人畜共患病病原——猪螺杆菌及其研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Helicobacter suis (H. suis), a Gram negative bacterium, has a typical spiral-shaped morphology and it is highly motile by means of 4-10 flagella at both ends of the cells. H. suis is a vital zoonotic pathogen, and is identified and only recently isolated successfully in vitro by Belgian scientists. Different from H. pylori which mainly colonizes the human stomach, H. suis colonizes the majority of the porcine stomach, and infection rate in pigs at slaughter age can reach 60%-95%, causing gastritis, gastric disorders and decreased weight gain. More importantly, H. suis also infects a minority of human, leading to diverse gastric disorders, gastric diseases even gastric cancer (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma). Although vigorous innate and adaptive immune response in hosts are induced by H. suis infection, H. suis has evolved series of virulence factors to evade the host immune surveillance to persistently colonize the host stomach, resulting in disruption of gastric homeostasis, induction of chronic inflammation and gastric cancer. Currently scientists are not aware of the transmission route of this bacterium, and pork and related products, saliva and faeces are the most possible carriers for transmission. Pigs, mice and Mongolian gerbils are common animal models to study the pathogenesis of H. suis infection. Although H. suis has substantial effects on porcine health, production performance and welfare as well as human health, there is very limited research on H. suis in China due to the difficulties in bacterial isolation and culture, and research on H. suis in China mainly focus on bacterial detection in clinical samples. H. suis needs microaerobic conditions (85%N₂,10%CO₂ and 5%O₂) for in vitro culture. So far there is very limited information about the pathogenesis of H. suis infection in hosts. Through analyses with H. suis genome and known discoveries, it can be speculated that H. suis may interfere with or evade host defense responses via several mechanisms: high mobility of flagella and acid neutralization, considerable adhesion ability to the gastric epithelial surface, detoxification ability of oxidative stress,induction of cell death and of immune regulation. Combined with the authors’ several years’ research experience in H. suis and available literature, this review summaries and extensively discusses several aspects of H. suis in terms of research history, bacterial features and culture conditions, prevalence status, pathogenesis and current research progress in China and abroad, aiming at enhancing our understanding of H. suis and its pathogenicity as well as providing reference and directions for the future prevention and control of this bacterium.

Key words: Helicobacter suis, zoonotic pathogen, gastric diseases, virulence factors, pathogenesis

GuangZhi ZHANG,MingYan WANG,Yi LUO,ShiHang XU,ShunDong HE,ShangJin CUI. The Zoonotic Bacterium-Helicobacter suis and Its Research Progress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1278-1286.

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