糖蜜发酵工业废液农用的环境安全风险

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Sugar molasses is a by-product from sugar industries. The sugar molasses-based fermentation industries mainly refer to the fermentation industries using molasses from sugar mills as raw materials for alcohol or yeast fermentation. A large volume of effluents can be produced in the process of sugar molasses-based alcohol or yeast fermentation. Considering the possibility of resource utilization with such effluents, many sugar-producing countries (such as Brazil, India, and China) use the effluents for crop irrigation and fertilization or soil remediation directly into the farmlands by waste disposal methods. Because the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries are both high concentration organic wastewater, and heavy metal-polluted wastewater, which are difficult to be treated. With the long-term disposal of such effluents into the farmlands in some sugar-producing countries, the problems about ecological environment pollution in soil-crop-water systems are increasingly exposed. At present, some fertilizer production enterprises in China use such effluents as raw materials to produce organic water-soluble fertilizers (accounting for 32%), but the long-term research and monitoring data about environmental safety risks for agricultural application of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries are still lack. This paper collected the relevant scientific research literatures since 1980 on the pollution characteristics of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries, and their environmental impacts on agricultural application. Through the investigation and review on the relevant research data, this paper evaluated the environmental safety risks for agricultural application of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries: (1) Such effluents were at a risk of seriously exceeding the limits for water quality standards, and a risk of ecotoxicity to plants. For example, such effluents had strong acidity, and high salinity, and contained not only high load organic pollutants, but also several heavy metals including 5 heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr), as well as other pollutants (such as Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Se, etc.). The concentrations of these pollutants mostly exceeded the limits of the Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB 5084—2021). (2) Such effluents for agricultural application were at a risk of farmland pollution. The concentrations of pollutants (such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cl) detected from the soil samples irrigated with such effluents were about 10-641 times higher than those in the control soil. (3) Such effluents for agricultural application were at a safety risk of agricultural products. The concentrations of pollutants (such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn and Pb) detected in the grains of crops (wheat and mustard) irrigated with such effluents were about 3-12 times higher than those in the control crops, in which all the pollutants detected in the crops irrigated with such effluents exceeded both the allowable limits specified by FAO/WHO, but also the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food (GB 2762—2017) specified by China. In view of the issue of environmental safety risks for agricultural application of such effluents, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the quality detection and risk control on the organic water-soluble fertilizer products with such effluents as raw material, to enable the safety of effluent utilization in agriculture.

Key words: sugar molasses, sugar industry, molasses-based yeast industry, molasses-based alcohol industry, sugar molasses-based fermentation industry, effluents from fermentation industry

WANG XiaoBin, YAN Xiang, LI XiuYing, TU Cheng, SUN ZhaoKai. Environmental Safety Risks in Agricultural Application of Effluents from Sugar Molasses-Based Fermentation Industries[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 490-507.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.008

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2023/V56/I3/490

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Molasses-based alcohol, yeast fermentation processes and discharge related parameters of wastewater from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries"

	制糖工业 Sugar industry	糖蜜发酵酒精工业 Molasses-based alcohol industry	糖蜜发酵酵母工业 Molasses-based yeast industry
主要原料Main raw materials	甘蔗/甜菜Sugarcane/beet	糖蜜Sugar molasses	糖蜜Sugar molasses
生产工艺流程 Production process	甘蔗压榨→蔗汁清洗→蒸发煮糖 →离心分蜜^[21] Sugarcane crushing→cane juice cleaning→evaporation by sugar boiling→molasses separation by centrifugation^[21]	糖蜜发酵(酒曲)→蒸馏^[65] Molasses fermentation (distiller's yeast)→ distillation^[65]	糖蜜预处理→发酵(酵母菌)→分离→浓缩→干燥^[65] Molasses pretreatment→fermentation (yeast)→separation→condensation→ drying^[65]
糖蜜产出率(糖蜜/作物产量) Molasses/crop yield (%)	甘蔗糖蜜约3%-4%^[16] Cane molasses about 3%-4%^[16] 甜菜糖蜜约5%^[17] Beet molasses about 5% ^[17]
糖蜜消耗量 (糖蜜/成品) Molasses consumption (molasses/products)		4.8 t糖蜜/1 t酒精^[6] 4.8 t molasses/1 t alcohol ^[6]	5 t糖蜜/1 t酵母^[26] 5 t molasses/1 t yeast^[26]
废液排放量 (废液/成品) Effluent discharge ( effluent / products)	1 t糖蜜/3 t蔗糖^[3] 1 t molasses/3 t cane sugar^[3]	12-16 t废液/1 t酒精^[4] 12-16 t effluent/1 t alcohol^[4]	60-150 t废液/1 t干酵母^[5] 60-150 t effluent/1 t dry yeast^[5]
废液主要污染特征 Pollution characteristics of molasses-based effluents		高浓度有机物--可生化性差；高浓度硫酸盐--pH低^[16,39] High concentrated organic matter--poor biodegradability; high concentrated sulfate-- low pH^[16,39]	高浓度有机物--可生化性差；高浓度硫酸盐--pH低^[2,64] High concentrated organic matter-- poor biodegradability; high concentrated sulfate--low pH^[2,64]
废液主要处理方法 Main methods for treatment of molasses-based effluents		生化处理/浓缩法等^[16,39] Biochemical treatment /condensation method, etc^[16,39]	生化处理/浓缩法等^[2,64] Biochemical treatment /condensation method, etc^[2,64]
废液主要利用方法 Main methods for utilization of molasses-based effluents	发酵酒精或酵母等^[2,16] Fermented alcohol or yeast, etc^[2,16]	直接农灌法/水溶肥等^[16,39] Direct crop irrigation /water soluble fertilizers, etc^[16,39]	直接农灌法/水溶肥等^[2,64] Direct crop irrigation /water soluble fertilizers, etc^[2,64]
水污染物排放标准 Related discharge standards of water pollutants	制糖工业水污染物排放标准 (GB 21909—2008)^[66] Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Sugar Industry (GB 21909—2008)^[66]	发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染物排放标准 (GB 27631—2011) ^[62] Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Fermentation Alcohol and Distilled Spirits Industry (GB 27631—2011) ^[62]	酵母工业水污染物排放标准(GB 25462—2010)^[63] Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Yeast Industry (GB 25462—2010)^[63]

