后基因组时代发展抗除草剂作物的机遇及挑战

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Global agriculture is facing severe challenges, and breeding technology is the foundation and key to the development of the seed industry. Gene editing technology refers to the precise modification of target genes to achieve deletion, insertion, and replacement of specific target gene fragments. It can precisely modify target genes or introduce certain excellent genes into crops to produce crops with excellent agronomic traits, which has great potential in molecular design breeding and is of great significance to ensuring food security. Weed damage has a huge impact on the yield and quality of crops. To control weed damage efficiently, safely and sustainably has always been a hot research topic. Currently, more than 200 types of chemical herbicides have emerged in the global market. Using chemical methods to control weeds has become an important part of modern agriculture, and the cost of weed control has been significantly reduced by promoting herbicide-resistant crops. However, with the large-scale promotion of herbicide-resistant crops and the long-term use of single herbicides, environmental safety problems such as weed resistance and escape of resistant genes have gradually been discovered. Currently, the development of functional genomics, bioinformatics and genetic engineering technology (especially the widespread application of gene editing technology in plants) has created conditions for the creation of herbicide-resistant crops and new efficient weed control systems. In this article, the main target genes of herbicides that inhibit amino acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, carotenoid, plastoquinone and tocopherol biosynthesis pathways and their action mechanisms are introduced at first. Secondly, two methods for mining new herbicide resistance genes and herbicide systems are introduced, including the directed mutation method of herbicide resistance genes within crops based on CRISPR/Cas system and the resistance gene guidance method based on the co-evolution theory of natural product and organisms in nature. Moreover, the research progress of three breeding methods for herbicide resistant crops was reviewed, including conventional breeding, transgenic breeding and CRISPR/Cas genome editing based breeding. Among them, the research progress of CIRSPR/Cas system, base editing technology, and prime editing system in cultivating herbicide resistant crops were highlighted. The main challenge faced by chemical control of weeds and herbicide resistant crops is resistant weeds and environmental safety issues, and gene escape, respectively. At present, the rapid development of genome editing technology provides new solutions and new opportunities for the development of herbicide resistant crops in the post genome era. Finally, the prospects for the future of herbicide-resistant crops were provided.

Key words: gene editing technology, herbicides, herbicide-resistant genes, breeding of herbicide-resistant crops

WU YuanLong, HUI FengJiao, PAN ZhenYuan, YOU ChunYuan, LIN HaiRong, LI ZhiBo, JIN ShuangXia, NIE XinHui. Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Herbicide-Resistance Crops in the Post-Genomic Era[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3285-3301.

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Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Breeding herbicide-resistant crops based on gene editing"

抗除草剂作物 Herbicide resistance crops	突变位点 Mutation sites	修复途径 Repair pathway	靶标基因 Target gene	靶标除草剂 Target herbicide	参考文献 Rferences
水稻Rice	Trp548/Ser627	HDR	ALS	双草醚Bispyribac-sodium	[48, 58, 60, 79-80]
水稻Rice	Gly628	NHEJ	ALS	咪草烟Imazethapyr	[55]
水稻Rice	Ala96	CBE	ALS	甲氧咪草烟Imazamox	[81]
水稻Rice	Gly628	CBE	ALS	咪唑啉酮Imidazolinone	[82]
水稻Rice	Ser627	Prime editing	ALS	咪唑啉酮Imidazolinone	[83]
水稻Rice	Try548	Prime editing	OsALS	双草醚Bispyribac sodium	[84]
水稻Rice	/	ABE/CBE	OsALS1	双草醚Bispyribac-sodium	[85]
水稻Rice	Cys2186	ABE	ACCase	吡氟乙草灵Haloxyfop	[53]
水稻Rice	/	ABE/CBE	ACCase	吡氟乙草灵Haloxyfop	[70]
水稻Rice	Trp2125	CBE	OsACCase	氟草灵Gallant	[86]
水稻Rice	Trp2125	Prime editing	OsACCase1	吡氟乙草灵Haloxyfop	[87]
水稻Rice	/	Prime editing	OsACCase1	氟草灵Gallant	[28]
水稻Rice	/	NHEJ	EPSPS	草甘膦Glyphosate	[88]
水稻Rice	Thr1981	ABE	OsTubA2	二硝基苯胺Dinitroaniline	[89]
西瓜Watermelon	Pro190	CBE	ClALS	苯磺隆Tribenuron0	[90]
小麦Wheat	Ala1992	CBE	TaALS	烟嘧磺隆Nicosulfuron	[91]
小麦Wheat	Pro174	CBE	TaALS, ACCase	磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮、芳氧苯氧丙酸酯Sulfonylurea, Imidazolinone, Aryloxyphenoxy propionate	[68]
玉米Maize	Pro165	CBE	ZmALS	磺酰脲类Sulfonylurea	[66]
玉米Maize	Pro165	HDR	ALS	氯磺隆Chlorsulfuron	[92]
油菜Oilseed rape	Pro197	CBE	BnALS1	苯磺隆Tribenuron-methyl	[67]
烟草N. tabacum	Pro194	CBE	ALS	吡嘧磺隆乙酯Pyrazosulfuron ethyl	[93]
西红柿Tomato	Pro184/Pro186	CBE	ALS	氯磺隆Chlorsulfuron	[94]
大豆Soybean	Pro178	HDR	ALS1	氯磺隆Chlorsulfuron	[95]
亚麻Flax	Thr178/Pro182	HDR	EPSPS	草甘膦Glyphosate	[96]
木薯Cassava	/	HDR	EPSPS	草甘膦Glyphosate	[97]
土豆Potato	/	HDR	ALS1	咪唑啉酮Imidazolinone	[98]

Table 1

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Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Herbicide-Resistance Crops in the Post-Genomic Era

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