东北黑土区旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳、全氮的变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.07.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The aims of this article were to analyze the dynamic changes in the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their densities, and in the values of ¹³C and ¹⁵N natural abundance, explore the sequestration and stability of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and to reveal the evolving rule of soil organic carbon (nitrogen) after conversation from upland to paddy field in black soil region of northeast China. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable utilization and fertilization in black soil. 【Method】 Combined with field investigation, the upland field (soybean planted for over 60 years) and paddy field with different years (3, 5, 10, 17, 20 and 25 a, soybean was planted in all the fields before their conversation to paddy field) were chosen as research objectives, and stable isotope analysis technology was employed to study the changes of the characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen after conversation from upland to paddy field. 【Result】 In 25 years of conversation from upland to paddy field, the changes of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-60 cm soil layers showed the similar change trends of rapid drop in the first 3 years, the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were decreased by 13.60%-43.27% and 10.40%-40.60%, then gradually increased with the extension of plant years between 3 to 25 years of conversation, and showed accumulation in the 20-60 cm soil layers, but increased faster between 3 to 5 years of conversation, increased slower between 5 to 25 years of conversation, between 17 to 25 years of conversation, the soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the paddy field all higher than in the upland field; the densities of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the 0-60 cm soil layers showed the similar change trends with their contents, they were decreased by 26.53% and 21.89% in the first 3 years, and their densities in the paddy field all higher than in the upland field between 5 to 25 years of conversation, they were increased by 9.87%-21.48% and 10.2%-19.3%. The close relationship was found between the changes of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen after conversation from upland to paddy field, also significant positive relationships were found between soil total nitrogen with organic carbon contents and it density (P<0.01), soil ¹³C natural abundance value in the 0-60 cm soil layers was significantly increased in the first 3 years, and dropped gradually between 3 to 25 years of the conversation. And soil ¹³C natural abundance value was lower in the paddy filed for more than 5 years than in the upland field. Soil ¹⁵N natural abundance value declined gradually with time during the conversation for 25 years, and it was lower in the paddy field than in the upland field in every year. Soil ¹³C and ¹⁵N natural abundance values increased with soil depth in the same years. It was found a significant negative relationship between soil ¹³C natural abundance value and soil organic carbon contents in the 0-40 cm soil layers (P<0.01), but there was no significant relationship between ¹⁵N natural abundance values and total nitrogen contents. 【Conclusion】 After conversation from upland to paddy field for more than 5 years, paddy field showed stronger ability of carbon (nitrogen) sequestration and accumulation of stable carbon (nitrogen) in the 20-60 cm soil layers. After the conversation less than 5 years, more attention should be paid to supplementation of organic carbon and nitrogen for soil in order to maintain and promote the level of soil carbon and nitrogen.

Key words: black soil, conversation from upland to paddy field, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, ¹³C natural abundance value, ¹⁵N natural abundance value

JIA ShuHai, ZHANG JiaNan, ZHANG YuLing, DANG XiuLi, FAN QingFeng, WANG Zhan, YU Na, ZOU HongTao, ZHANG YuLong. Changes of the Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen After Conversation from Upland to Paddy Field in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(7): 1252-1262.

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Changes of the Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen After Conversation from Upland to Paddy Field in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

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