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

References 122

[35]	ARIMI M M, ZHANG Y J, GÖTZ G, KIRIAMITI K, GEIßEN S U. Antimicrobial colorants in molasses distillery wastewater and their removal technologies. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014, 87: 34-43. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.11.002. doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.11.002
[36]	MARTÍN SANTOS M A, FERNÁNDEZ BOCANEGRA J L, MARTÍN MARTÍN A, GARCÍA GARCÍA I. Ozonation of vinasse in acid and alkaline media. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2003, 78(11): 1121-1127. doi:10.1002/jctb.908. doi: 10.1002/jctb.908
[37]	JIMÉNEZ A M, BORJA R, MARTÍN A. A comparative kinetic evaluation of the anaerobic digestion of untreated molasses and molasses previously fermented with Penicillium decumbens in batch reactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2004, 18(2): 121-132. doi:10.1016/S1369-703X(03)00198-0. doi: 10.1016/S1369-703X(03)00198-0
[38]	肖红霞. 糖蜜酒精厌氧出水强化预处理技术研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
	XIAO H X. Study on enhanced treatment of molasses alcohol anaerobic effluent[D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)
[39]	奉灵波. 利用甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液生产腐植酸的研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2013.
	FENG L B. Study on the production of humic acid with vinasse from sugarcane molasses alcohol[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[40]	王进. 糖蜜酒精废液回用与发酵酵母菌种选育的研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2004.
	WANG J. Breeding and application of yeast strain suitable for molasses stillage recycling[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2004. (in Chinese)
[41]	郝科慧. 糖蜜酒精废水水解酸化—蒸馏—好氧工艺的实验研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2014.
	HAO K H. Study on molasses alcohol wastewater by hydrolytic acidification-distillation-aerobic process[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[42]	韦绍龙, 黄素梅, 韦莉萍, 韦弟, 李朝生, 覃柳燕, 田丹丹, 张进忠, 周维, 龙盛风, 杨柳. 糖蜜酒精发酵液对香蕉产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响. 南方农业学报, 2016, 47(6): 895-900. doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2016.06.895. doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2016.06.895
	WEI S L, HUANG S M, WEI L P, WEI D, LI C S, QIN L Y, TIAN D D, ZHANG J Z, ZHOU W, LONG S F, YANG L. Effects of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor on yield, quality of banana, physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2016, 47(6): 895-900. doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2016.06.895. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2016.06.895
[43]	周桂, 邓光辉, 何子平. 糖蜜酒精废液综合利用进展. 广西民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2000, 6(2): 111-114. doi:10.16177/j.cnki.gxmzzk.2000.02.010. doi: 10.16177/j.cnki.gxmzzk.2000.02.010
	ZHOU G, DENG G H, HE Z P. Progress in the comprehensive ultilization of molasses alcohol waste liquor. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2000, 6(2): 111-114. doi:10.16177/j.cnki.gxmzzk.2000.02.010. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16177/j.cnki.gxmzzk.2000.02.010
[44]	黄伟添, 陈乐军. 甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液综合利用的探索与实践. 甘蔗糖业, 1997(5): 41-45.
	HUANG W T, CHEN L J. Research and experiment of the comprehensive utilization of alcohol waste from cane molasses. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 1997(5): 41-45. (in Chinese)
[45]	陆浩湉, 朱涤荃, 谢文化, 张远平, 尚红岩, 黄廷冠, 陈秀萍. 高浓度糖蜜发酵酒精废液浓缩焚烧技术. 甘蔗糖业, 2007(4): 47-51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2007.04.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2007.04.011
	LU H T, ZHU D Q, XIE W H, ZHANG Y P, SHANG H Y, HUANG T G, CHEN X P. Concentrated combustion technology of molasses alcohol wastewater. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2007(4): 47-51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2007.04.011. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2007.04.011
[46]	陈立平, 陈开正, 吴鸿祥, 陈央. 甘蔗糖厂酒精废液堆肥实现零排放的工程实践. 广西轻工业, 2000, 16(1): 13-16.
	CHEN L P, CHEN K Z, WU H X, CHEN Y. The brief introduction on the zero effluent of waste liquid of alcohol by composting in cane sugar factory. Light Industry Science and Technology, 2000, 16(1): 13-16. (in Chinese)
[1]	李丽, 游向荣, 孙健, 李志春, 何雪梅. 甘蔗田间废弃物及制糖副产物综合利用研究进展. 食品工业, 2013, 34(7): 170-173.
	LI L, YOU X R, SUN J, LI Z C, HE X M. Review on utilization of sugarcane field wastes and sugar refining byproducts. The Food Industry, 2013, 34(7): 170-173. (in Chinese)
[2]	方学兴. 糖蜜酵母废水中焦糖色素的回收及厌氧生物处理废水的试验研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2016.
	FANG X X. Rcycling caramel from the molasses yeast wastewater and anaerobic treatment for the wastewater[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[3]	杨强剑. 膜分离技术在糖蜜澄清和脱色中的应用基础研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所), 2019.
	YANG Q J. Applied basic research in clarification and decolorization of cane molasses by membrane technology[D]. Beijing: Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019. (in Chinese)
[4]	杨凤林, 周集体, 高桂英. 酒糟废液的处理与综合利用技术. 环境保护科学, 1987, 13(1): 8-12, 26. doi:10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.1987.01.003. doi: 10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.1987.01.003
	YANG F L, ZHOU J T, GAO G Y. Treatment and comprehensive utilization of distillery wastewater. Environmental Protection Science, 1987, 13(1): 8-12, 26. doi:10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.1987.01.003. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.1987.01.003
[5]	李可欣. 活性干酵母生产废液处理技术研究. 黑龙江环境通报, 2016, 40(4): 66-68. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-263X.2016.04.021. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-263X.2016.04.021
	LI K X. Study on treatment technology of wastewater of active dry yeast production. Heilongjiang Environmental Journal, 2016, 40(4): 66-68. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-263X.2016.04.021. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-263X.2016.04.021
[6]	林荣忠, 杨宇格, 林荣珍. 基于酒精废液高值化利用的甘蔗糖蜜全年生产酒精模式探讨. 企业科技与发展, 2017(5): 151-153.
	LIN R Z, YANG Y G, LIN R Z. Study on the sugarcane molasses- based alcohol production mode based on a high value utilization of alcohol wastewater. Enterprise Science and Technology & Development, 2017(5): 151-153. (in Chinese)
[7]	SHEEHAN G J, GREENFIELD P F. Utilisation, treatment and disposal of distillery wastewater. Water Research, 1980, 14(3): 257-277. doi:10.1016/0043- 1354(80)90097-4.
[8]	PATHAK H, JOSHI H, CHAUDHARY A, CHAUDHARY R, KALRA N, DWIWEDI M K. Soil amendment with distillery effluent for wheat and rice cultivation. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1999, 113: 133-140. doi:10.1023/A%3A1005058321924. doi: 10.1023/A%3A1005058321924
[9]	江永. 利用酒精废液生产商品型高效甘蔗专用有机复混肥的若干问题. 甘蔗糖业, 1999(4): 14-17.
