Abstract: 【Objective】 Soil water and temperature are key factors for determining crop growth and resource use efficiency, response of soil water and temperature of crops to previous straw usually plays an important role in establishing efficient cropping systems and optimizing tillage measures. 【Method】 A field experiment was carried out in typical oasis irrigation region in order to optimize soil water and temperature of rotated maize under different previous wheat straw treatments and tillage modes, including no tillage with 25 cm height of wheat straw standing (NTSS), no tillage with 25 cm height of wheat straw covering (NTS), tillage with 25 cm height of wheat straw was incorporated in the soil (TIS), and conventional tillage without straw retention (CT). 【Result】 The results showed that NTSS, NTS significantly increased soil water content by 5.0% to 7.8% in 0 to 110 cm soil layer from sowing to seedling stage, 4.4% to 5.4% from jointing to big flare stage, 4.8% to 7.1% from silking to flowering stage, but there was no significant difference between NTSS and NTS, and NTS increased by 4.7% at filling stage, compared with CT. In particular, the treatment on NTS had advantage on maintaining high soil water content at whole growth period of maize. NTSS and NTS decreased evapotranspiration of rotated maize under plastic film mulching before silking stage, but evapotranspiration was increased after silking stages, which effectively coordinated water demand contradiction of maize growth at early and late stage, the effect of NTS was the best. NTSS and NTS optimized soil temperature of rotated maize under plastic film mulching, and the effect of NTS was obvious. NTS had higher soil temperature by 0.76℃ at eight o’clock in 0 to 25 cm soil layers in 2010, but lower by 3.67 to 3.87℃ at fourteen o’clock and 1.19 to 1.30℃ at eighteen o’clock, in 2010 and 2012, which indicate that NTS had effects on preservating soil temperature at low temperature stage at the day and night, and decreasing soil temperature at the high temperature stage. Meanwhile, NTSS and NTS reduced soil accumulated temperature in rotated maize field, and the reduction of NTS was more significant, it reduced by 67.1 to 76.2℃ from sowing to jointing stage, 29.3 to 50.5℃ from jointing to silking stage, and 46.7 to 75.3℃ from silking to late-filling stage, compared with CT. However, according to the value of difference between air and soil temperatures, NTS had the effect of maintaining soil heat in low temperature season and reducing soil temperature in high temperature season, which is an important regulation mechanism on growth and development of maize through reducing the excessive influence resulted from the temperature change. The grain yield of maize was 11.3% to 17.5% higher in the three straw returning treatments than that in CT check, NTS exhibited the most significant effect on high yield, reached 13 470 and 13 274 kg·hm^-2 in two study years, which were higher than TIS by 5.6% to 9.0%. 【Conclusion】 The results show that NTS treatment can be recommended as the best previous wheat straw treatment for optimizing soil moisture and temperature of rotated maize at oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: maize, straw returning, plastic film mulching, soil temperature, soil moisture