Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 813-821.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.05.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Basal Fertilization in Strips at Different Soil Depths on Flag Leaf Senescence and Photosynthetic Characteristics, Grain Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

YAN HengHui,WEN Ying,WANG Dong()   

  1. Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2018-08-27 Accepted:2019-01-22 Online:2019-03-01 Published:2019-03-12
  • Contact: Dong WANG E-mail:wangd@sdau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate caused by broadcast fertilization or shallow fertilization in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, this paper provided a basis for improving fertilization technology of high yield and high efficiency of winter wheat in irrigated field of this area.【Method】A 2-year irrigated field experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2018 in winter wheat growth season. Five treatments were set up: No fertilization during the whole growth period (T1); Basal fertilizer was applied in stripes in 8 cm depth (T2), 16 cm (T3) and 24 cm (T4); Basal fertilizer was divided into three parts with the proportion of 1﹕2﹕3 and applied in stripes of 8, 16 and 24 cm depths of soil, respectively (T5). The effects of different fertilization methods on flag leaf senescence characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics, fertilizer use rate and grain yield of winter wheat were studied.【Result】With the increase of fertilization depth, the results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble protein content, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (ΦPSⅡ) all increased, stomatal conductance enlarged, net photosynthetic rate were increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced after winter wheat flowering. There was no significant difference in senescence and photosynthetic rate characteristics between T4 treatment and T5 treatment, but the grain yield and agronomy efficiency of fertilizer under T5 treatment were significantly increased by 5.4%-6.5% and 26.8%-72.9%. This was the fact that it maintained a high number of kernels and grain weight under the conditions of higher panicle number. 【Conclusion】 On the basis of obtaining a higher number of panicles, layered and in proportion basal fertilization treatment (T5) could delay senescence of flag leaves and increase the photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaves after flowering in irrigated field, thus increase grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, and beneficial to the high fertilization high-efficient utilization.

Key words: winter wheat, separated-layer fertilization, flag leaf senescence characteristic, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristic, grain yield, fertilizer use efficiency

Fig. 1

The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein in flag leaves after anthesis under different treatments T1 for no basal fertilize; T2 for basal fertilizer layered at 8 cm depths and in stripes; T3 for basal fertilizer layered at 16 cm depths and in stripes; T4 for basal fertilizer layered at 24 cm depths and in stripes; T5 for basal fertilizer was divided into three parts with the proportion of 1﹕2﹕3 and applied in stripes of 8, 16 and 24 cm depths of soil. The same as below"

Fig. 2

The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (ΦPSII) of flag leaves under different treatments of winter wheat An for anthesis stage; GF-E for early grain filling stage; GF-M for middle grain filling stage; GF-L for later grain filling stage. The same as below"

Fig. 3

The stomatal conductance (G s) and photosynthetic rate (P n) of flag leaves under different treatments of winter wheat"

Table 1

Yield and its components of winter wheat under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatments		 穗数
Number of spikes
(×104·hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 肥料农学效率
Agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (kg·kg-1)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg·hm-2)
2016—2017 T1 772.3b 26.2c 45.8a — 7843d
T2 829.1a 26.1c 43.3b 0.75d 8197c
T3 810.3ab 27.5b 43.6b 0.92c 8277c
T4 775.2b 30.2a 45.0a 1.62b 8609b
T5 816.4 ab 31.6a 44.9a 2.80a 9169a
2017—2018 T1 560.2d 28.6c 44.8b — 6171d
T2 661.4a 27.1b 42.0ab 1.96d 7102c
T3 631.3b 29.5b 43.1ab 2.43c 7322c
T4 592.5c 33.1b 44.2ab 3.29b 7730b
T5 625.1b 35.3a 45.1a 4.17a 8149a
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