	JIANG Y. Some problems in using alcohol waste liquid to produce the concentrated organic fertilizer special for sugurcane. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 1999(4): 14-17. (in Chinese)
[10]	唐其展, 田忠孝, 朱树标, 邓亚德. 利用糖厂酒精废液配制的液体肥在甘蔗上的肥效研究. 广西农业科学, 2004, 35(3): 205-207. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2004.03.018. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2004.03.018
	TANG Q Z, TIAN Z X, ZHU S B, DENG Y D. Study on effect of liquid fertilizer made from alcohol waste of sugarcane mill on sugarcane production. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 2004, 35(3): 205-207. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2004.03.018. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2004.03.018
[11]	KAUSHIK A, NISHA R, JAGJEETA K, KAUSHIK C P. Impact of long and short term irrigation of a sodic soil with distillery effluent in combination with bioamendments. Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(17): 1860-1866. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.031. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.031 pmid: 15939590
[12]	BUSTAMANTE M A, PAREDES C, MORAL R, MORENO- CASELLES J, PÉREZ-ESPINOSA A, PÉREZ-MURCIA M D. Uses of winery and distillery effluents in agriculture: Characterisation of nutrient and hazardous components. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005, 51(1): 145-151.
[13]	CHANDRA R, BHARAGAVA R N, YADAV S, MOHAN D. Accumulation and distribution of toxic metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica campestris L.) irrigated with distillery and tannery effluents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 162(2/3): 1514-1521. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.040. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.040
[47]	陈秀萍. 糖蜜酒精废液资源化治理的回顾与展望. 甘蔗糖业, 2009(2): 43-46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2009.02.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2009.02.011
	CHEN X P. Review and prospect of resource treatment for molasses alcohol wastewater. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2009(2): 43-46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2009.02.011. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2009.02.011
[48]	张跃彬, 高正卿. 蔗糖副产物滤泥、糖蜜酒精废醪液的开发利用. 中国糖料, 2009, 31(1): 63-64, 67. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2624.2009.01.022. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2624.2009.01.022
	ZHANG Y B, GAO Z Q. Development and utilization on filter mud of cane sugar by-product and wastewater from alcoholic fermentation of molasses. Sugar Crops of China, 2009, 31(1): 63-64, 67. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2624.2009.01.022. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2624.2009.01.022
[49]	林一雄, 蔡伟兴, 庄惠. 甘蔗糖厂酒精废液的处理. 工业水处理, 1987, 7(4): 44-45.
	LIN Y X, CAI W X, ZHUANG H. Treatment of alcohol wastewater from sugarcane mill. Industrial Water Treatment, 1987, 7(4): 44-45. (in Chinese)
[50]	欧阳志云, 赵同谦, 苗鸿, 王如松, 王效科. 海南制糖-酒精-能源-农业生态产业模式设计. 环境科学学报, 2004, 24(5): 915-921. doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2004.05.027. doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2004.05.027
	OUYANG Z Y, ZHAO T Q, MIAO H, WANG R S, WANG X K. Design for ecological industrial chain for sugar refining, alcohol distillation, energy provision and agriculture in Hainan. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(5): 915-921. doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2004.05.027. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2004.05.027
[51]	周志萍, 秦文信. 甜菜制糖废水治理的探索. 中国甜菜糖业, 2008(4): 17-23. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0551.2008.04.006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0551.2008.04.006
	ZHOU Z P, QIN W X. Study on beetsugar wastewater treatment. China Beet & Sugar, 2008(4): 17-23. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0551.2008.04.006. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0551.2008.04.006
[52]	黄明静. 甜菜糖蜜酒精废液的处理研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2011.
[14]	FUESS L T, GARCIA M L. Implications of stillage land disposal: a critical review on the impacts of fertigation. Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 145: 210-229. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.003. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.003 pmid: 25058869
[15]	GARCIA C F H, DE SOUZA R B, DE SOUZA C P, CHRISTOFOLETTI C A, FONTANETTI C S. Toxicity of two effluents from agricultural activity: Comparing the genotoxicity of sugar cane and orange vinasse. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 142: 216-221. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.053. doi: S0147-6513(17)30195-1 pmid: 28412625
[16]	沈大春, 敖俊华, 吴启华, 黄莹, 卢颖林, 江永. 甘蔗糖厂糖蜜及酒精废液应用现状与展望. 甘蔗糖业, 2019(3): 46-51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2019.03.008. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2019.03.008
	SHEN D C, AO J H, WU Q H, HUANG Y, LU Y L, JIANG Y. Application status and prospect of molasses and vinasse in sugarcane mills. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2019(3): 46-51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2019.03.008. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2019.03.008
[17]	李晓威, 周艳丽. 2018/2019榨季内蒙甜菜糖业调研报告: 内蒙将成为我国最大的甜菜糖主产区. 中国糖料, 2018, 40(6): 58-61. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2018.06.018. doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2018.06.018
	LI X W, ZHOU Y L. Investigation report on sugarbeet & beet sugar industry in Inner Mongolia during 2018-2019. Inner Mongolia will become the largest beet sugar production area in China. Sugar Crops of China, 2018, 40(6): 58-61. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2018.06.018. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2018.06.018
[18]	刘晓雪, 邬志军. 2020/2021榨季国内外食糖市场回顾与2021/2022榨季展望. 中国糖料, 2021, 43(4): 81-88. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2021.04.014. doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2021.04.014
	LIU X X, WU Z J. Domestic and foreign sugar markets in 2020/2021 crushing season and their prospect for 2021/2022 crushing season. Sugar Crops of China, 2021, 43(4): 81-88. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2021.04.014. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2021.04.014
[19]	刘芷妍, 李佳娜, 唐燕凤. 制糖副产品价格及销售模式的趋势分析. 广西糖业, 2021(4): 45-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4732.2021.04.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4732.2021.04.011
	LIU Z Y, LI J N, TANG Y F. Sugar by-product price and sales model trend analysis. Guangxi Sugar Industry, 2021(4): 45-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4732.2021.04.011. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4732.2021.04.011
[52]	HUANG M J. Treatment of beet molasses alcohol wastewater[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2011. (in Chinese)
[53]	傅其军, 苏毅. 法国酒精发酵工业的废液处理. 广西轻工业, 2003, 19(1): 33-38.
