对动物饲料中禁用抗菌促生长剂的反思

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.03.18

Abstract

Abstract: Withdrawal of antimicrobial growth promotants (AGPs) in animal feed issued by European Union (EU) countries caused widespread controversy in the international community. This paper comprehensively reviewed the antimicrobial resistance monitoring data from animal original bacteria and the risk assessment results of veterinary usage. After profoundly rethinking the ban of AGPs in animal feed, the results showed that (1) the risk of some AGPs (e.g. macrolide AGP of tylosin and streptogramin AGP of virginiamycin) seemed to be overstated. The risk of the usage of macrolide AGPs in food animals to emergence of macrolide resistant Campylobacter in human is negligible, and the use of virginiamycin as AGPs could hardly affect the treatment of human infections caused by Enterococcus; (2)There is a lack of scientific evidence for supporting the proposition of transmission of antimicrobial resistance from farm to dining table. Although there are some evidence that antimicrobial resistant bacteria could directly transmit from food animal to those persons who closely contacted with animals, there is no direct and sufficient evidents to support the transfer of antimicrobial resistant pathogens through food chain to persons; (3) Withdrawal of AGPs did not change the epidemiology of resistant pathogens, especially for the avoparcin in glycopeptides, enrofloxacin in fluoroquinolones and chlorotetracycline in tetracyclines. After ban of these three classes of AGPs, the number of resistant bacteria from both animal and human continued to increase. The reason may be attributed to the enhanced fitness of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter and the increase of the consumption of therapeutic tetracycline agents; (4) Withdrawal of the AGPs may brought a certain loss for the animal breeding industry. For example, it may increase the incidence of necrotizing enteritis caused by Clostridium, increase therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents in the farmed animals, and increase breeding materials and corresponding venues, etc.; (5) Withdrawal of the AGPs may cause a certain influence on animal food safety and human public health. For instance, it may affect the fermentation of animal intestinal flora and thereby increase the emissions of harmful gas. It may increase the chances of bacteria contamination during food processing and therefore increase the incidence of foodborne pathogens in human. Conclusively, the political decision must be developed based on the balance of pros and cons and the adjustment of spatial and temporal condition. It also need to comprehensively consider the function of withdrawal of AGPs on control of antimicrobial resistance and the influence of withdrawal of AGPs on the animal breeding industry and human public health. Face the development of animal breeding industry in China and the world food sustainable needs, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and systemic risk assessment to find new and rational strategy to control resistance. It is also essential to strengthen the government supervision to avoid drug abuse and promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents in food animals.

Key words: animal feed, antimicrobial growth promotants, withdrawal, resistance risk, rational use of drugs

HAO Hai-hong, CHENG Gu-yue, DAI Meng-hong, WANG Xu, WANG Yu-lian, HUANG Ling-li, LIU Zhen-li, YUAN Zong-hui. Rethinking the Withdrawal of Antimicrobial Growth Promotants in Animal Feed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(3): 594-603.

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