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Research on Plant Nutrient Sulfur and Calcium

ZHOU Wei, LI Shu-tian, LIN Bao   

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Online:2007-12-31 Published:2007-12-31

Abstract: Soil sulfur deficiency in China increased dramatically in recent years due to the increase of use of high analysis fertilizers with low sulfur content, decrease of use of S-containing pesticides and more recently anti-pollution measures. Calcium deficiency in acidic and sandy soils is extremely serious, and plant physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables associated with calcium deficiency widely occurred even in calcareous soil in North China. However, less attention has been paid to plant nutrients sulfur and calcium. Through 11 years great endeavor by cooperation of national wide nine research units, comprehensive and systematic research in theory and application on plant nutrient sulfur and calcium had been implemented, and a series of innovation achievements with vital academic significance and application prospect were obtained. (1) Mechanism of soil organic sulfur mineralization, elemental sulfur oxidation, transformations of extraneous sulfur sources and bioavailability of these sulfur sources in soils under flooded conditions have been identified. The fixation-release dynamic in the transformation was discovered between organic and inorganic sulfur pool in soils. It was found that paddy rice roots could promote sulfur oxidation, which provides scientific basis for high efficient application of sulfur fertilizers. (2) It was found that Ca2+ enter and move in actual peanut pods tissue through symplast passway with ptasmodesmate. Calcium fertilizer should be applied directly on the surface of young fruits, and the process of translating Ca2+ from fruit surface into pulp tissue could be accelerated by naphthalene acetic acid. Ca2+-ATPase can drive ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in plasma membrane vesicles of apple fruit. Originally proposed the mechanism of calcium absorption through non-bundle tissue and the concept of fruit surface nutrition, which has originality and provides theoretical rationale and technical approach for highly effective application of calcium fertilizer. (3) Systematically expounded sulfur nutrition characteristics of main crops such as paddy rice, wheat, corn, soybean, rape and vegetables, proposed the critical level of available sulfur in paddy fields and the upland soils, and systematically proposed technology for highly efficient application of sulfur fertilizers in main crops. (4) Systematically expounded calcium nutrition characteristics of peanut, apple, peach, Chinese cabbage, tomato etc., and new soil diagnostic method for calcium deficiency in peanut was established. New effective techniques for calcium amendment in peanut, fruits trees and vegetables were systemically developed. This paper also proposed the future research focus on biological mechanisms in highly effective application of sulfur and calcium.

Key words: Plant nutrient sulfur , Plant nutrient calcium , Sulfur fertilizer , Calcium fertilizer

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