	FU Q J, SU Y. Waste liquid treatment of French alcohol fermentation industry. Light Industry Science and Technology, 2003, 19(1): 33-38. (in Chinese)
[54]	曹臣, 吴海珍, 吴超飞, 韦朝海, 卢彬. 酵母废水处理技术分析及生物流化床耦合工艺的应用实践. 化工进展, 2011, 30(2): 449-455, 462. doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2011.02.032. doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2011.02.032
	CAO C, WU H Z, WU C F, WEI C H, LU B. Analysis of treatment processes of yeast wastewater and application of biological fluidized bed combined process. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2011, 30(2): 449-455, 462. doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2011.02.032. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2011.02.032
[55]	杨立新, 陈泽鹏, 王祖宣, 周美莲, 梁俊生. 两段厌氧消化法处理甘蔗糖蜜酵母废水实验室研究. 中国沼气, 1988, 6(2): 11-15.
	YANG L X, CHEN Z P, WANG Z X, ZHOU M L, LIANG J S. Study of treating sugarcane molasses waste water with two phase anearobic digestion. China Biogas, 1988, 6(2): 11-15. (in Chinese)
[56]	方学兴, 胡松青, 李琳, 侯轶. 高浓酵母废水的性质及不同预处理方法的探讨. 食品与发酵科技, 2015, 51(6): 1-6, 46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2015.06-001. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2015.06-001
	FANG X X, HU S Q, LI L, HOU Y. Reaserch of different pretreatment methods of high concentration yeast wastewater. Sichuan Food and Fermentation, 2015, 51(6): 1-6, 46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2015.06-001. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2015.06-001
[57]	李友明, 葛广德, 胡松青, 侯轶. 超滤膜处理高浓酵母废水特性的研究. 现代食品科技, 2018, 34(3): 108-112, 136. doi:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2018.03.016. doi: 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2018.03.016
	LI Y M, GE G D, HU S Q, HOU Y. Study on the characteristics of high-concentration yeast wastewater treated by ultrafiltration membrane. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2018, 34(3): 108-112, 136. doi:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2018.03.016. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2018.03.016
[20]	王斌, 刘翠, 黄燕玉, 胡洁兰. 糖蜜分类及综合处理工艺研究. 甘蔗糖业, 2013(5): 26-30. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2013.05.005. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2013.05.005
	WANG B, LIU C, HUANG Y Y, HU J L. Classification and comprehensive treatment technology of molasses. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2013(5): 26-30. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2013.05.005. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2013.05.005
[21]	浦媛媛, 陈山. 甘蔗糖厂副产物及废弃物的资源化利用. 甘蔗糖业, 2012(3): 69-75. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2012.03.016. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2012.03.016
	PU Y Y, CHEN S. The comprehensive utilization of byproducts and wastes in cane sugar industry. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2012(3): 69-75. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2012.03.016. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2012.03.016
[22]	罗建泉, 杭晓风, 刘威, 王兆帅, 陈向荣, 黄日波, 万印华. 膜法绿色制糖技术研究进展. 过程工程学报, 2018, 18(5): 908-917. doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218209. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218209
	LUO J Q, HANG X F, LIU W, WANG Z S, CHEN X R, HUANG R B, WAN Y H. Research progress on green production of sugar from sugarcane by membrane technology. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2018, 18(5): 908-917. doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218209. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218209
[23]	许文, 董黎明, 董莉, 孙晓明, 毕莹莹, 刘景洋. 我国制糖工业水污染物减排潜力分析及建议. 现代化工, 2020, 40(12): 19-22. doi:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2020.12.004. doi: 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2020.12.004
	XU W, DONG L M, DONG L, SUN X M, BI Y Y, LIU J Y. Potential analysis and suggestions on water pollutants discharge reduction in China’s sugar industry. Modern Chemical Industry, 2020, 40(12): 19-22. doi:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2020.12.004. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2020.12.004
[24]	徐运杰, 季丰泉, 陈学华, 苏双良, 毛远廷. 甜菜和甘蔗糖蜜的理化特征及其在生猪养殖中的应用. 山东畜牧兽医, 2021, 42(4): 56-60.
	XU Y J, JI F Q, CHEN X H, SU S L, MAO Y T. Physical and chemical characteristics of sugarbeet/and sugarcane molasses and their application in pig breeding. Shandong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 42(4): 56-60. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1733.2021.04.030. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1733.2021.04.030
[58]	张会贞, 陈娇敏, 魏东. 活性炭脱色糖蜜酵母废水混合营养培养蛋白核小球藻净化水质. 现代食品科技, 2017, 33(8): 221-227, 154. doi:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2017.8.032. doi: 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2017.8.032
	ZHANG H Z, CHEN J M, WEI D. Purification of molasses wastewater from the yeast industry by active charcoal-based decolorization and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2017, 33(8): 221-227, 154. doi:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2017.8.032. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2017.8.032
[59]	马兴周. 酵母废水处理的可行性研究. 轻工科技, 2012, 28(6): 94-95, 102.
	MA X Z. Feasibility study on yeast wastewater treatment. Light Industry Science and Technology, 2012, 28(6): 94-95, 102. (in Chinese)
[60]	龚美珍, 殷绍平. 甘蔗糖蜜酵母废液焦糖色素提取工艺研究. 食品科技, 2006, 31(4): 122-123, 127. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9989.2006.04.040. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9989.2006.04.040
	GONG M Z, YIN S P. Study on extracting process of caramel pigment from the molasses wastewater utilized by yeast. Food Science and Technology, 2006, 31(4): 122-123, 127. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9989.2006.04.040. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9989.2006.04.040
[61]	姜锦玉. MF-CSTR工艺预处理酵母生产废水同时发酵产氢研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
	JIANG J Y. Pretreatment of yeast production wastewater and hydrogen production based on MF-CSTR process[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[62]	中华人民共和国环境保护部和国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染物排放标准:GB 27631—2011. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2011.
	The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Fermentation Alcohol and Distilled Spirits Industry: GB 27631—2011. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2011. (in Chinese)
[63]	中华人民共和国环境保护部和国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 酵母工业水污染物排放标准: GB 25462—2010. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2010.
[25]	齐晓庆. 甘蔗糖蜜蔗香风味物质的制备及性质研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012.
	QI X Q. The preparation and characteristic of sweet flavour in the sugarcane molasses[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)
[26]	田闯. 安琪酵母: 糖蜜成本预期继续下降. 股市动态分析, 2017(44): 30-31. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-0401.2017.44.018. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0401.2017.44.018
