玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下不同株高玉米品种搭配对群体冠层光分布及玉米光合特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of different plant height combinations of maize varieties on the light distribution and light resource utilization of the population canopy under the soybean and maize strip intercropping pattern. 【Method】 From 2023 to 2024, four maize varieties with different plant heights were used as experimental materials, including the short-stemmed varieties of MY73 and Denghai 605 (DH605), and the tall varieties of Jingke 968 (JK968) and Xianyu 1466 (XY1466), as well as the soybean variety Qihuang 34. The row configuration of maize and soybean was both 4:4. Different intercropping patterns were set, including intercropping of the same maize variety in all four rows as the control (S-MY, S-DH, S-JK, and S-XY), with 6.75×10⁴ plants/hm² for each of the four rows and intercropping of tall and short varieties (middle row tall variety JK968, edge row short variety MY73: MY-JK-1, MY-JK-2; middle row tall variety XY1466, edge row short variety DH605: DH-XY-1, DH-XY-2), and two types of planting densities were set, with 6.75×10⁴plants/hm² for each of the four rows (MY-JK-1, DH-XY-1), 6.75×10⁴plants/hm² for the middle rows, and 8.25×10⁴plants/hm² for the edge rows (MY-JK-2, DH-XY-2). The plant spacing of soybean in each treatment was the same. The focus was on analyzing the effects of different intercropping patterns on the canopy structure of the population, light distribution, photosynthetic characteristics of maize and crop yield. 【Result】 The combined planting of maize varieties with different plant height optimized the canopy structure, significantly improved the light transmittance of the spike layer in the maize population, increased the leaf area index and photosynthetic characteristics, and ultimately promoted the increase in total system yield. During the silk production stage, the light transmittance of the spike layer in MY-JK-1 and MY-JK-2 increased by 18.55%-88.22% compared with S-MY and S-JK, and that in DH-XY-1 and DH-XY-2 increased by 39.26%-55.77% compared with S-DH and S-XY. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of the four varieties (except MY73) in the tall and short plant combination pattern was all increased. Among them, the P_n of DH605 in the DH-XY-2 pattern is 6.88% higher than that of S-DH, and the P_n of XY1466 in the DH-XY-2 pattern is 10.31% higher than that of S-XY. At the same time, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and potential activity (F_v/F_o) of the spike leaf also increased. The yield of maize under the MY-JK-2 pattern increased by an average of 19.44%, 9.58% and 1.66% over two years compared with the S-MY, S-JK and MY-JK-1 patterns, respectively. The average increase of DH-XY-2 over two years was 30.20%, 14.94% and 9.21% compared with the S-DH, S-XY and DH-XY-1 patterns, respectively. The maize yield (12 536.58 kg·hm^-2) and total system yield (14 001.29 kg·hm^-2) under the DH-XY-2 pattern were the highest in both years. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the intercropping pattern of single maize varieties, the combined planting of maize varieties with different plant heights could optimize the canopy structure of the population, improve the light distribution of the population canopy, and increase the light transmittance of the maize ear position layer and the photosynthetically active radiation at the top of soybean. At the same time, it improved the leaf area index and photosynthetic characteristics of maize, promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and ultimately increased the total system yield. With the increase of edge row density, the maize yield was further enhanced. Under the conditions of this experiment, in the eastern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai region, it was recommended to use the combined planting of short-stemmed DH605 and tall XY1466, with a middle row density of 6.75×10⁴plants/hm² and an edge row density of 8.25×10⁴plants/hm².

Key words: maize and soybean strip intercropping pattern, combinations of maize varieties, canopy structure of the population, light resource utilization, total system yield

ZHANG MengYu, HE ZaiJu, WANG XingXing, REN Hao, REN BaiZhao, LIU Peng, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin. The Influences of Different Plant Height Combinations of Maize Varieties on Light Distribution in the Canopy and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize Under Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Pattern[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4886-4904.

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References 42

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品种Variety	玉米带密度Density (plants/hm²)	处理Treatment	玉米播种带 Maize seeding strip			大豆播种带 Soybean seeding strip
品种Variety	玉米带密度Density (plants/hm²)	处理Treatment	带宽 Strip width (m)	带内行数 Rows in strip distance	株距 Plant to plant distance (cm)	带宽 Strip width (m)	带内行数 Rows in strip distance	株距 Plant to plant distance (cm)
MY73	67500	S-MY	2.3	4	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	MY-JK-1	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10
	82500	MY-JK-2	2.3	2	12.0	1.75	4	10
JK968	67500	S-JK	2.3	4	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	MY-JK-1	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	MY-JK-2	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10
DH605	67500	S-DH	2.3	4	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	DH-XY-1	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10
	82500	DH-XY-2	2.3	2	12.0	1.75	4	10
XY1466	67500	S-XY	2.3	4	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	DH-XY-1	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10
	67500	DH-XY-2	2.3	2	14.6	1.75	4	10

处理 Treatment	2023				2024
处理 Treatment	R1-S	R3-S	R5-S	R7-S	R1-S	R3-S	R5-S	R7-S
S-MY	19.38a	30.41c	38.55c	60.50a	17.86cd	34.25bc	50.76a	56.28a
S-JK	20.55a	37.88ab	40.50bc	48.87c	21.08a	37.49a	46.31ab	51.62b
S-DH	17.41a	31.89bc	43.80ab	54.00b	20.01abc	36.73ab	46.81ab	57.98a
S-XY	18.49a	31.95bc	39.00c	54.15b	18.52bcd	35.14ab	37.22c	51.42b
MY-JK-1	20.28a	44.24a	47.65ab	59.29a	17.02d	31.49c	43.49b	58.84a
MY-JK-2	20.10a	35.56bc	53.15a	57.48a	19.81abc	34.73ab	40.15c	55.93b
DH-XY-1	20.02a	35.83bc	45.46ab	57.96a	20.39ab	36.92ab	41.35c	52.03b
DH-XY-2	18.37a	36.63ab	49.34ab	52.37bc	18.51bcd	34.37bc	43.12b	48.62c

