Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (16): 3062-3076.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Comprehensive Assessment of Proso Millet Varieties Tested in the State Multi-Region Trial by GYT Biplot Analysis

MA ZhiXiu(), CHAI ShaoHua, GUO Yan, SHI Xing, YANG QingHua, GAO JinFeng, GAO XiaoLi, FENG BaiLi, YANG Pu()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2023-03-23 Accepted:2023-05-22 Online:2023-08-16 Published:2023-08-18

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Abstract:

【Objective】GYT biplot analysis was employed to analyze agronomic traits, yields and cultivar-trait interactions of test proso millet varieties in different trial sites and comprehensively asses and classify these test varieties in term of their multiple traits, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable arrangements and zonations of proso millet varieties in China.【Method】GGE biplot, GT biplot and GYT biplot along with the analysis of correlation were employed to comprehensively assess 20 varieties tested in the State Multi-region Trial for Proso Millet in 15 trial sites in 2019-2020 in terms of their growth period, plant heights, node numbers, main spike lengths, grain weights per spike, 1000-kernel weights and yields.【Result】It was showed by the analysis of correlation that in both non-waxy and waxy proso millet varieties, the yields were significantly and positively correlated with the growth period and negatively correlated with the main spike lengths, and the plant heights was significantly and positively correlated with the growth period and main spike lengths. In non-waxy proso millet varieties, the yields were also significantly negatively correlated with the node numbers, and the node numbers and 1000-kernel weights were significantly and positively correlated. In waxy proso millet varieties, the yields were significantly and positively correlated with the 1000-kernel weights, and the growth period were significantly and positively correlated with the plant heights and 1000-kernel weights. The analysis of genotype-trait interactive effects by GT biplot showed that the main components of GT biplot PC1 and PC2 explained 61.81% and 69.96% of genotype-trait interactive effects in no-waxy and waxy proso millets, respectively. The correlations between agronomic traits of the tested varieties displayed by GT biplot were basically consistent with Pearson correlation coefficients. The correlations between the yield-trait combinations of the tested varieties were analyzed by GYT biplot, and all the traits of these combinations were significantly and positively correlated. In terms of calculated ideal indexes, Yi 11-02-92-4, Gu 19-63, 0515-2-2, Yi 11-03-3-2-2 and Zhenglongmi 1 were identified as varieties with a good yield-traits combination performance. In terms of comprehensive performances, Chimi 3, Xinong 2018-N02, Xinong 2018-N10, Y1660, Xinong 18-W02 and Xinong 18-W06 poorly performed. It followed that Yi 11-02-92-4 and 0515-2-2 had wider adaptabilities and better yields than the other varieties in different planting areas, showing an absolute regional yield advantage. 【Conclusion】In assessing multiple traits of millet varieties, GYT biplot analysis was more reliable than GGE and GT biplot analysis, so that it was an effective method to scientifically assess merits of proso millet varieties. Among the varieties tested in the state multi-region trial for proso millet, the no-waxy variety with the best comprehensive performance was Yi 11-02-92-4 and suitable to be planted in spring planting areas of proso millet in Northeast China and spring and summer-planting areas of proso millet on the Loess Plateau. The waxy variety of 0515-2-2 with a better comprehensive performance was suitable to be planted in spring-planting areas of proso millet in northern China and spring- and summer-planting areas of proso millet on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: GYT biplot, ideal index, proso millet, multi-region trial, yield-trait combination

Fig. 1

GGE biplot of non-waxy and waxy proso millet yield in 15 environments A and B are the Mean vs. stability view and Which-won-where view of non-waxy proso millet yield GGE biplot, respectively; C and D are the Mean vs. stability view and Which-won-where view of waxy millet yield GGE biplot respectively. HC: Huachi; HN: Huining; SJZ: Shijiazhuang; ZJK: Zhangjiajie; QQHE: Qiqihaer; BC: Baicheng; FX: Fuxin; CF: Chifeng; DLTQ: Dalateqi; TL: Tongliao; ZGEQ: Zhungeerqi; GY: Guyuan; DT: Datong; YA: Yanan; YL: Yulin"

Fig. 2

Genotype by trait (GT) biplot of proso millet area test A: Non-waxy proso millet; B: Waxy proso millet. GP: Growth period; PH: Plant heights; NN: Node numbers; MSL: Main spike lengths; GWE: Grain weights per spike; TGW: 1000-kernel weights; YD: Yields. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Correlation heat map of agronomic traits of non-waxy and waxy proso millet A: Non-waxy proso millet; B: Waxy proso millet. *, ** and *** indicate significant at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively"

Fig. 4

Genotype by yield×trait (GYT) biplot of proso millet regional adaptation test A: Non-waxy proso millet; B: Waxy proso millet"

Table 1

Pearson correlation coefficient of yield and trait combination of non-waxy and waxy proso millet"

产量×性状Yield×trait YD×GP YD×PH YD×NN YD×MSL YD×GWE YD×TGW
产量×生育天数YD×GP 1 0.748** 0.831** 0.800** 0.720** 0.856**
产量×株高YD×PH 0.804** 1 0.819** 0.860** 0.701** 0.880**
产量×主茎节数YD×NN 0.829** 0.923** 1 0.773** 0.765** 0.912**
产量×主穗长YD×MSL 0.874** 0.843** 0.851** 1 0.693** 0.824**
产量×穗粒重YD×GWE 0.728** 0.795** 0.774** 0.717** 1 0.767**
产量×千粒重YD×TGW 0.841** 0.894** 0.852** 0.832** 0.770** 1

Fig. 5

Mean vs. stability view (A, D), Which-won-where view (B, E) and variety ranking view (C, F) of GYT biplot of proso millet A, B, C: Non-waxy proso millet; D, E, F: Waxy proso millet. The small circle in figure A and D represents the "average value of yield-trait combination", and the straight line with a single arrow is the average environment axis (AEA). Along the direction indicated by the arrow, the higher the composite index of the varieties is. From the position of each test variety to the AEA axis as a vertical line, according to the direction of the arrow, the more forward the vertical foot, the better the comprehensive performance of the variety, and the variety can be ranked accordingly [26]. In addition, when the variety and trait combination were located on the same side of the AEA axis, it indicated that the trait combination of the variety had better performance. When the combination of variety and trait was located on the opposite side of the AEA axis, it indicated that the variety had poor performance in this combination of trait. B and E are the "which-won-where" view of the biplot [35]. The varieties farthest from the origin are connected in turn to form irregular polygons to include all varieties. The vertical lines of each edge of the polygon were drawn from the origin of the biplot. These vertical lines divide the yield-trait combination into different sector areas, each sector corresponding to a polygon vertex. Varieties at the apex of each sector region had the largest yield-trait combination of all varieties within that sector region. C and F are the "Rank Genotypes" view of the variety ordering of the GYT biplot. The ideal variety is the variety closest to the circle where the arrow of the mean environmental axis is located, which has the highest yield-trait combination performance"

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