	TIAN C. Angel yeast: Expected to continue to decline the cost of molasses. Stock Market Trend Analysis Weekly, 2017(44): 30-31. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-0401.2017.44.018. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0401.2017.44.018
[27]	李知洪, 肖冬光, 梁音. 以糖蜜为原料的酵母废水处理技术. 酿酒科技, 2010(7): 86-88, 92. doi:10.13746/j.njkj.2010.07.040. doi: 10.13746/j.njkj.2010.07.040
	LI Z H, XIAO D G, LIANG Y. Treatment techniques of molasses- based yeast wastewater. Liquor-Making Science & Technology, 2010(7): 86-88, 92. doi:10.13746/j.njkj.2010.07.040. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13746/j.njkj.2010.07.040
[28]	周旋, 刘慧, 王焰新, 史郁, 程睿韬. 酵母废水处理技术进展. 工业水处理, 2007, 27(7): 8-11. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-829X.2007.07.003. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-829X.2007.07.003
	ZHOU X, LIU H, WANG Y X, SHI Y, CHENG R T. Advance in the treatment techniques of yeast wastewater. Industrial Water Treatment, 2007, 27(7): 8-11. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-829X.2007.07.003. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-829X.2007.07.003
[29]	史郁, 刘慧, 周旋, 谢安, 胡超涌. 内电解预处理提高酵母废水可生化性机理研究. 科学通报, 2009, 54(5): 655-661. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0177-4. doi: 10.1007/s11434-009-0177-4
	SHI Y, LIU H, ZHOU X, XIE A, HU C Y. Mechanism on impact of internal-electrolysis pretreatment on biodegradability of yeast wastewater. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(5): 655-661. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0177-4. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1007/s11434-009-0177-4
[30]	李永会. 二级厌氧-好氧与物化结合工艺处理糖蜜酵母废水的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2014.
	LI Y H. Study on a secondary anaerobic-aerobic combined with physico-chemical process in the treatment of molasses yeast wastewater[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[31]	刘秀英, 周旋, 周春芳. 酵母废水中可溶性有机物的GC-MS分析. 武汉科技学院学报, 2008, 21(5): 17-21.
	LIU X Y, ZHOU X, ZHOU C F. Analysis of dissolved organic contaminants in yeast wastewater by GC-MS. Journal of Wuhan Textile University, 2008, 21(5): 17-21. (in Chinese)
[32]	葛广德. 高浓酵母工业废水处理工艺的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2018.
	GE G D. Study on high-concentration yeast industrial wastewater treatment process[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
[33]	周瑞芳. 利用甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液及甘蔗尾叶发酵生产腐殖酸有机肥[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2014.
	ZHOU R F. Using sugarcane molasses alcohol waste liquid and sugarcane caudate lobe to produce humic acid organic fertilizer by fermentation[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[34]	PAYET B, SHUM CHEONG SING A, SMADJA J. Comparison of the concentrations of phenolic constituents in cane sugar manufacturing products with their antioxidant activities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 54(19): 7270-7276. doi:10.1021/jf060808o. doi: 10.1021/jf060808o pmid: 16968093
[63]	The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Yeast Industry: GB 25462—2010. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[64]	许伟. 蔗渣吸附糖蜜酵母浓缩废液制发酵饲料的研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2013.
	XU W. The research of bagasse mixed with the molasses yeast wastewater by solid fermentation[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[65]	董爱军, 张捷. 糖蜜的资源化利用(下). 中国甜菜糖业, 2007(3): 17-20.
	DONG A J, ZHANG J. Methods of resource regeneration of molasses(Ⅱ). China Beet & Sugar, 2007(3): 17-20. (in Chinese)
[66]	中华人民共和国环境保护部和国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 制糖工业水污染物排放标准: GB 21909—2008. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2008.
	The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Sugar Industry: GB 21909—2008. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[67]	YIN J, DENG C B, WANG X F, CHEN G L, MIHUCZ V G, XU G P, DENG Q C. Effects of long-term application of vinasse on physicochemical properties, heavy metals content and microbial diversity in sugarcane field soil. Sugar Tech, 2019, 21(1): 62-70. doi:10.1007/s12355-018-0630-2. doi: 10.1007/s12355-018-0630-2
[68]	冉艳红, 于淑娟, 高大维. 甘蔗制糖过程中颜色的形成、去除与防止研究进展. 甘蔗糖业, 2001(1): 39-44. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2001.01.008. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2001.01.008
	RAN Y H, YU S J, GAO D W. Progress in research of color formation, removal and prevention during cane sugar processing. Sugarcane and Canesugar, 2001(1): 39-44. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2001.01.008. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9695.2001.01.008
[69]	CHEN Y, CHENG J J, CREAMER K S. Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(10): 4044-4064. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057 pmid: 17399981
[70]	MARIANO A P, CRIVELARO S H R, DE FRANCESCHI DE ANGELIS D, BONOTTO D M. The use of vinasse as an amendment to ex-situ bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with diesel oil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2009, 52(4): 1043-1055. doi:10.1590/s1516-89132009000400030. doi: 10.1590/s1516-89132009000400030
[71]	CHRISTOFOLETTI C A, ESCHER J P, CORREIA J E, MARINHO J F U, FONTANETTI C S. Sugarcane vinasse: environmental implications of its use. Waste Management, 2013, 33(12): 2752-2761. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.005. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.005 pmid: 24084103
[72]	ALVES P R L, NATAL-DA-LUZ T, SOUSA J P, CARDOSO E J B N. Ecotoxicological characterization of sugarcane vinasses when applied to tropical soils. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 526: 222-232. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.150. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.150
[73]	GODOI L A G, CAMILOTI P R, BERNARDES A N, SANCHEZ B L S, TORRES A P R, CONCEIÇÃO GOMES A, BOTTA L S. Seasonal variation of the organic and inorganic composition of sugarcane vinasse: Main implications for its environmental uses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26(28): 29267-29282. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06019-8. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06019-8
[74]	ORTEGÓN G P, ARBOLEDA F M, CANDELA L, TAMOH K, VALDES-ABELLAN J. Vinasse application to sugar cane fields. Effect on the unsaturated zone and groundwater at Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 539: 410-419. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.153. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.153
[75]	MADEJÓN E, LÓPEZ R, MURILLO J M, CABRERA F. Agricultural use of three (sugar-beet) vinasse composts: Effect on crops and chemical properties of a Cambisol soil in the Guadalquivir River valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2001, 84(1): 55-65. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00191-2. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00191-2
