Abstract: Research on Moderate Scale Management of National Planting was a major subject which was finished twenty years ago. Entrust by Development Research Center of the State Council, National Agricultural Zoning Committee and Ministry of Agriculture, researcher Meng Fan-qi who worked in Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture presided the subject participated by seventy-five research staff from fifteen units such as Nanjing Agricultural University, Farmers’ working ministry of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences. Mr. Du Run-sheng thought “it was the first systemic research in this field”. The author participated in the discussion of the Party Central Committee's “Document No. 5” in 1987. And “Positive guide to the development of agriculture moderate scale management in some developed region on the basis of respecting farmers’ desire” was wrote into “Document No. 5” formally. If a series of research reports and papers only brought some hit but not many substantial policies, then we can say the status changes now. The paper is consisted of four parts. In the first part, the background of establishing subject is described briefly. In the second part, the whole fruit and its effect are brought to the point. In the third part, six remarkable points of the fruit are presented: analyzing the factors and their duality, defining and standardizing “moderate scale management”, bringing forward developing “service-oriented agricultural mechanization” with Chinese Characteristics, pointing that “double management” will trend to self-negation, pointing that the correct choice of Chinese urbanization is to “develop big and mega cities reasonably, develop moderate cities positively, develop small cities with selectivity and emphasis and form city group with reasonable structure”, comparing the policy effect of price subsidy and production subsidy. In the last part, the historical and cognitive limitation is elaborated in the choice of management subjects and land institution.

Key words: Rural economic system , Plant farming , Management scale , Mechanized agriculture