoids		 黑色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with black testa flavonoids		 粉色花生籽仁
黄酮含量近红外
检测模型
NIR detection model of peanut with pink testa flavonoids
1 100.74 96.72 87.41 71.49 4.02 13.33 29.25
2 84.22 86.78 87.87 72.10 -2.57 -3.65 12.12
3 100.08 97.89 106.09 72.90 2.18 -6.01 27.18
4 94.53 94.88 99.54 73.76 -0.35 -5.01 20.77
5 95.74 95.04 85.89 66.43 0.70 9.85 29.31
6 100.27 98.43 101.71 67.43 1.83 -1.44 32.84
7 113.03 110.78 120.98 83.73 2.25 -7.95 29.30
8 109.22 100.75 97.99 67.83 8.47 11.23 41.39
9 85.60 90.46 94.87 74.01 -4.86 -9.27 11.59
10 116.74 113.57 101.54 67.86 3.18 15.20 48.89
11 91.98 92.62 94.07 74.48 -0.64 -2.09 17.50
12 88.67 89.12 94.61 81.95 -0.45 -5.94 6.72
13 86.53 88.12 85.95 59.10 -1.59 0.58 27.43
14 93.24 94.46 102.72 81.53 -1.21 -9.47 11.71
15 104.03 100.76 116.03 84.30 3.27 -12.00 19.73
16 120.84 118.80 101.60 76.40 2.04 19.24 44.44
17 101.96 99.77 103.84 83.99 2.19 -1.88 17.97
18 96.24 90.60 93.52 62.27 5.65 2.72 33.97
19 96.93 95.27 90.01 70.93 1.67 6.93 26.01
20 106.60 103.08 93.51 73.04 3.52 13.09 33.56
21 94.17 96.36 87.50 67.48 -2.20 6.67 26.69
22 91.25 94.58 80.39 64.07 -3.34 10.86 27.17
23 100.50 98.38 114.62 78.86 2.13 -14.11 21.64
24 91.55 95.78 129.40 81.78 -4.22 -37.85 9.77
25 124.08 120.05 96.84 70.82 4.02 27.24 53.26
26 102.53 100.78 103.08 66.34 1.75 -0.55 36.19
27 95.50 92.89 95.32 65.63 2.61 0.18 29.87
28 102.65 98.00 97.11 66.28 4.65 5.53 36.37
29 113.36 114.68 93.47 66.82 -1.32 19.89 46.54
30 86.17 89.95 84.89 62.40 -3.78 1.28 23.77

Table 4

Comparison of chemical measurement values and NIR model prediction values for peanut with black testa"

序号
No.		 化学
测定值
Chemical measured value		 预测值
Predicted value		 测定值与预测值差异
Difference between measured and predicted values
红色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with red testa flavonoids 黑色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with black testa flavonoids 粉色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with pink testa flavonoids 红色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with red testa flavonoids 黑色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with black testa flavonoids 粉色花生籽仁黄酮含量近红外检测模型NIR detection model of peanut with pink testa flavonoids
1 99.46 90.86 100.96 69.73 8.60 -1.50 29.73
2 95.36 89.75 98.49 70.84 5.61 -3.12 24.52
3 99.03 94.34 99.59 66.64 4.69 -0.56 32.39
4 77.50 94.26 79.70 62.99 -16.76 -2.19 14.51
5 92.84 90.49 96.11 65.57 2.35 -3.27 27.27
6 89.24 90.45 87.09 70.72 -1.21 2.15 18.52
7 86.31 91.69 87.29 76.02 86.31 -0.97 10.30
8 100.93 93.69 101.97 67.91 7.24 -1.04 33.02
9 85.55 85.86 86.79 61.57 -0.31 -1.23 23.99
10 100.46 94.98 101.10 74.34 5.48 -0.64 26.12
11 93.98 89.00 97.79 69.67 4.98 -3.82 24.31
12 82.65 93.53 83.31 69.66 -10.89 -0.67 12.99
13 91.22 116.75 93.21 85.81 -25.53 -1.99 5.41
14 94.81 89.57 96.50 68.09 5.24 -1.68 26.73
15 95.96 104.26 93.76 72.79 -8.30 2.20 23.16
16 102.03 90.35 100.34 68.13 11.68 1.69 33.90
17 102.08 94.85 99.21 72.56 7.23 2.87 29.52
18 84.74 91.18 89.30 63.85 -6.44 -4.56 20.89
19 90.81 94.40 89.79 65.71 -3.58 1.02 25.11
20 90.03 104.64 97.99 71.88 -14.61 -7.96 18.15
21 88.39 94.55 88.55 71.45 -6.16 -0.16 16.94
22 93.26 93.58 94.09 66.59 -0.32 -0.83 26.67
23 82.84 89.47 81.51 77.70 -6.63 1.33 5.14
24 81.46 98.13 81.06 68.72 -16.67 0.39 12.74
25 87.89 95.14 89.06 66.02 -7.25 -1.18 21.87
26 95.74 89.68 93.14 65.51 6.07 2.60 30.23
27 97.10 105.47 98.04 72.53 -8.37 -0.94 24.58
28 90.06 101.49 93.24 82.16 -11.42 -3.18 7.90
29 92.31 102.18 93.13 76.84 -9.87 -0.81 15.47
30 84.98 95.88 87.78 70.50 -10.90 -2.80 14.48

Fig. 3

External validation of the NIR detection model for flavoid content in peanut seeds a: Peanut with red testa; b: Peanut with black testa. 1: NIR detection model of peanut with red testa flavonoids, 2: NIR detection of peanut with black testa flavonoids, 3: NIR detection model of peanut with pink testa flavonoids"

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