[76]	JIMÉNEZ A M, BORJA R, MARTÍN A. Aerobic-anaerobic biodegradation of beet molasses alcoholic fermentation wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 38(9): 1275-1284. doi:10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00325-4. doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00325-4
[77]	TEJADA M, MORENO J L, HERNANDEZ M T, GARCIA C. Application of two beet vinasse forms in soil restoration: effects on soil properties in an arid environment in southern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007, 119(3/4): 289-298. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.019. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.019
[78]	KUMAR P, CHANDRA R. Detoxification of distillery effluent through Bacillus thuringiensis (MTCC 4714) enhanced phytoremediation potential of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schliden. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004, 73(5): 903-910. doi:10.1007/s00128-004-0512-z. doi: 10.1007/s00128-004-0512-z
[79]	ACHARYA B K, MOHANA S, MADAMWAR D. Anaerobic treatment of distillery spent wash-A study on upflow anaerobic fixed film bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(11): 4621-4626. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.060. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.060
[80]	KANNAN A, UPRETI R K. Influence of distillery effluent on germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 153(1/2): 609-615. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.004. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.004
[81]	MAHIMAIRAJA S, BOLAN N S. Problems and prospects of agricultural use of distillery spentwash in India. Journal of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Monitoring, 2009, 19(4): 375-382.
[82]	SANKARAN K, PREMALATHA M, VIJAYASEKARAN M, SOMASUNDARAM V. DEPHY project: Distillery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion and phycoremediation-A green industrial approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 37: 634-643. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.062. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.062
[83]	CHANDRA R, YADAV S, BHARAGAVA R N, MURTHY R C. Bacterial pretreatment enhances removal of heavy metals during treatment of post-methanated distillery effluent by Typha angustata L. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 88(4): 1016-1024. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.05.001. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.05.001
[84]	NANDAN R, TONDWALKAR V, RAY P K. Biomethanation of spent wash: Heavy metal inhibition of methanogenesis in synthetic medium. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1990, 69(5): 276-281. doi:10.1016/0922-338X(90)90105-6. doi: 10.1016/0922-338X(90)90105-6
[85]	AMARE E, KEBEDE F, MULAT W. Analysis of heavy metals, physicochemical parameters and effect of blending on treatability of wastewaters in Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 14(8): 1679-1688. doi:10.1007/s13762-017-1270-x. doi: 10.1007/s13762-017-1270-x
[86]	FITO J, TEFERA N, KLOOS H, VAN HULLE S W H. Physicochemical properties of the sugar industry and ethanol distillery wastewater and their impact on the environment. Sugar Tech, 2019, 21(2): 265-277. doi:10.1007/s12355-018-0633-z. doi: 10.1007/s12355-018-0633-z
[87]	杜嵩岷. 酵母糖蜜在奶牛饲养中的应用研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2011.
	DU S M. Studies of the application of feeding yeast molasses in lactating dairy cows[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[88]	LI S, ZHAO X H, YE X S, ZHANG L M, SHI L, XU F S, DING G D. The effects of condensed molasses soluble on the growth and development of rapeseed through seed germination, hydroponics and field trials. Agriculture, 2020, 10(7): 260. doi:10.3390/agriculture10070260. doi: 10.3390/agriculture10070260
[89]	MATA R, RATINHO S, FANGUEIRO D. Assessment of the environmental impact of yeast waste application to soil: An integrated approach. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2019, 10(6): 1767-1777. doi:10.1007/s12649-017-0168-7. doi: 10.1007/s12649-017-0168-7
[90]	WHO. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2006.
[91]	中华人民共和国生态环境部和国家市场监督管理总局. 农田灌溉水质标准: GB 5084—2021. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2021.
	The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, and Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Standards for Irrigation Water Quality: GB 5084—2021. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2021. (in Chinese)
[92]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会. 地下水质量标准: GB/T 14848—2017. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, and Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Standards for Groundwater Quality:GB/T 14848—2017. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[93]	周文敏, 傅德黔, 孙宗光. 中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定. 环境科学研究, 1991, 4(6): 9-12. doi:10.13198/j.res.1991.06.11.zhouwm.002. doi: 10.13198/j.res.1991.06.11.zhouwm.002
	ZHOU W M, FU D Q, SUN Z G. Determination of black list of China's priority pollutants in water. Research of Environmental Sciences, 1991, 4(6): 9-12. doi:10.13198/j.res.1991.06.11.zhouwm.002. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13198/j.res.1991.06.11.zhouwm.002
[94]	FU F L, WANG Q. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(3): 407-418. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011 pmid: 21138785
[95]	CAROLIN C F, KUMAR P S, SARAVANAN A, JOSHIBA G J, NAUSHAD M. Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017, 5(3): 2782-2799. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.029. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.029
[96]	BARAKAT M A. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2011, 4(4): 361-377. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019
[97]	KUMAR S, SAHAY S S, SINHA M K. Bioassay of distillery effluent on common guppy, Lebistes reticulatus (Peter). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1995, 54(2): 309-316. doi:10.1007/BF00197446. doi: 10.1007/BF00197446 pmid: 7742641
[98]	KUMAR S, GOPAL K. Impact of distillery effluent on physiological consequences in the freshwater teleost Channa punctatus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001, 66(5): 617-622. doi:10.1007/s001280053. doi: 10.1007/s001280053
[99]	CHANDRA R, YADAV S, MOHAN D. Effect of distillery sludge on seed germination and growth parameters of green gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(1): 431-439. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.124. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.124
[100]	中华人民共和国生态环境部和国家市场监督管理总局. 土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618—2018. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2018.