处理 Treatment	叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
处理 Treatment	F_v/F_m	F_v/F_o
S-MY	0.801±0.006cdB	3.987±0.077cdeB
MY-JK-1	0.815±0.003abA	4.394±0.090abA
MY-JK-2	0.803±0.007cdB	4.089±0.144cdB
S-DH	0.809±0.002bcC	4.228±0.059bcC
DH-XY-1	0.817±0.002abB	4.456±0.083abB
DH-XY-2	0.820±0.002aA	4.558±0.054aA
S-JK	0.800±0.007cdB	3.990±0.131cdB
MY-JK-1	0.815±0.001abA	4.417±0.033abA
MY-JK-2	0.801±0.007cdB	4.021±0.175cdeB
S-XY	0.789±0.010eB	3.750±0.154eB
DH-XY-1	0.800±0.009cdA	3.997±0.058deA
DH-XY-2	0.799±0.005deA	3.963±0.064deA

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Spike grain number	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2023	S-MY	526.91dB	259.04eB	4465.56
	MY-JK-1	552.24bcA	273.49eA	4866.91
	MY-JK-2	524.84dB	261.06eB	5345.49
	S-JK	527.01dC	300.54dB	4927.89
	MY-JK-1	552.73bcA	322.97cA	5730.43
	MY-JK-2	547.35bcB	303.84dB	5256.39
	S-DH	533.10cdB	323.16cB	5317.40
	DH-XY-1	552.87bcA	348.18aA	6036.60
	DH-XY-2	566.88abA	326.22cB	7306.07
	S-XY	562.35bC	332.56bB	6094.83
	DH-XY-1	575.12aB	344.43aA	6456.57
	DH-XY-2	585.24aA	342.24aA	6627.34
2024	S-MY	482.86abB	263.29dA	4269.34
	MY-JK-1	502.65aA	265.13dA	4472.15
	MY-JK-2	478.24bB	257.51eB	4983.55
	S-JK	452.63dC	321.35cB	4597.21
	MY-JK-1	484.02abA	335.11abA	5471.30
	MY-JK-2	478.52bB	333.48bA	5276.25
	S-DH	400.46eB	334.91abA	4305.18
	DH-XY-1	444.98dA	333.62abA	5055.09
	DH-XY-2	411.76eB	327.35cB	5587.53
	S-XY	461.92cB	320.12cC	4819.74
	DH-XY-1	485.48abA	336.82aA	5366.39
	DH-XY-2	483.18abA	332.64bB	5552.23

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	株粒数 Number of grains per plant	公顷株数 Number of plants per hectare (10⁴·hm^-2)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2023	S-MY	95.00a	7.50a	27.92a	1990.62a
	S-JK	81.37c	7.34bc	24.49c	1462.85d
	S-DH	89.78ab	7.49b	26.49b	1780.61b
	S-XY	77.32d	7.45b	26.81b	1545.18c
	MY-JK-1	85.44b	7.74a	27.38a	1809.60a
	MY-JK-2	87.00b	7.14c	26.92ab	1672.80c
	DH-XY-1	85.56b	7.68a	27.22a	1754.74b
	DH-XY-2	74.67d	7.57a	26.03b	1470.77d
2024	S-MY	85.00a	8.20b	26.74bc	1863.31a
	S-JK	69.75c	8.16b	26.25c	1493.54c
	S-DH	65.40d	7.90c	27.10b	1400.40d
	S-XY	65.50d	8.17b	27.49a	1470.29c
	MY-JK-1	72.00b	8.59a	27.28b	1687.68b
	MY-JK-2	63.70d	8.00c	27.54a	1403.64d
	DH-XY-1	68.00c	8.36a	27.17b	1544.56b
	DH-XY-2	66.33cd	8.02c	27.41a	1458.64c

The Influences of Different Plant Height Combinations of Maize Varieties on Light Distribution in the Canopy and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize Under Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Pattern

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	系统产量 Total system yield (kg·hm^-2)	玉米产值 Maize output value (yuan/hm²)	大豆产值 Soybean output value (yuan/hm²)	经济效益 Economic profit (yuan/hm²)
2023	S-MY	10921.74d	22381.39e	9029.45a	17439.71d
	S-JK	11318.63d	24698.58d	6635.49d	16874.07d
	S-DH	12415.41c	26650.81c	8076.85b	20364.08c
	S-XY	13734.84c	30547.29b	7008.94c	23192.65b
	MY-JK-1	12396.94c	26531.87c	8208.35b	20524.66c
	MY-JK-2	12274.68c	26568.31c	7587.82c	19769.89c
	DH-XY-1	14247.91b	31307.88b	7959.50b	24903.81b
	DH-XY-2	15404.18a	34917.13a	6671.41d	27010.68a
2024	S-MY	10401.99c	22542.12d	9875.54a	18446.53c
	S-JK	10687.95c	24273.24c	7915.76c	17729.00c
	S-DH	10010.76c	22731.35d	7422.12c	15789.90d
	S-XY	11109.77b	25448.23c	7792.54c	18877.19c
	MY-JK-1	11631.13b	26250.71b	8944.70b	20979.85b
	MY-JK-2	11663.44b	27085.87b	7439.29c	20138.92b
	DH-XY-1	11966.04b	27512.71b	8186.17b	21335.30a
	DH-XY-2	12598.39a	29408.94a	7730.79c	22561.87a