Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (23): 4558-4574.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.009

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Engineering Design Parameters of Farming Plots Construction and Plot Characteristics in Hilly Area: A Case Study of Chongqing

ZHONG ShouQin, LIU Juan, LIU WeiPing, WEI ChaoFu   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
  • Received:2017-03-26 Online:2017-12-01 Published:2017-12-01

Abstract: 【Objective】In hilly area, the parameters designing of farming plots construction engineering plays a decisive role in the mechanization, large scale production and industrialization of agriculture. To date, with regard to most studies on the plot characteristics and soil properties, the basic engineering design parameters are often ignored. Thus, it is very necessary to find out technical points of the engineering design parameters of farming plots construction, which can promote sustainable development of cultivated land resources in hilly area.【Method】In this paper, we took 28 farming plots constructed between 2010 and 2015 in hilly areas of Chongqing as the research object, and the engineering design parameters and its effects on the plot characteristics were studied based on the investigation. 【Result】(1) Location selection method: The region where the terrain slope is more than 25° should be regarded as the forbidden construction zone. The region where the terrain slope is less than 25° should be regarded as the conditional construction zone, and the region of 15° is the key construction zone. Strip lands and gentle-slope lands were laid in the areas (called Area A), where the terrain slope was less than 6° and the concentrated area of cultivated land more than 3.33 hm2 (50 mu). On the basis of the deduction Area A, the areas (called Area B) with terrain slope less than 15° and concentrated area of cultivated land more than 3.33 hm2 (50 mu) were mainly suitable to lay strip lands, gentle-slope lands, level terraces and sloping terraces. On the basis of the deduction Area A and Area B, the areas (called Area C) with terrain slope less than 25° and concentrated area of cultivated land more than 3.33 hm2 (50 mu) were mainly suitable to lay level terraces and sloping terraces. (2) Engineering design parameters: The length of strip lands, level terraces, sloping terraces and gentle-slope lands should be set to 50-200, 50-200, 30-200 and 50-300 m, respectively. The width should be set to 30-100, 10-30, 5-20 and 50-100 m, respectively. The slope of strip lands and level terraces should be set to 0°. But for sloping terraces and gentle-slope lands, the slope should be set to less than 10° and 6°, respectively. Ramming ridge was widely used in strip lands and gentle-slope lands construction. But if the soil properties can not meet the requirements of construction, rocks and squared stones can also be used for construction. Cemented squared stones and dry-laid rag were used in level terraces and sloping terraces, respectively. But if the squared stones can not be found around the farming plots, and the transport costs would be too much high, cemented rocks and ramming ridge can also be used for construction. (3) Effects on the plot characteristics: The farming plots construction engineering broke the original ridges of fields, and the scattered, small and irregular plots have been merged and re-planned. Finally, the larger, well-structured, relatively concentrated tillage plots can be formed. After the farming plots construction, the mean plot scale increased from 0.23 hm2 to 0.63 hm2, increased about 1.79 times. The shape index of the plot decreased from 18.02 to 10.22, decreased about 7.80. The density of the plot decreased from 7.09 plots/hm2 to 3.35 plots/hm2, decreased about 3.74 plots/hm2. The Moran’s I index of plots’ area increased from 0.1937 to 0.3501, increased about 0.1564.【Conclusion】According to the terrain slope and the smallest construction unit of farming plots, four types of engineering (strip lands, level terraces, sloping terraces and gentle-slope lands) can be considered to be built in the hilly areas. They can significantly improve the fragmentation of cultivated land, and effectively promote the mechanization, large scale production and industrialization of agriculture. In addition, the engineering design should be based on the consideration of topography, soil properties, especially local materials for reducing construction costs in the hilly areas.

Key words: hilly area, farming plots construction, engineering design parameters, plot characteristics

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