	The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, and State Administration for Market Regulation. Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land:GB 15618—2018. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2018. (in Chinese)
[101]	王德清, 郭鹏程, 董翔云. 氯对作物毒害作用的研究. 土壤通报, 1990, 21(6): 258-261. doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.1990.06.008. doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.1990.06.008
	WANG D Q, GUO P C, DONG X Y. Study on the toxicity of chlorine to crops. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1990, 21(6): 258-261. doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.1990.06.008. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.1990.06.008
[102]	FAO/WHO. Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, vol. XVII, Edition 1, FAO/WHO, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome, 1984.
[103]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中污染物限量:GB 2762—2017. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
	The Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food:GB 2762—2017. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[104]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中铜限量卫生标准: GB 15199—94. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1994.
	The Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Tolerance Limit of Copper in Food: GB 15199—94. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1994. (in Chinese)
[105]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中锌限量卫生标准: GB 13106—91. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1991.
	The Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Tolerance Limit of Zinc in Food: GB 13106—91. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1991. (in Chinese)
[106]	TRIPATHI S, SHARMA P, SINGH K, PURCHASE D, CHANDRA R. Translocation of heavy metals in medicinally important herbal plants growing on complex organometallic sludge of sugarcane molasses- based distillery waste. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2021, 22: 101434. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.101434. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101434
[107]	SAHAI R, SHUKLA N, JABEEN S, SAXENA P K. Pollution effect of distillery waste on the growth behaviour of Phaseolus radiatus L. Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, 1985, 37(3): 245-253. doi:10.1016/0143-1471(85)90044-3. doi: 10.1016/0143-1471(85)90044-3
[108]	SRIVASTAVA N, SAHAI R. Effects of distillery waste on the performance of Cicer arietinum L. Environmental Pollution, 1987, 43(2): 91-102. doi:10.1016/0269-7491(87)90068-6. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90068-6
[109]	ALGUR Ö F, KADIOǦLU A. The effects of vinasse on the growth, biomass and primary productivity in pea (Pisum sativum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1992, 39(3/4): 139-144. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(92)90049-H. doi: 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90049-H
[110]	ALE R T, JHA P K, BELBASE N. Effect of distillery effluent on some agricultural crops, A case of environmental injustice to local farmers in khajura VDC, banke. Scientific World, 1970, 6(6): 68-75. doi:10.3126/sw.v6i6.2637. doi: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2637
[111]	SINGH S V, SWAMI V K. Utilization of distillery industry wastewater as liquid biofertilizer: Seed bioassay test for feasibility and toxicity assessment. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014, 3(10): 17020-17027. doi:10.15680/ijirset.2014.0310085. doi: 10.15680/ijirset.2014.0310085
[112]	PEDRO-ESCHER J, CHRISTOFOLETTI C A, ANSOAR-RODRÍGUEZ Y, FONTANETTI C S. Sugarcane vinasse, a residue of ethanol industry: toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential using the Allium cepa test. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2016, 7(5): 602-612. doi:10.4236/jep.2016.75054. doi: 10.4236/jep.2016.75054
[113]	邢旭明, 宿彦良, 张银波, 史树德, 刘伟, 魏磊, 刘军成. 膜下滴灌追施酵母浓缩液液体肥对甜菜产质量的影响. 中国糖料, 2020, 42(4): 45-50. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2020.04.008. doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2020.04.008
	XING X M, SU Y L, ZHANG Y B, SHI S D, LIU W, WEI L, LIU J C. Effects of yeast concentrate liquid fertilizer by drip irrigation under mulching on yield and quality of sugar beet. Sugar Crops of China, 2020, 42(4): 45-50. doi:10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2020.04.008. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13570/j.cnki.scc.2020.04.008
[114]	RAMANA S, BISWAS A K, KUNDU S, SAHA J K, YADAVA R B R. Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination in some vegetable crops. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 82(3): 273-275. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00184-5. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00184-5
[115]	PANDEY D, EDUCATION D. Distillery effluent-A potential resource for irrigating forest seed beds. AMBIO, 1994, 23(4/5): 267-268.
[116]	JOSHI G V, NAIK G R. Response of sugarcane to different types of salt stress. Plant and Soil, 1980, 56(2): 255-263. doi:10.1007/BF02205854. doi: 10.1007/BF02205854
[117]	TAYLOR J L S, DEMYTTENAERE J C R, ABBASPOUR TEHRANI K, OLAVE C A, REGNIERS L, VERSCHAEVE L, MAES A, ELGORASHI E E, VAN STADEN J, DE KIMPE N. Genotoxicity of melanoidin fractions derived from a standard glucose/glycine model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(2): 318-323. doi:10.1021/jf030125y. doi: 10.1021/jf030125y pmid: 14733515
[118]	YADAV S, CHANDRA R. Biodegradation of organic compounds of molasses melanoidin (MM) from biomethanated distillery spent wash (BMDS) during the decolourisation by a potential bacterial consortium. Biodegradation, 2012, 23(4): 609-620. doi:10.1007/s10532-012-9537-x. doi: 10.1007/s10532-012-9537-x pmid: 22311589
[119]	FITZGIBBON F, SINGH D, MCMULLAN G, MARCHANT R. The effect of phenolic acids and molasses spent wash concentration on distillery wastewater remediation by fungi. Process Biochemistry, 1998, 33(8): 799-803. doi:10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00050-8. doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00050-8
[120]	PANT D, ADHOLEYA A. Biological approaches for treatment of distillery wastewater: A review. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(12): 2321-2334. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.027. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.027 pmid: 17092705
[121]	MOHANA S, ACHARYA B K, MADAMWAR D. Distillery spent wash: treatment technologies and potential applications. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 163(1): 12-25. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.079. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.079 pmid: 18675513
[122]	JUWARKAR A, DUTTA S A. Impact of distillery effluent application to land on soil microflora. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1990, 15(2): 201-210. doi:10.1007/BF00398914. doi: 10.1007/BF00398914 pmid: 24241561

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

项目 Item	糖蜜发酵酒精工业废液 Effluents from alcohol industry		糖蜜发酵酵母工业废液 Effluents from yeast industry		GB 27631— 2011^[62]	GB 25462— 2010^[63]
项目 Item	污染特征 Values	超标倍数 Over-limit multiple	污染特征 Values	超标倍数 Over-limit multiple	GB 27631— 2011^[62]	GB 25462— 2010^[63]
pH	3.0-5.7		3.5-6.0		6-9	6-9
BOD₅(mg·L^-1) ^a)	20000-80000	667-2667	3600-13780	90-345	30	40
COD_Cr(mg·L^-1) ^b)	30000-180000	200-1200	8000-140000	53-933	150	150
SS (mg·L^-1) ^c)	925-6000	19-120	170-5000	2-71	50	70
色度(稀释倍数) Colourity (dilution ratio)	2000-5000	67-167	400-45800	7-763	30	60
氨氮NH₃-N (mg·L^-1)	40-890	4-89	100-1200	7-80	10	15
总氮Total N (mg·L^-1)	500-12800	25-640	120-3000	5-120	20	25
总磷PO₄^3- (mg·L^-1)	10-3800	13-4750	2.4-400	2-400	0.8	1.0
总钾K₂O (mg·L^-1)	1000-25000		3000-7000
硫酸盐SO₄^2- (mg·L^-1)	6400-8000		400-8800
有机物OM (%)	5.5-9.6		8.1-9.2
参考文献Ref.	[39-53]		[32,54-61]

项目 Item	糖蜜发酵酒精工业废液 Effluents from alcohol industry	糖蜜发酵酵母工业废液 Effluents from yeast industry	WHO	GB 5084—2021	GB/T 14848—2017
项目 Item	糖蜜发酵酒精工业废液 Effluents from alcohol industry	糖蜜发酵酵母工业废液 Effluents from yeast industry	WHO	GB 5084—2021	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Hg	0-1			≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002
Cd	0.007-2.37		0.01	≤0.01	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01
As	0.0056-0.5		0.1	≤0.05-0.1	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05
Pb	0.0056-8.8		5.0	≤0.2	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1
Cr	0.01-50.6		0.1	≤0.1(VI)	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1
Ni	0.019-5	0.02	0.2	≤0.2	≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1
Cu	0.05-940	3.2-7.8	0.2	≤0.5-1.0	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5
Zn	0.0056-20	10-340	2.0	≤2.0	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0
Cl	71-42096	63000-67300	140-350	≤350	≤250	≤350	>350
Na	27-28000	19300-55090	69-207		≤200	≤400	>400
Se	0.0056-0.5	0.2	0.02	≤0.02	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1
Mn	3.11-6410	7.97-66.7	0.2		≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5
酚Phenol	0-10000			1	≤0.002	≤0.01	>0.01
EC(μS·cm^-1)	8294-96000	25500-27600	700-3000
参考文献Ref.	[11,13,39,44,51,70-86]	[87-89]	[90]	[91]		[92]

	Cu	Cd	Cr	Zn	Ni	Mn	Pb	Cl	EC (μS·cm^-1)
污水Distillery effluent^[13] (mg·L^-1)	3.12±0.24	2.37±0.06	3.03±0.21	14.11±1.16	2.24±0.3	5.03±0.92	1.46±0.21	1860±36.85	10760±40
污泥Distillery sluge^[99] (mg·kg^-1)	118.96±2.54	2.05±0.53	8.12±0.18	130.26±8.43	27.20±2.64	88.24±0.44	19.76±0.65	355±59.25	3700±210
水质标准Standard for water quality (mg·L^-1)
WHO^[90]	0.2	0.01	0.1	2.0	0.2	0.2	5.0	140-350	700-3000
GB 5084—2021^[91]	≤0.5-1.0	≤0.01	≤0.1	≤2.0	≤0.2		≤0.2	≤350
土壤Soil (mg·kg^-1) CK (Control)	0.98±0.02	BDL	2.34±0.16	6.72±1.42	1.24±0.03	2.11±0.04	1.08±0.03	104±7.35	2030±10
+污水 Effluent	40.83±2.24	9.90±0.76	313±10.21	143±4.16	42.24±3.31	1352±10.92	30.81±2.21	1014.0±36.65	2490±20
土壤标准Standard for soil quality (mg·kg^-1)
GB 15618—2018^[100]	≤50	≤0.3	≤150	≤200	≤60		≤70	≤200^[101]
农作物籽粒Crop seed (mg·kg^-1)
小麦籽粒Wheat^[13] CK (Control)	1.06±0.03	BDL	1.82±0.22	7.24±2.04	BDL	6.36±2.16	BDL
+污水 Effluent	5.06±0.63	1.06±0.03	8.16±2.05	28.26±3.18	4.12±1.03	18.43±2.16	8.06±1.16
芥菜籽粒Mustard^[13] CK (Control)	1.86±0.19	0.46±0.03	1.26±0.57	8.34±1.83	BDL	12.86±1.72	BDL
+污水 Effluent	5.26±1.23	1.20±0.06	6.26±1.20	28.16±3.06	4.08±0.82	157.3±2.09	7.06±1.18
绿豆Green gram^[99] CK (Control)	7.81±0.24	0.04±0.001	3.21±0.11	24.76±1.06	BDL	2.58±0.05
+20%污泥 Sluge	14.15±0.46	0.62±0.024	9.79±0.42	64.19±2.05	7.00±0.22	16.16±0.50
农产品标准Standard for food (mg·kg^-1)
FAO/WHO^[102]	3.0	0.21	0.02	27.4	1.63	2.0	0.43
GB 2762—2017^[103] 蔬菜/谷物 Vagetable/cereal	≤10^[104]	≤0.05/≤0.2	≤0.5/≤1.0	≤20^[105]	1.0		≤0.2/≤0.2

Environmental Safety Risks in Agricultural Application of Effluents from Sugar Molasses-Based Fermentation Industries

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 122

Related Articles 0

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0